Estimation of gestational age in Merino ewes by ultrasound measurement of fetal head size

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Kelly ◽  
JP Newnham
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements

Ultrasound measurements of fetal head length (occipito-snout diameter) and width (biparietal diameter) were made at 2-week intervals from about day 45 of pregnancy onwards in 3-6 year old Merino ewes bearing a single fetus, and at 1 week intervals from about day 36 to 86 of pregnancy in 4-5 year old Merino ewes bearing twin fetuses. The single-bearing ewes maintained liveweight (47 kg) during the study. The twin-bearing ewes (47 kg on day 30) were fed either to maintain weight or at 0.3 of this rate until about day 96 of pregnancy. A sample of ewes from both studies were slaughtered on days 92-94 of pregnancy, and comparable measurements taken. There were no significant effects of sex of the fetus, or undernutrition of the twin-bearing ewes on the head dimensions, except for effects (P<0.05) of feeding treatment on head length of the twins at about day 51, day 86 and day 92. The magnitude of these differences was small ( < 2 mm), equivalent to about 2 days' growth. Fetal head measurements were similar for single and twin fetuses up to about 80 days gestation. It was concluded that the most accurate prediction of gestational age was provided by head length of the fetus, with 95% confidence limits ranging from �2 days at about day 40 of pregnancy to �4 days at day 80 of pregnancy. A single linear prediction equation would be the most appropriate to use under field conditions. Verification of these relationships is recommended to check for differences that may exist between equipment, operators and breeds of sheep.

scholarly journals Can trans-cerebellar diameter supersede other fetal biometry in measuring gestational age? A prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rintu George ◽  
Umamageswari Amirthalingam ◽  
Mohamed Rafi Kathar Hussain ◽  
Vigneshwar Aditiya ◽  
A. M. Anand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Fetal Biometry ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Gestational Age Estimation

Abstract Background Estimation of gestational age plays a pivotal role in day to day clinical practice for appropriate management of newborn. The trans-cerebellar diameter can predict gestational age in cases of variations of fetal head shape such as dolichocephaly and brachycephaly or even when fetus is in posterior position. Trans-cerebellar diameter (TCD) may be useful in gestational age estimation. Aim and methodology To determine the accuracy of trans-cerebellar diameter in the estimation of gestational age of fetus and comparing the conventional parameters like head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length in the measurement of gestational age. This is a prospective, cross-sectional analytical study done in the Radiology Department in those patients who were referred to the department for a routine antenatal ultra-sonogram checkup. Results Comparison of trans-cerebellar diameter with gestational age derived from last menstrual period indicates that there is a linear relationship throughout the gestational ages. There is a strong correlation of trans-cerebellar diameter with other conventional parameters namely biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference of which Femur length correlates well with the trans-cerebellar diameter. Correlation of transcerebellar diameter with gestational age shows a R2 of 0.995 (p value < 0.001). Conclusion Trans-cerebellar diameter is best in estimation of gestational age when compared to biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference. The regression formula derived from trans-cerebellar diameter measurement can be applied to determine the gestational age of fetus.

scholarly journals Determination of gestational age by measuring defined embryonic and foetal indices with ultrasonography in Abaza and Gurcu goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushap Kuru ◽  
Hasan Oral ◽  
Recai Kulaksiz
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to determine gestational age in Abaza and Gurcu goats by measuring certain embryonic and foetal indices with ultrasonography. A 5–7.5 MHz linear probe was used to obtain ultrasound measurements from 30 pregnant goats (10 Abaza and 20 Gurcu). Heart diameter (HD), biparietal diameter (BPD), crown-rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD) and placentome diameter (PD) were measured to determine gestational age. The mean of embryonic and foetal indices were calculated and linear regression was performed. Heart diameter measurements for Abaza and Gurcu goats were significantly different on days 45 (P= 0.048) and 60 (P= 0.019). Biparietal diameter values were significantly different on day 45 (P= 0.035). Crown-rump length measurements were significantly different at days 30 (P= 0.003) and 60 (P= 0.002). We determined that HD and TD were the best predictors of gestational age for Abaza goats (R2= 0.952, R2= 0.949, respectively), whereas HD and CRL were the best predictors of gestational age for Gurcu goats (R2= 0.933, R2= 0.942, respectively). Based upon our study results, these specific indices could be applied during ultrasonographic examinations of Abaza and Gurcu goats to confirm gestational age when the day of mating is unknown.

scholarly journals Can a Difference in Gestational Age According to Biparietal Diameter and Abdominal Circumference Predict Intrapartum Placental Abruption?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
Jee-Youn Hong ◽  
Jin-Ha Kim ◽  
Seo-yeon Kim ◽  
Ji-Hee Sung ◽  
Suk-Joo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

This study aimed to investigate whether a difference in gestational age according to biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal circumference (AC) could be a clinically useful predictor of placental abruption during the intrapartum period. This retrospective cohort study was based on singletons who were delivered after 32 + 0 weeks between July 2015 and July 2020. We only included cases with at least two antepartum sonographies available within 4 weeks of delivery (n = 2790). We divided the study population into two groups according to the presence or absence of placental abruption and compared the clinical variables. The incidence of placental abruption was 2.0% (56/2790) and was associated with an older maternal age, a higher rate of preeclampsia, and being small for the gestational age. A difference of >2 weeks in gestational age according to BPD and AC occurred at a higher rate in the placental abruption group compared to the no abruption group (>2 weeks, 21.4% (12/56) vs. 7.5% (205/2734), p < 0.001; >3 weeks, 12.5% (7/56) vs. 2.0% (56/2734), p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the differences of >2 weeks and >3 weeks were both independent risk factors for placental abruption (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval), 2.289 (1.140–4.600) and 3.918 (1.517–9.771), respectively) after adjusting for maternal age, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age births. We identified that a difference in gestational age of >2 weeks between BPD and AC could be an independent predictor of placental abruption.

Estimation of gestational age by ultrasound measurement of fetal transcerebellar diameter

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Maheswari Cinnusamy ◽  
Deepti Shastri ◽  
JosephineArokia Martina
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement

scholarly journals Placental thickness: an important parameter in determining gestational age and fetal growth during ANC scan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4619
Author(s):  
Dipali Kadam ◽  
Saurabh Patil ◽  
Meenal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Antenatal Sonography ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion ◽  
Placental Thickness

Background: Gestational Age (GA) is one of the most imperative parameters required for proper management in pregnancy. Routinely GA is estimated by sonography utilising Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Femur Length (FL), Abdominal Circumference (AC) and Head Circumference (HC). In any case, these parameters have some limitations. Hence, there is need to find other parameters that may complement the established fetal biometric parameters in predicting GA. The objective of the present study was to assess placental thickness in second and third trimester pregnancies and its relationship with fetal gestational age and its role in detecting LBW and IUGRMethods: A cross sectional prospective study was carried out in three hundred pregnant women between 13 to 40 weeks of gestation, who came for routine antenatal sonography. Placental thickness was measured along with routine parameters. Placental thickness was measured at the level of umbilical cord insertion by two-dimensional ultrasonography.Results: Correlation between the GA by LMP and Placental thickness by ultrasound was done by using Karl Pearson's Correlation(r). The values were expressed as mean + standard deviation. Correlation between placental thickness and gestational age was statistically significant as p value is <0.01. Placental thickness measured in millimetres increases with gestational age in second and third trimester.Conclusions: The correlation between the placental thickness and gestational age was linear and direct. Therefore, Placental thickness is used as a predictor for estimation of gestational age of the fetus in cases where LMP is not known and in detecting developing IUGR and low birth weight.

Predicting lean meat yield in beef cattle using ultrasonic muscle depth and width measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., S. P. Miller ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Highly Correlated

The value of live ultrasound longissimus dorsi depth and width measurements as predictors of estimated carcass lean meat yield of steers (CARLEAN-S) and bulls (CARLEAN-B) was studied. In trial 1, equations were developed to predict estimated lean meat yield of steers (n = 116) from carcass weight (Eq. 1) or liveweight (Eq. 2), fat depth and l. dorsi area or liveweight, fat depth and l. dorsi depth × width (Eq. 3). Equation 1 was most precise (RSD = 25.6 g kg-1), followed by Eq. 2 (RSD = 27.8g kg-1) and Eq. 3 (RSD = 30.2g kg-1). Equations 2 and 3 predicted CARLEAN-S with similar accuracy (SEP = 23.8 vs. 24.9 g kg-1, respectively) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89) in an independent data set (n = 118). Repeatability and accuracy of pre-slaughter l. dorsi depth and width measurements were studied in yearling bulls (trial 2; n = 191). When ultrasound measurements were expressed as a percentage of the average ultrasound measurement, repeatabilities of l. dorsi depth (SER = 6.2 to 7.8%) and width (SER = 4.2 to 6.1%) measurements were similar to fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SER = 17.9 and 4.5%, respectively). When ultrasound measurements were compared to the corresponding carcass measurements, l. dorsi depth (SEP = 10.3 to 13.9%) and width (SEP = 6.7 to 8.5%) measurements were as accurate as fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SEP = 32.9 and 8.4%, respectively). Equations were developed to predict CARLEAN-B of yearling bulls (n = 82) from liveweight, 12th rib ultrasound fat depth and either l. dorsi depth × width measurements (Eqs. 4 and 5) or two l. dorsi depth measurements (Eq. 6). All equations had similar precision (RSD = 19.4 to 19.5 g kg-1) and predicted CARLEAN-B similarly (SEP = 25.0, 24.6 and 26.1g kg-1 for Eqs. 4, 5 and 6, respectively) in an independent data set (n = 109). All equations were highly correlated (r ≥0.97) with an equation using ultrasound fat depth and l. dorsi area in the independent data set. Longissimus muscle depth and width measurements were as valuable as l. dorsi area for predicting carcass composition of yearling beef bulls in the present study. Key words: Ultrasound, beef cattle, carcass traits

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