FOSSIL RESIN BIOMARKERS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN OIL TO SOURCE-ROCK CORRELATION, GIPPSLAND BASIN, AUSTRALIA

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alexander ◽  
R.A. Noble ◽  
R.I. Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Uniform Distributions ◽  
Fossil Resin ◽  
Gippsland Basin ◽  
Fossil Resins

Diterpanes occur widely in the resins of modern conifers, suggesting that sedimentary diterpanes are chemical markers for fossil resins, particularly those derived from conifers. In this paper, the use of the relative abundance of these chemical fossils for establishing genetic relationships between the organic matter in sediments and crude oils has been demonstrated using sediments and crude oils from the Gippsland Basin.The crude oils were characterised by their remarkably uniform distributions of diterpanes and similar relative amounts of diterpanes and hopanes. In contrast, the sediments showed much greater variability, with only one sediment horizon, an organic-rich shale, showing the same properties as the crude oils.

scholarly journals Effective source rock selection and oil–source correlation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-415
Author(s):  
He Bi ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Jing-Jing Fan ◽  
Xiao-Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Oil Source

AbstractThis study considers the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Yaojia Formation, and the first member of the Nenjiang Formation in the Western Slope of the northern Songliao Basin. Dark mudstone with high abundances of organic matter of Gulong and Qijia sags are considered to be significant source rocks in the study area. To evaluate their development characteristics, differences and effectiveness, geochemical parameters are analyzed. One-dimensional basin modeling and hydrocarbon evolution are also applied to discuss the effectiveness of source rocks. Through the biomarker characteristics, the source–source, oil–oil, and oil–source correlations are assessed and the sources of crude oils in different rock units are determined. Based on the results, Gulong and Qijia source rocks have different organic matter primarily detrived from mixed sources and plankton, respectively. Gulong source rock has higher thermal evolution degree than Qijia source rock. The biomarker parameters of the source rocks are compared with 31 crude oil samples. The studied crude oils can be divided into two groups. The oil–source correlations show that group I oils from Qing II–III, Yao I, and Yao II–III members were probably derived from Gulong source rock and that only group II oils from Nen I member were derived from Qijia source rock.

MACROCYCLIC ALKANES: MARKERS FOR THE FRESHWATER ALGA BOTRYOCOCCUS BRAUNII IN THE GIPPSLAND BASIN

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Audino ◽  
K. Grice ◽  
R. Alexander ◽  
R.I. Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Freshwater Alga ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
First Report ◽  
Gippsland Basin

Macrocyclic alkanes are novel markers derived from the algaenan of Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) independent of the race of B. braunii. Analysis of a crude oil (Leatherjacket–1, Cretaceous) and a sediment from the Gippsland Basin (Flounder–1 well, Cretaceous) reveal the presence of macrocyclic alkanes, suggesting an input to the organic matter from freshwater alga B. braunii. This is the first report of macrocyclic alkanes in Australian crude oils and in sediments other than torbanites. These compounds are important because they ultimately derive from the algaenan of B. braunii and are thus selectively preserved in crude oils unlike other B. braunii biomarkers that are not always preserved.

scholarly journals Urbanization pressures alter tree rhizosphere microbiomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. Rosier ◽  
Shawn W. Polson ◽  
Vincent D’Amico ◽  
Jinjun Kan ◽  
Tara L. E. Trammell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Structural Formation

AbstractThe soil microbial community (SMC) provides critical ecosystem services including organic matter decomposition, soil structural formation, and nutrient cycling. Studies suggest plants, specifically trees, act as soil keystone species controlling SMC structure via multiple mechanisms (e.g., litter chemistry, root exudates, and canopy alteration of precipitation). Tree influence on SMC is shaped by local/regional climate effects on forested environments and the connection of forests to surrounding landscapes (e.g., urbanization). Urban soils offer an ideal analog to assess the influence of environmental conditions versus plant species-specific controls on SMC. We used next generation high throughput sequencing to characterize the SMC of specific tree species (Fagus grandifolia [beech] vs Liriodendron tulipifera [yellow poplar]) across an urban–rural gradient. Results indicate SMC dissimilarity within rural forests suggests the SMC is unique to individual tree species. However, greater urbanization pressure increased SMC similarity between tree species. Relative abundance, species richness, and evenness suggest that increases in similarity within urban forests is not the result of biodiversity loss, but rather due to greater overlap of shared taxa. Evaluation of soil chemistry across the rural–urban gradient indicate pH, Ca+, and organic matter are largely responsible for driving relative abundance of specific SMC members.

scholarly journals Source rock characterization of mesozoic to cenozoic organic matter rich marls and shales of the Eratosthenes Seamount, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Grohmann ◽  
Susanne W. Fietz ◽  
Ralf Littke ◽  
Samer Bou Daher ◽  
Maria Fernanda Romero-Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Potential Source Rock ◽  
Levant Basin ◽  
Rock Characterization ◽  
Rock Eval

Several significant hydrocarbon accumulations were discovered over the past decade in the Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Onshore studies have investigated potential source rock intervals to the east and south of the Levant Basin, whereas its offshore western margin is still relatively underexplored. Only a few cores were recovered from four boreholes offshore southern Cyprus by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) during the drilling campaign Leg 160 in 1995. These wells transect the Eratosthenes Seamount, a drowned bathymetric high, and recovered a thick sequence of both pre- and post-Messinian sedimentary rocks, containing mainly marine marls and shales. In this study, 122 core samples of Late Cretaceous to Messinian age were analyzed in order to identify organic-matter-rich intervals and to determine their depositional environment as well as their source rock potential and thermal maturity. Both Total Organic and Inorganic Carbon (TOC, TIC) analyses as well as Rock-Eval pyrolysis were firstly performed for the complete set of samples whereas Total Sulfur (TS) analysis was only carried out on samples containing significant amount of organic matter (>0.3 wt.% TOC). Based on the Rock-Eval results, eight samples were selected for organic petrographic investigations and twelve samples for analysis of major aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The organic content is highly variable in the analyzed samples (0–9.3 wt.%). TS/TOC as well as several biomarker ratios (e.g. Pr/Ph < 2) indicate a deposition under dysoxic conditions for the organic matter-rich sections, which were probably reached during sporadically active upwelling periods. Results prove potential oil prone Type II kerogen source rock intervals of fair to very good quality being present in Turonian to Coniacian (average: TOC = 0.93 wt.%, HI = 319 mg HC/g TOC) and in Bartonian to Priabonian (average: TOC = 4.8 wt.%, HI = 469 mg HC/g TOC) intervals. A precise determination of the actual source rock thickness is prevented by low core recovery rates for the respective intervals. All analyzed samples are immature to early mature. However, the presence of deeper buried, thermally mature source rocks and hydrocarbon migration is indicated by the observation of solid bitumen impregnation in one Upper Cretaceous and in one Lower Eocene sample.

Origin of organic matter from tectonic zones in the Western Tatra Mountains Crystalline Basement, Poland: An example of bitumen—source rock correlation

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Marynowski ◽  
Aleksandra Gawe¸da ◽  
Paweł Poprawa ◽  
Michał M. Zywiecki ◽  
Beata Ke¸pińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Tectonic Zones

Liquid hydrocarbon characterization of the lacustrine Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Organic-matter source variation and thermal maturity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. SF225-SF242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Sun ◽  
Quansheng Liang ◽  
Chengfu Jiang ◽  
Daniel Enriquez ◽  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Yanchang Formation

Source-rock samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China were geochemically characterized to determine variations in depositional environments, organic-matter (OM) source, and thermal maturity. Total organic carbon (TOC) content varies from 4 wt% to 10 wt% in the Chang 7, Chang 8, and Chang 9 members — the three OM-rich shale intervals. The Chang 7 has the highest TOC and hydrogen index values, and it is considered the best source rock in the formation. Geochemical evidence indicates that the main sources of OM in the Yanchang Formation are freshwater lacustrine phytoplanktons, aquatic macrophytes, aquatic organisms, and land plants deposited under a weakly reducing to suboxic depositional environment. The elevated [Formula: see text] sterane concentration and depleted [Formula: see text] values of OM in the middle of the Chang 7 may indicate the presence of freshwater cyanobacteria blooms that corresponds to a period of maximum lake expansion. The OM deposited in deeper parts of the lake is dominated by oil-prone type I or type II kerogen or a mixture of both. The OM deposited in shallower settings is characterized by increased terrestrial input with a mixture of types II and III kerogen. These source rocks are in the oil window, with maturity increasing with burial depth. The measured solid-bitumen reflectance and calculated vitrinite reflectance from the temperature at maximum release of hydrocarbons occurs during Rock-Eval pyrolysis ([Formula: see text]) and the methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1) chemical maturity parameters range from 0.8 to [Formula: see text]. Because the thermal labilities of OM are associated with the kerogen type, the required thermal stress for oil generation from types I and II mixed kerogen has a higher and narrower range of temperature for hydrocarbon generation than that of OM dominated by type II kerogen or types II and III mixed kerogen deposited in the prodelta and delta front.

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