The epidemiology and management of bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) of field pea (Pisum sativum) in Australia: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hollaway ◽  
T. W. Bretag ◽  
T. V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Sowing Seed

Bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi is an important, but sporadic, disease of field peas (Pisum sativum) in Australia. The presence of P. syringae pv. pisi reduces the profitability of peas due to yield loss and, in some cases, it also limits Australia’s export of peas to some countries. Pseudomonoas syringae pv. pisi is primarily a seed-borne pathogen, but infected pea trash can be an important source of inoculum. Alternative hosts and soil are not regarded as epidemiologically important sources of inoculum. P. syringae pv. pisi survives, multiplies and spreads epiphytically in pea crops. Epiphytic populations of P. syringae pv. pisi only become pathogenic following crop damage caused by frost or severe weather conditions. Frost damage is especially important because the ice nucleating activity of P. syringae pv. pisi initiates frost damage at higher temperatures than occurs in the absence of the bacterium. In addition early-sown crops are more prone to damage from bacterial blight than crops sown later in the season. Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi consists of seven identified races. One of these (Race 6) lacks all avirulence genes and is common around the world and in Australia. Globally, Race 2 and Race 6 predominate; however, in Australia, Race 3 predominates due to the widespread cultivation of cultivars susceptible to Race 3, but resistant to Race 2. Resistance to Race 6 within P. sativum has not been found but attempts are being made to incorporate a race non-specific resistance identified from P. abyssinicum into field pea. Bacterial blight can be successfully controlled using an integrated disease management strategy incorporating crop rotation, pathogen-free seed, avoidance of planting in areas prone to frequent frosts or extreme wet weather, crop hygiene and avoiding early sowing. Seed treatment and application of foliar bactericides have limited use in control of this disease.

Occurrence and distribution of races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in Australia and their specificity towards various field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Hollaway ◽  
TW Bretag
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
High Incidence

The occurrence of races among 65 Australian isolates of Pseudornonas syringae pv. pisi, the causal organism of bacterial blight of field peas, was investigated. Race 3 was most common in Victoria and New South Wales, while race 6 was most common in South Australia. Field pea cultivars were screened for their resistance or susceptibility toward the 7 races of P. syringae pv. pisi. The most common cultivars were susceptible to races 3 and 6, explaining the high incidence of these races in this survey. All cultivars tested were susceptible to race 6, which was identified in all 3 States.

Construction of an integrated linkage map and trait dissection for bacterial blight resistance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimna Sudheesh ◽  
Matthew Rodda ◽  
Peter Kennedy ◽  
Preeti Verma ◽  
Antonio Leonforte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Blight Resistance ◽  
Integrated Linkage Map ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

A high-throughput glasshouse based screening method to evaluate bacterial blight resistance in field pea (Pisum sativum)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rodda ◽  
P. Kant ◽  
K. D. Lindbeck ◽  
A. Gnanasambandam ◽  
G. J. Hollaway
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Blight Resistance

Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in soil and on pea trash and their importance as a source of inoculum for a following field pea crop

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hollaway ◽  
T. W. Bretag
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Field Peas

Summary. The importance of soil and field pea trash as sources of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi for infection of field pea was investigated both in a controlled environment and in the field. Studies of the survival of P. syringae pv. pisi in soil using autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil found that P. syringae pv. pisi is unlikely to survive in soil from one season to the next suggesting that soil is an unlikely source of inoculum in the field. However, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisiwas able to survive on buried pea trash for at least 29 weeks and on pea trash positioned on the soil surface for at least 78 weeks. In a field trial, the presence of pea trash naturally infected with P. syringae pv. pisi caused significant bacterial blight and reduced grain yield of a field pea crop by 25%. Therefore, pea trash is a potent source of inoculum and crop rotations which include 2 seasons free of field peas should be considered as part of a strategy to control bacterial blight.

Effect of pea bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) on the yield of spring sown combining peas (Pisum sativum)

1995 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J ROBERTS ◽  
K PHELPS ◽  
B M McKEOWN ◽  
M C HEATH ◽  
V COCKERELL
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight

Macro-relationships between regional-scale field pea (Pisum sativum) selenium chemistry and environmental factors in western Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Garrett ◽  
Eugene Gawalko ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Anja Richter ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Trial Site ◽  
Scale Field

Garrett, R. G., Gawalko, E., Wang, N., Richter, A. and Warkentin, T. D. 2013. Macro-relationships between regional-scale field pea ( Pisum sativum ) selenium chemistry and environmental factors in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1059–1071. A baseline study of cultivar, temporal (2004–2006) and spatial variability in field pea (Pisum sativum) selenium (Se) concentration was undertaken in western Canada based on six common cultivars (295 samples) grown in 35 variety trials. Selenium was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy following a HNO3digestion. Non-significant differences in pea Se concentration occurred due to cultivar and temporal variability. Trial site soil organic C, pH, cation exchange capacity, soil texture estimates, and classifications were recovered from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Canadian Soil Information System database. Twenty-five percent of the pea Se variability was due to soil edaphic factors, particularly organic C and pH, this increased to 39% with inclusion of great soil group classification. The remaining variability was due to growing season weather conditions, with hotter drier summers leading to higher Se concentrations. Naturally Se biofortified pulses are available to be targeted to selenium deficient populations.

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