Intellectual property rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry in Iraq under accession to the World Trade Organization

The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licenses from global companies in the light of limited access to pharmaceutical research and development. The research aims at the impact of economic liberalization within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its negative effects on consumers by highlighting the economic and social effects on consumption by raising prices and monopolies and restricting the volume of consumer demand because of the loss of the competitive advantage of pharmaceutical goods. Iraq's unwillingness to accede to the International Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the deterioration of the pharmaceutical industry meant increased dependence on the outside, increased trade deficits, higher price levels, and its adverse effects on consumers. Iraq finds it difficult for developed countries to use their intellectual rights as well as restrict industrial and agricultural work because production and production methods are now subject to their intellectual property protection law, which prevents any possible industrial development. The most significant potential short-term impact of TRIPS is the decline in drug production, which continues to be protected. The great challenge for drug producers is the need to

THE SCIENCES OF THE QUR’AN IN THE INTERPRETATION OF A BRIGHTENING OF THE QUR’AN BY AL-TALAQANI

The paper deals with the study of the sciences of the Qur’an according to the interpreter, Ayatollah Sayyid Mahmoud al-Talaqani, a religious jihadist figure from Iran. He is the author of the exegesis (Ishraq from Al-Quran), which consists of six parts, which he wrote inside the prisons of the Shah and in exile. Mr. Al-Talaqani agreed with some of the commentators in his positions on the sciences of the Qur’an, and some of them disagreed with others.

EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED BANKING

The banking business that you should not conduct in Islamic banks is in the matter of exchange, including the exchange on the basis of the deferred price and the discount of commercial papers. Also, if the exchange contract does not meet its legal conditions, then he signs a contract in one of the two types of usury Al-Fadl or Al-Nasee’ah usury, or both as it will be explained, if he wishes. God, and perhaps the wisdom behind the prohibition of usury of an-Naseeh arising from the sale of cash for money other than its kind, when the forward factor in the price is taken into account, was not noticed by many to the extent that some were overwhelmed by surprise and astonishment when they learned that the Shari’a forbade this form of transaction.The paper is begins with the definition of parallel exchange and its legal adaptation and a statement of the pillars and conditions of the exchange contract and exchange work in contemporary Islamic banks . It was concluded that it is not permissible to deal with the exchange at the forward rate .

Textimage Discourse of Environmental Slogans : A Discourse Analysis Study

This study is a multimodal discourse analysis study, it investigates the correlation between image and text. It studies the environmental slogans that contain text and image correlated together, with reference to other techniques that are used within these slogans, hence it analyses the semiotic side of slogans with reference to the semiotic tools like colors that are integrated within these slogans. Four different environmental slogans within the analysis show that the tools and texts are not the same, while the message is one and unique, different texts, color, gestures and draws might help to convey the same message to others, all these details are analyzed relation to the text.

The Representation of America and China in Trump's Press Conferences Concerning COVID-19: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This study explores the construction of “Self” and the “Other” in President Donald Trump’s political discourse concerning COVID-19. The study is based on two Critical Discourse Analysis approaches which are van Dijk’s ideological square and Fairclough’s three-dimensional approach. Van Dijk’s ideological square is utilized to investigate the representation of the “self” and the “other” throughout Trump’s conferences. Fairclough’s three-dimensional model is utilized to reveal the lexical items that are used in Trump’s political discourse to construct the “self” and the “other”. Fourteen press conferences of Trump are used for the analysis. The data is selected between periods from February 2020, until September 2020. This period represents the period of appearance and the spreading of COVID-19. The results of the study revealed that before the spreading of COVID-19, China was represented in a positive portrayal, while after the spreading of COVID-19; China was represented in a negative portrayal. On the other hand, America was represented in a positive and noble portrayal after and before the outbreak of COVID-19. Furthermore, lexical items, such as “China virus, Wuhan virus, Wuhan labs, Kung flu, got out of control, etc.” are associated with China, to hold it responsible for creating and spreading COVID-19.

The Importance of the Integrative Relationship Between Cause and Effect Analysis and The Sustainable Balanced Scorecard in Solving Problems of Economic Units

The aim of the research is to highlight the complementarity between cause-and-effect analysis and the Sustainable Balanced Tag Card. The problem with the research is that economic units are poorly aware of the theoretical and philosophical foundations of cause-and-effect analysis and their importance in costing and solving administrative problems and inadequate attention to financial and non-financial measures. In order to achieve the objective of research and test its hypotheses, the Wasit Textile and Weaving Plant of the State Company for the Textile and Leather Industries, located in the centre of the Wasit prefecture, has been selected as a centre for research. Its performance has been evaluated and a model has been presented to solve the problems it faces through a cause-and-effect analysis scheme with a sustainable balanced tag card (SBSC) that details all environmental and social aspects, both quantitative and financial. A set of conclusions has been reached, the most important of which is that the cause-and-effect relationship is not just a correlation, but a reasonable relationship between the level of the activity and its costs, because it gives analysts and managers confidence in the relationships repeatedly estimated in other sets of data, The identification of cost guides gives managers a vision of several methods they use to reduce costs and the quantity of routers, and the sustainable balanced labeling card uses both financial and non-financial performance measures to bridge the gap arising from the use of financial measures only, as well as to measure and improve performance , The economic unit wishing to take advantage of the characteristics of the adopted economic unit strategies that are relevant to each dimension of the sustainable balance tag and its drawbacks should be careful not to reduce the costs of products or services on an ongoing basis, and focus not only on reducing costs, but also on providing distinct products and services that meet

Misrepresentation of the Other: A Postcolonial Study in Selected Arab and American Novels

The paper sheds light on one of the important concepts in contemporary literature which tackles the representation of the Other in selected Arabic and American literary products. The representation of the other holds many misrepresentations and stereotypes, both varying and fixed; as such, the study of the literary representations of the other which comes as a remedy many fixed and prevalent frameworks between the self and the other which deals with the construction of an individual on cultural, political and social levels. The study tackles a topic of great importance for contemporary literary studies and critiques, especially at the level of national literature. The research aims to discuss how Arab writers envision the concept of the Other, on one hand; and it argues how American writers projects the concept in their novels, on the other hand. It also gives an insight about Arabs and Americans viewing the term the self and other or utilize the term Imagology which is very significant because it differentiates between the Oriental and Western points of view. The paper is restricted to argue the representation of the other in these four novels. Finally, the research ends up with conclusion and recommendations for further researches.

Examining models for measuring corporate governance to resolve financial crises

This document deals with corporate governance and its impact on corporate performance and economic performance. This work is first summarized and based on previous work done, for example, to provide a clearer expression of the corporate governance models of shareholders and shareholders. It then addresses some of the key factors that lead to the effectiveness of corporate governance, and examines some of the strengths, weaknesses, and economic consequences associated with different corporate governance systems. In addition to providing information not provided in previous work, it also provides new information on the concentration of ownership and voting rights in a number of OECD countries. This document also provides empirical evidence on the relationship between corporate governance, firm performance, and economic growth. Finally, several policy implications are identified. This document shows how a corporate governance framework can influence the development of stock markets, R&D and innovative, corporate activities and the development of an active SME sector, thereby affecting economic growth. However, there is no single model of corporate governance, and each country has, over time, developed a variety of mechanisms to overcome representation problems arising from separation of ownership and control. This document examines the various mechanisms used in different systems (eg centralized ownership, executive rent schemes, stock market, inter-corporate shareholding, etc.) and examines the available evidence. Whether they have achieved their goal or not. do. For example, one of the benefits of centralized ownership is that it provides more effective oversight of management and helps with representation problems arising from separation of ownership and control. However, some costs reduce liquidity and the likelihood of risk diversification. Although dispersed ownership carries more liquidity, it may not provide the appropriate incentive to encourage the long-term

Public Relations Methods Used to Improve the Image of The Local Product (A Field Study of Public Relations Activities in The State Company for Textile and Leather Industries)

It is no secret to anyone the important role of national industries and the need to improve their image among the Iraqi citizen because of his role in supporting the local economy, so this research came to address the public relations methods used to improve the image of the local product (a field study of public relations activities in the General Company for the Textile and Leather Industry), Where the first topic of the research dealt with the methodological framework represented by presenting the research problem and its importance, defining its objectives and the scientific method followed in it, reviewing the research tools with defining concepts and terminology, while the second topic dealt with the theoretical framework and dealt with it The researcher pointed to the importance of public relations in the General Company for the Textile and Leather Industry. As for the third topic, it dealt with the field study, through which the researcher reached several scientific results, perhaps the most prominent of which is that most of the workers in the media department are experienced, in addition to the fact that exhibitions and the social networking site Facebook are among the most prominent means Contact used by the company

Mitigating Face Threatening Acts in Political Interview: A Discourse Analysis Study

The study investigates a theoretical background about media discourse in general, it deals with all the available techniques used in such a discourse for the purpose of mitigating face threatening acts between both the interview and interviewee. Since in most cases they (the interviewer and interviewee) are from different social states, so there is a cautious speech from both sides and still there is a persistent need for clinging to certain techniques and ways that play a crucial role in mitigating face threatening acts, seven of these techniques have been mentioned through all the research, how they are used and to what extent they are so influential in the fulfilment of the desired goals. Turn talking, turns, conversations and conversation analysis, all these subjects are shown within the theoretical side of the research. Checking of the chosen date and searching for these techniques and their importance though all the political interview are shown within a discrete section of analysis. Finally, there are conclusions for their uses, effects and ratios of use to show their importance in developing the political speech and interviews.