The effect of sulphur on the growth, sulphur and nitrogen concentrations, and critical sulphur concentrations of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Diagnostic Indices ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Pasture Legume

Seven tropical and five temperate pasture legume species were grown in pots of three sulphur-deficient soils with varying additions of sulphate. Growth responses and the chemical composition of the plant tops were recorded, and from the latter, tentative critical concentrations of sulphur were established. These were compared with data from two field sites (six species only). Critical concentrations of sulphur in the tops of species sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were: Macroptilium lathyroides 0.17%, Macroptilium atropurpureum 0.15%, Desmodium intortum 0.17%, Desmodium uncinatum 0.17%, Stylosanthes humilis 0.14%, Lotononis bainesii 0.15%, Glycine wightii 0.17%, Trifolium repens 0.18%, Trifolium semipilosum 0.17%, Medicago sativa 0.20%, Medicago truncatula 0.20% and Medicago denticulata 0.20%. Sulphate concentration and nitrogen/sulphur ratios were investigated as alternative diagnostic indices, but were not considered as suitable as total sulphur indices for the assessment of sulphur deficiency in legumes. Nitrogen concentrations in the plant tops were increased by sulphate supply, and excellent correlations were established between the nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the plant tops.

The effect of phosphorus on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical pasture legumes. I. Growth and critical percentages of phosphorus

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MF Robins
Keyword(s):  
Legume Species ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Vigna Luteola ◽  
Pasture Legume ◽  
Pot Culture

Nine tropical and one temperate pasture legume species were grown in pots of soil with varying additions of phosphate. Growth responses and chemical conlposition of the plant tops were recorded, and from the latter, critical percentages of phosphorus were established. These were verified by using data from two soils in the pot culture investigation and a total of six field sites. Glycine javanica and Desmodium intortum were the most responsive species in pots, and Stylosanthes humilis and Lotononis bainesii were the least responsive species. The quantity of phosphorus per pot accumulated in the tops of the plants was greatest for Stylosanthes humilis and Lotononis bainesii at all treatment levels. Critical percentages of phosphorus in the tops of Phaseolus Iathyroides, Phaseolus atropurpureus, Stylosanthes humilis, Centrosema pubescens, Glycine javanica, Lotononis bainesii, Medicago sativa, Desmodium uncinatum, Desmodium intortum, and Vigna luteola sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were 0.20, 0.24, 0.17, 0.16, 0.23, 0.17, 0.24, 0.23, 0.22, and 0.25% phosphorus respectively.

The effect of potassium on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes. I. Growth and critical percentages of potassuim

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MF Robins
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chloride Medium ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis

Eight tropical and four temperate pasture legumes were grown in pots of a potassium-deficient soil, with varying additions of potassium chloride. Growth responses and chemical composition of the plant tops were recorded, and from these, critical percentages of potassium in the plant tops were established. All species responded in growth to potassium additions; however, there was practically no increase in plant potassium concentration over the low treatment range of potassium chloride. Medium to high rates of application increased plant potassium. Critical percentages of potassium in the tops of Phaseolus lathyroides, P. atropurpureus, Desmodium intortum, D. uncinatum, Stylosanthes humilis, Lotononis bainesii, Centrosema pubescens, Glycine javanica, Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Trifolium repens, and T. fragiferum sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were 0.75, 0.75, 0.80, 0.72, 0.60, 0.90?, 0.75, 0.80, 1.2, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0% potassium respectively in the dry matter. In this work an absolute critical percentage has not been sought, but rather a working value for the rapid diagnosis of nutrient deficiency.

Polysaccharides of tropical pasture herbage. III. The distribution of the major polysaccharide components of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) during growth

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Way ◽  
GN Richards
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Pectic Substances ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Pasture Legume

Stylosanthes humilis, the predominant pasture legume in North Queensland, has been collected at three different stages of growth, viz. flowering, seeded, and senescence. The plants have been divided into stem, leaf, root, seed, and pod and each fraction has been analysed for the following types of polysaccharide components: water- solubles, pectic substances, hemicelluloses, and cellulose. The absolute monosaccharide composition of each of these fractions has been determined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography. Most of the polysaccharide components are similar in nature to those previously found in temperate pasture legumes (e.g. Medicago sativa), but the seeds are unusual among legumes in containing no galactomannan and there is evidence of the presence of a glucomannan in all parts of the plant.

Comparative responses to manganese excess of eight tropical and four temperate pasture legume species

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MP Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Temperate Legumes ◽  
Pasture Legume

Eight tropical legumes and four temperate legumes were grown in water culture and their response to excess manganese was determined by comparing relative dry matter production (tops and roots), manganese, calcium, and nitrogen percentages in the dry matter. The tropical legumes as a group were as much affected by excess manganese as the temperate legumes. There were varying degrees of tolerance within each group. The growth of the different species varied over a wide range but this had nothing to do with sensitivity to manganese. The concentrations of manganese in the roots of two species representing the most tolerant and the least tolerant species were examined. They suggested that the relative tolerance of species depends in part on retention of manganese within the root system. Manganese treatments had little effect on the calcium and nitrogen concentrations in the dry matter (tops) of the majority of species examined. The diagnosis of manganese toxicity may be made by comparing manganese concentrations in the tops with toxicity threshold values obtained by the authors and other workers, and used in conjunction with the visual symptoms of manganese toxicity which have been observed for the various species. Toxicity threshold manganese values in the dry matter of the tops obtained in this investigation were: Centrosema pubescens 1600, Stylosanthes humilis 1140, Lotononis bainesii 1320, Phaseolus lathyroides 840, Leucaena leucocephala 550, Desmodium uncinatum 1160, Glycine javanica 560, Phaseolus atropurpureus 810, Trifolium repens 650, Medicago sativa 380, Trifolium fragiferum 510, and Medicago truncatula 560 p.p.m.

Growth and regeneration of summer-growing pasture legumes on a heavy clay soil in south-eastern Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Keating ◽  
JJ Mott
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Growth and regeneration of summer-growing pasture legumes were studied on a black earth site near Dalby on the Darling Downs. Pure swards of some annual and perennial species (i.e. Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Macroptilium lathyroides cv. Murray, Stylosanthes scabra CPI 55856 and Rhynchosia minima CQ2970) were found to be productive (rainfed, 2-3 t ha-1, irrigated, 4-6 t ha-1) over 3 years. A moderately severe summer drought (to be expected on a 1 in 6 frequency), while severely limiting DM production relative to irrigated plots, did not adversely affect plant survival or regeneration in the following season. Waterlogging associated with normally high autumn and winter rainfall did prevent perennation, but regeneration from soil seed reserves was excellent and sward survival was not affected (4 t ha-1 after 3 years). The soil studied has a moderate level of subsoil salinity (EC, of 3.6 dS m-1 at 11 5 cm) but levels of chloride found in legume tissues (0.5-1.5%) were found to be unlikely to limit growth or to prejudice survival. Observations taken over the same period on pure grass plots (Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense cv. Bambatsi) revealed the grass had a deeper and more extensive root system (459 cm cm-2) than did any of the legume species (e.g. Siratro 111-118 cm c m-2) and was more effective in extracting soil water during dry periods.

scholarly journals Field benchmarking of the critical external phosphorus requirements of pasture legumes for southern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme A. Sandral ◽  
Andrew Price ◽  
Shane M. Hildebrand ◽  
Christopher G. Fuller ◽  
Rebecca E. Haling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Pasture Legume

In recent decades several pasture legumes have been available in southern Australia as potential alternatives to the most widely used annual pasture legume Trifolium subterraneum. Little is known about their soil phosphorus (P) requirements, but controlled environment experiments indicate that at least some may differ in their P fertiliser requirements. In this study, pasture legume varieties, including T. subterraneum as the reference species, were grown at up to four sites in any one year over a 3-year period (in total, seven site × year experiments) to measure herbage growth responses in spring to increased soil P availability. A critical soil test P concentration (corresponding to 95% maximum yield) was estimated for 15 legumes and two pasture grasses. The critical soil P requirements of most of the legumes did not differ consistently from that of T. subterraneum, indicating their soil fertility management should follow the current soil test P guidelines for temperate Australian pastures. However, the critical P requirement of Medicago sativa was higher than that of T. subterraneum, but remains ill-defined because extractable soil P concentrations in these experiments were often not high enough to permit a critical P estimate. Three forage crop legumes (Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium purpureum, Trifolium vesiculosum) and two pasture legumes (Ornithopus compressus, Ornithopus sativus) had lower critical soil test P concentrations. It may be feasible to manage pastures based on these species to a lower soil test P benchmark without compromising yield.

Variability of in vitro ruminal fermentation and methanogenic potential in the pasture legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhyut Kumar Banik ◽  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
William Erskine ◽  
Phillip Nichols ◽  
Kioumars Ghamkhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Pasture Legume

Biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) is an important annual pasture legume for the wheatbelt of southern Australia and has been found to have lower levels of methane output than other pasture legumes when fermented by rumen microbes. Thirty accessions of the biserrula core germplasm collection were grown in the glasshouse to examine intra-specific variability in in vitro rumen fermentation, including methane output. One biserrula cultivar (Casbah) was also grown at two field locations to confirm that low methanogenic potential was present in field-grown samples. All of the biserrula accessions had significantly reduced methane [range 0.5–8.4 mL/g dry matter (DM)] output compared with subterranean clover (28.4 mL/g DM) and red clover (36.1 mL/g DM). There was also significant variation in fermentability profiles (except for volatile fatty acids) among accessions of the core collection. Methanogenic potential exhibited 86% broad-sense heritability within the biserrula core collection. The anti-methanogenic and gas-suppressing effect of biserrula was also confirmed in samples grown in the field. In conclusion, biserrula showed variability in in vitro fermentation traits including reduced methane production compared with controls. This bioactivity of biserrula also persists in the field, indicating scope for further selection of biserrula as an elite methane-mitigating pasture.

The residual effect of molybdenum fertilizer on growth of tropical pasture legumes in a sub-tropical environment

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johansen ◽  
PC Kerridge ◽  
PE Luck ◽  
BG Cook ◽  
KF Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

The response of several tropical legumes, grown with Panicum maximum cv. Gatton, to an initial application of molybdenum as molybdenum trioxide was studied over a five year period at six sites in south-eastern Queensland. The most responsive legumes were Glycine wightii cv. Tinaroo and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf, followed by Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River, with Lotononis bainesiicv. Miles and Stylosanthesguianensis cv. Cook being least responsive. Sites differed markedly in magnitude of legume response. For example, the most responsive site required 200 g ha-1 molybdenum over five years for maximum growth of Siratro whereas there was no response of Siratro to molybdenum application at another site. There was no difference between surface-applied molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum trioxide applied to the seed pellet and surface-applied sodium molybdate in their residual effects on legume growth. Response of the grass to molybdenum treatment was generally similar to legume response and nitrogen concentrations in legume and grass increased with yield.

The initial and residual responses to phosphorus fertilizers of Townsville stylo in pure ungrazed swards at Katherine, N.T

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (58) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Fisher ◽  
NA Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Residual Values ◽  
Second Year

The response of a pure sward of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) to various initial and annual dressings of both superphosphate and calcined Christmas Island C-grade phosphate (CCICP) was determined in a field experiment at Katherine, N.T. Townsville stylo responded to superphosphate up to at least 750 kg ha-1. Initial responses and residual effects in the second year and three-year totals were much greater with superphosphate than with CCICP. CCICP gave very variable yields in the second and third years. Nitrogen concentrations were not affected by applied phosphorus but phosphorus concentrations were increased, more by superphosphate than by CCICP. Residual values of superphosphate were derived from Mitscherlich curves fitted to phosphorus yield data, and from these it was determined that 250 kg ha-1 initial and 100 kg ha-1 annual dressing of superphosphate would give stable uptake of phosphorus at the same level as 250 kg ha-1 in the initial year.

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