Occurrence and distribution of races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in Australia and their specificity towards various field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Hollaway ◽  
TW Bretag
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
High Incidence

The occurrence of races among 65 Australian isolates of Pseudornonas syringae pv. pisi, the causal organism of bacterial blight of field peas, was investigated. Race 3 was most common in Victoria and New South Wales, while race 6 was most common in South Australia. Field pea cultivars were screened for their resistance or susceptibility toward the 7 races of P. syringae pv. pisi. The most common cultivars were susceptible to races 3 and 6, explaining the high incidence of these races in this survey. All cultivars tested were susceptible to race 6, which was identified in all 3 States.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi (Sackett) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Pea (Pisum sativum) and other Apiaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Asia, India, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Armenia, Kirghizistan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Europe, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Voronezh, Moldavia, Switzerland, UK, England, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, New York, South America, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay.

Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in soil and on pea trash and their importance as a source of inoculum for a following field pea crop

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hollaway ◽  
T. W. Bretag
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Field Peas

Summary. The importance of soil and field pea trash as sources of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi for infection of field pea was investigated both in a controlled environment and in the field. Studies of the survival of P. syringae pv. pisi in soil using autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil found that P. syringae pv. pisi is unlikely to survive in soil from one season to the next suggesting that soil is an unlikely source of inoculum in the field. However, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisiwas able to survive on buried pea trash for at least 29 weeks and on pea trash positioned on the soil surface for at least 78 weeks. In a field trial, the presence of pea trash naturally infected with P. syringae pv. pisi caused significant bacterial blight and reduced grain yield of a field pea crop by 25%. Therefore, pea trash is a potent source of inoculum and crop rotations which include 2 seasons free of field peas should be considered as part of a strategy to control bacterial blight.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (McCulloch) Young, Dye & Wilke. Hosts: Crucifers (Cruciferae) etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Asia, China, Hunan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Europe, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Leningrad, Caucasus, Crimea, Ukraine, UK, Great Britain, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Central America & West Indies, Cuba, El Salvador, Puerto Rico, South America, Brazil, Sao Paulo.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi. [Distribution map].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (E.F. Smith) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Olive (Olea europea) and oleander (Nerium oleander). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Asia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, USSR, Georgia, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Italy, Sicily, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Scotland, Yugoslavia, North America, Mexico, USA, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Texas, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay.

The epidemiology and management of bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) of field pea (Pisum sativum) in Australia: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hollaway ◽  
T. W. Bretag ◽  
T. V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Sowing Seed

Bacterial blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi is an important, but sporadic, disease of field peas (Pisum sativum) in Australia. The presence of P. syringae pv. pisi reduces the profitability of peas due to yield loss and, in some cases, it also limits Australia’s export of peas to some countries. Pseudomonoas syringae pv. pisi is primarily a seed-borne pathogen, but infected pea trash can be an important source of inoculum. Alternative hosts and soil are not regarded as epidemiologically important sources of inoculum. P. syringae pv. pisi survives, multiplies and spreads epiphytically in pea crops. Epiphytic populations of P. syringae pv. pisi only become pathogenic following crop damage caused by frost or severe weather conditions. Frost damage is especially important because the ice nucleating activity of P. syringae pv. pisi initiates frost damage at higher temperatures than occurs in the absence of the bacterium. In addition early-sown crops are more prone to damage from bacterial blight than crops sown later in the season. Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi consists of seven identified races. One of these (Race 6) lacks all avirulence genes and is common around the world and in Australia. Globally, Race 2 and Race 6 predominate; however, in Australia, Race 3 predominates due to the widespread cultivation of cultivars susceptible to Race 3, but resistant to Race 2. Resistance to Race 6 within P. sativum has not been found but attempts are being made to incorporate a race non-specific resistance identified from P. abyssinicum into field pea. Bacterial blight can be successfully controlled using an integrated disease management strategy incorporating crop rotation, pathogen-free seed, avoidance of planting in areas prone to frequent frosts or extreme wet weather, crop hygiene and avoiding early sowing. Seed treatment and application of foliar bactericides have limited use in control of this disease.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall. Proteobacteria: Pseudomonadales. Hosts: various. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Crete, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Sicily, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, England and Wales, UK, and Ukraine), Asia (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Zhejiang, China, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Iran, Israel, Hokkaido, Honshu, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey, and Uzbekistan), Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe), North America (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Canada, Mexico, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, USA), Central America & Caribbean (Barbados, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, and Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and Venezuela), and Oceania (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Australia, and New Zealand).

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. [Distribution map].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall. Hosts: Various. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Asia, China, India, Madras, Simla, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, USSR, Georgia, Kirghizstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, New Zealand, Europe, Belgium, Britain & Northetn Ireland, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, sicily, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Ukraine, Crimea, Moldavia, Azerbaijan, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, ont, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alaska, Central America & West Indies, Antilles, Barbados, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Puerto Rico, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Distrito Federal, Parana, Chile, Uruguay.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. [Distribution map].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris and other Phaseolus spp) and Pueraria thunbergiana. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Rodriguez Island, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, India, New Delhi, Israel, Japan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Yemen, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Vict, Western Australia, Tasmania, Fiji, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Sicily, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Britain, Channel Islands, Jersey, USSR, Azov-Black Sea littoral, Lithuania, Krasnodar, Georgian SSR, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, General, Alberta, Ontario, Mexico, USA, General, western states, Colorado, Nebraska, Central America & West Indies, Barbados, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St Vincent, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae. Hosts: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), chilli (Capsicum annuum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Italy, Sicily, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine), Asia (China, Fujian, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang, India, Maharashtra, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen), Africa (Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Goias, Parana, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand).

In A Fix: Fixed-Term Parliaments in the Australian States

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-298
Author(s):  
Peter Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
South Wales

Constitutional systems of Westminster heritage are increasingly moving towards fixed-term parliaments to, amongst other things, prevent the Premier or Prime Minister opportunistically calling a ‘snap election’. Amongst the Australian states, qualified fixed-term parliaments currently exist in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia have also deliberated over whether to establish similar fixed-term parliaments. However, manner and form provisions in those states' constitutions entrench the Parliament's duration, Governor's Office and dissolution power. In Western Australia and Queensland, unlike Tasmania, such provisions are doubly entrenched. This article considers whether these entrenching provisions present legal obstacles to constitutional amendments establishing fixed-term parliaments in those two states. This involves examining whether laws fixing parliamentary terms fall within section 6 of the Australia Acts 1986 (Cth) & (UK). The article concludes by examining recent amendments to the Electoral Act 1907 (WA) designed to enable fixed election dates in Western Australia without requiring a successful referendum.

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