Effect of Herbicide Sprays on the Infectivity and Propagule Numbers of Take-All Fungus (Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici) and the Effect of Propagule Size and Soil Temperature on Infectivity.

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sivasithamparam ◽  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Propagule Size ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Survival of the take-all fungus in the presence and absence of susceptible grasses

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Cotterill ◽  
K Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Propagule Size ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Field Inoculum ◽  
Take All

A field trial was conducted to compare the effect of depth on inoculum of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici under grasses and bare-fallow. Soil was sampled from 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm depths in March, October and December 1986. Sample bioassays were carried out to determine infectivity, propagule number and to evaluate the contribution of different sized particles to the total soil-borne inoculum. A pot experiment examined the conduciveness of the respective soil samples to take-all. Grasses were effective in the carry-over of the field inoculum of the take-all fungus. In grass plots, infectivity was similar at the three sampling dates, although propagule number increased with time. In fallow plots, infectivity and propagule number declined progressively. Inoculum level fluctuated with time in both treatments, mainly in the 10-15 cm layer, and was most stable in fallow plots at 5-10 cm. Infectivity increased with increase in propagule size and the larger propagules were more infective at l2�C rather than 20�C. There was no difference between the conduciveness of soils from each layer in fallow plots, but in grass plots conduciveness increased with depth. Infectivity and propagule number of the fungus at respective depths appeared to be related to organic matter, conduciveness and fertility of the soil.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Sensitivity to 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol of Isolates of Phialophora spp. from Washington Wheat Fields

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Sig Kwak ◽  
Peter A. H. M. Bakker ◽  
Debora C. M. Glandorf ◽  
Jennifer T. Rice ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Dark pigmented fungi of the Gaeumannomyces–Phialophora complex were isolated from the roots of wheat grown in fields in eastern Washington State. These fungi were identified as Phialophora spp. on the basis of morphological and genetic characteristics. The isolates produced lobed hyphopodia on wheat coleoptiles, phialides, and hyaline phialospores. Sequence comparison of internal transcribed spacer regions indicated that the Phialophora isolates were clearly separated from other Gaeumannomyces spp. Primers AV1 and AV3 amplified 1.3-kb portions of an avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora isolates. Phylogenetic trees of the avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora spp. also clearly separated them from other Gaeumannomyces spp. The Phialophora isolates were moderately virulent on wheat and barley and produced confined black lesions on the roots of wild oat and two oat cultivars. Among isolates tested for their sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), the 90% effective dose values were 11.9 to 48.2 μg ml–1. A representative Phialophora isolate reduced the severity of take-all on wheat caused by two different isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of an avenacinase-like gene in Phialophora spp. and demonstrated that the fungus is significantly less sensitive to 2,4-DAPG than G. graminis var. tritici.

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Root Death ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Abstract A description is provided for Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae, especially Triticum, Hordeum, Secale, Agropyron and several other grass genera and, more rarely, Sorghum and Zea; also recorded from the roots of plants in other families. DISEASE: Take-all of cereals and grasses (also referred to as deadheads or whiteheads, pietin and pied noir (France), Schwarzbeinigkeit and Ophiobolus Fusskrankheit (Germany), Ophiobolusvoetziekt (Netherlands) and others). Root infection is favoured by soil temperature from 12-20°C (Butler, 1961). Ascospore germ tubes penetrate root hairs and the epidermis in the meristematic region (Weste, 1972) leading to plugging of xylem and root death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: (CMI Map 334, ed. 3, 1972). Widespread, especially in temperate zones. Africa; Asia (India, Iran, Japan, USSR): Australasia and Oceania; Europe; North America (Canada, USA); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay). TRANSMISSION: In soil on infected organic fragments, as runner hyphae on roots of cereals and grasses and, under special conditions, by ascospores. Seed transmission very doubtful (47, 3058).

Effect of copper deficiency in wheat on the infection of roots by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Wood ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Wheat was grown in a soil at five levels of copper (ranging from levels deficient, to those luxurious, for plant growth), in the presence or absence of introduced take-all inoculum (oat kernels colonized by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritica). The incidence and severity of take-all were related to the copper supply and hence the copper status of the wheat. Plants grown without applied copper were more severely infected by take-all than were those grown with an adequate or luxurious supply of copper. The number of lesions per gram fresh weight of roots was reduced from 6.5 to 2.4 by increasing the copper supply from that severely deficient, to that adequate for plant growth. In seminal roots, increasing the copper supply from levels severely deficient to those adequate or luxurious for plant growth, decreased the length of proximal lesions (those closest to the seed). By contrast, in nodal roots, a similar increase in copper supply had no effect on the length of proximal lesions, but increased the length of uninfected root between the crown and proximal lesions. In both seminal and nodal roots, copper supply did not affect the intensity of lesions.

Triticum tauschii: reaction to the take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Eastwood ◽  
JF Kollmorgen ◽  
M Hannah
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Green Tissue ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Reactions of 398 accessions of Triticum tawchii to the take-all fungus [Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt] were assessed. Nineteen accessions were selected for more detailed studies. T. tauschii accessions were identified that had less tissue blackening and more remaining green tissue when challenged by the fungus than the susceptible T. aestivum cv. Condor. However, tissue blackening in the T. tauschii accessions was much greater than that in Avena sativa cv. New Zealand Cape. Synthetic allohexaploid wheats produced from different Triticum turgidum var. durum (genome AABB) accessions and accessions of T. tauschii (genome DD) which had low tissue blackening or high remaining green tissue had more tissue blackening and less remaining green tissue than the T. tauschii parents. The potential of this material for breeding take-all resistant wheats together with experimental methods to minimize the possible confounding effects of seed weight, seed source and genetic effects are discussed.

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