Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in soil and on pea trash and their importance as a source of inoculum for a following field pea crop

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hollaway ◽  
T. W. Bretag
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Field Peas

Summary. The importance of soil and field pea trash as sources of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi for infection of field pea was investigated both in a controlled environment and in the field. Studies of the survival of P. syringae pv. pisi in soil using autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil found that P. syringae pv. pisi is unlikely to survive in soil from one season to the next suggesting that soil is an unlikely source of inoculum in the field. However, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisiwas able to survive on buried pea trash for at least 29 weeks and on pea trash positioned on the soil surface for at least 78 weeks. In a field trial, the presence of pea trash naturally infected with P. syringae pv. pisi caused significant bacterial blight and reduced grain yield of a field pea crop by 25%. Therefore, pea trash is a potent source of inoculum and crop rotations which include 2 seasons free of field peas should be considered as part of a strategy to control bacterial blight.

Occurrence and distribution of races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in Australia and their specificity towards various field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Hollaway ◽  
TW Bretag
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
High Incidence

The occurrence of races among 65 Australian isolates of Pseudornonas syringae pv. pisi, the causal organism of bacterial blight of field peas, was investigated. Race 3 was most common in Victoria and New South Wales, while race 6 was most common in South Australia. Field pea cultivars were screened for their resistance or susceptibility toward the 7 races of P. syringae pv. pisi. The most common cultivars were susceptible to races 3 and 6, explaining the high incidence of these races in this survey. All cultivars tested were susceptible to race 6, which was identified in all 3 States.

QUALITY, YIELD, AND SEED WEIGHT OF GREEN FIELD PEAS UNDER CONDITIONS OF APPLIED SHADE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Very High

Field studies were conducted in 1973 and 1974 to evaluate the effects of light intensity on the quality and yield of the green field pea (Pisum sativum L.) ’Triumph’. The treatments included a control with no shading (80 klx) and shading with one (31 klx) or two (9 klx) layers of screen material for a 3-wk period before maturity. Shading resulted in a significant decrease in seed weight and yield and a significant increase in protein content of the seed. The effect of shading on viscosity of the cooked samples was quadratic, implying that viscosity only decreased at very high levels of shading. Shading also tended to reduce loss of green color in the seed cotyledons.

The epidemiology and management of bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) of field pea (Pisum sativum) in Australia: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hollaway ◽  
T. W. Bretag ◽  
T. V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Sowing Seed

Bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi is an important, but sporadic, disease of field peas (Pisum sativum) in Australia. The presence of P. syringae pv. pisi reduces the profitability of peas due to yield loss and, in some cases, it also limits Australia’s export of peas to some countries. Pseudomonoas syringae pv. pisi is primarily a seed-borne pathogen, but infected pea trash can be an important source of inoculum. Alternative hosts and soil are not regarded as epidemiologically important sources of inoculum. P. syringae pv. pisi survives, multiplies and spreads epiphytically in pea crops. Epiphytic populations of P. syringae pv. pisi only become pathogenic following crop damage caused by frost or severe weather conditions. Frost damage is especially important because the ice nucleating activity of P. syringae pv. pisi initiates frost damage at higher temperatures than occurs in the absence of the bacterium. In addition early-sown crops are more prone to damage from bacterial blight than crops sown later in the season. Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi consists of seven identified races. One of these (Race 6) lacks all avirulence genes and is common around the world and in Australia. Globally, Race 2 and Race 6 predominate; however, in Australia, Race 3 predominates due to the widespread cultivation of cultivars susceptible to Race 3, but resistant to Race 2. Resistance to Race 6 within P. sativum has not been found but attempts are being made to incorporate a race non-specific resistance identified from P. abyssinicum into field pea. Bacterial blight can be successfully controlled using an integrated disease management strategy incorporating crop rotation, pathogen-free seed, avoidance of planting in areas prone to frequent frosts or extreme wet weather, crop hygiene and avoiding early sowing. Seed treatment and application of foliar bactericides have limited use in control of this disease.

scholarly journals Intercropping organic field peas with barley, oats and mustard improves weed control but has variable effects on grain yield and net returns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Bailey-Elkin ◽  
Michelle K. Carkner ◽  
Martin Entz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Field Peas

Interest in intercropping semi-leafless field peas (Pisum sativum L.) is increasing as a means of weed control in organic production. We evaluated field pea (cv. CDC Amarillo) grown alone or intercropped with three seeding rates of either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), or oats (Avena sativa L.). A full seeding rate of field pea was used in each instance, resulting in an additive intercropping design. Each crop combination was conducted in a separate experiment, three times over two years (2019 and 2020) in Carman, Manitoba. Measurements included crop and weed biomass production, grain yield and quality, and net return. Intercrops reduced weed biomass at maturity from 17 to 44% with barley and oats being more suppressive than mustard. Intercrops also reduced field pea yield from 6 to 26%, but increased field pea seed mass. Barley at the high seeding rate provided the most weed suppression per unit of field pea yield loss (2.62 kg of weed suppression per kg of field pea yield loss) compared with oat (1.29) and mustard (0.87). Barley and mustard intercrops decreased net return compared to monoculture field pea. Under low weed pressure (1150 kg ha-1 weed biomass at maturity) and earlier seeding, oat intercrops reduced net return. However, under weedy conditions (2649 kg ha-1) and later seeding, field pea-oat intercrops significantly increased net return. In conclusion, while all three intercrop mixtures reduced weed biomass, reductions in field pea yields were observed, and net return benefits were observed only in certain circumstances.

Field pea response to seeding depth and P fertilization

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M. Johnston ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
P Fertilizer

A study was conducted at Melfort, SK, in 1998 and 1999 to determine whether seeding depth and P fertilization affect field pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedling emergence and grain yield. Treatments included a factorial combination of three seeding depths (38 mm, 76 mm, and 114 mm) with and without 25 kg P2O5 ha–1 as monoammonium phosphate. While seedling density was not affected by seeding depth at 3 wk after planting, the deepest seeding depth produced significantly fewer seedlings than the two shallower depths at 5 wk post-seeding. A year-by-seeding-depth interaction was recorded for grain yield, with deep seeding (114 mm) reducing yield by 8.5% in 1998, while no significant differences were recorded due to depth in 1999. Side-banded phosphorus fertilizer applications reduced seedling emergence at 3 wk; however, no difference was recorded by 5 wk after seeding. At harvest, addition of P fertilizer significantly increased grain yields on this high P testing soil; however, this response was small, averaging 138 kg ha–1. Results of this trial indicate that while field peas can tolerate deep seeding there appears to be little benefit from seeding deeper than 76 mm. Key words: Field pea, seeding depth, P fertilizer

scholarly journals Effect of Liming on Grain Yield of Field Peas

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Nikola Bokan ◽  
Đura Karagić ◽  
Vojislav Mihailović ◽  
Dalibor Tomić ◽  
Vladeta Stevović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Valuable Role

Growing field pea for grain and forage is an integral part of the livestock development strategy, due to its importance as a good source of protein in improving milk and meat production. This is of particular relevance to livestock producers in Central Serbia who experience problems in alfalfa production on acidic soils. As a legume, field pea also plays a valuable role in crop rotations. More recently, field pea has been used as an important crop in organic and sustainable farming systems. Under non-irrigated conditions, grain yield of spring pea cvs. ‘NS-Junior’ and ‘Javor’ was evaluated in 2011 and 2012 on an acidic soil receiving amendment applications. A field trial was established in Čačak (43°54'39.06" N, 20°19'10.21" E, 246 m a.s.l.) on an alluvial soil acid in reaction (pHH2O 4.8). The experimental field was fertilized with 300 kg ha-1 N15P15K15. The treatments used included an unfertilized control and liming at 3t ha-1 and 6t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Plot size was 5m2 (1x5m). In both years, the average grain yield of cv. ‘NS-Javor’ was significantly higher than in cv. ‘Junior’. No significant differences were observed between the control and the lime treatments.  Grain yield in both years was significantly below the genetic potential of the cultivars tested, mostly due to deficient rainfall and severe soil and air drought conditions.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas syringae pv. broussonetiae pv. nov., the Causal Agent of Bacterial Blight of Paper Mulberry(Broussonetia kazinoki*B.papyrifera).

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokichi TAKAHASHI ◽  
Koushi NISHIYAMA ◽  
Mamoru SATO
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Causal Agent

scholarly journals Willows Used for Phytoremediation Increased Organic Contaminant Concentrations in Soil Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2979
Author(s):  
Maxime Fortin Faubert ◽  
Dominic Desjardins ◽  
Mohamed Hijri ◽  
Michel Labrecque
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Hydrology ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Made In

The Salix genus includes shrub species that are widely used in phytoremediation and various other phytotechnologies due to their advantageous characteristics, such as a high evapotranspiration (ET) rate, in particular when cultivated in short rotation intensive culture (SRIC). Observations made in past field studies suggest that ET and its impact on soil hydrology can also lead to increases in soil pollutant concentrations near shrubs. To investigate this, sections of a mature willow plantation (seven years old) were cut to eliminate transpiration (Cut treatment). Soil concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), aliphatic compounds C10–C50, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) were compared between the Cut and the uncut plots (Salix miyabeana ‘SX61’). Over 24 months, the results clearly show that removal of the willow shrubs limited the contaminants’ increase in the soil surface, as observed for C10–C50 and of 10 PAHs under the Salix treatment. This finding strongly reinforces a hypothesis that SRIC of willows may facilitate the migration of contaminants towards their roots, thus increasing their concentration in the surrounding soil. Such a “pumping effect” in a high-density willow crop is a prominent characteristic specific to field studies that can lead to counterintuitive results. Although apparent increases of contaminant concentrations contradict the purification benefits usually pursued in phytoremediation, the possibility of active phytoextraction and rhizodegradation is not excluded. Moreover, increases of pollutant concentrations under shrubs following migration suggest that decreases would consequently occur at the source points. Some reflections on interpreting field work results are provided.

Proximate and mineral composition of field peas

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
A. G. Sloan ◽  
S. T. Ali-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Field pea seeds from 10 cultivars grown at two locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987 were analyzed for proximate and mineral profiles. Cultivars differed significantly in their level of total protein, crude fat, ADF, and all minerals tested. However, differences were not extremely large and were comparable to European reports. Location-year also had a significant effect on the levels of total protein, ADF, and all minerals tested. In most cases, the warmest location-year produced relatively higher levels of minerals, ash, and total protein, and lower seed yield than the coolest location-year. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., mineral

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