Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: crossability of native Tasmanian species with exotic E. nitens

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Barbour ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Pollution ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Natural Hybridisation

Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden has been extensively introduced to the island of Tasmania for plantation purposes. Natural hybridisation with two native species has already been confirmed and this study aimed to determine which other Tasmanian native species could potentially hybridise with E. nitens. Controlled and supplementary pollinations with E. nitens pollen were undertaken on all Tasmanian native species that are potentially at risk of exotic gene flow and hence genetic pollution. Across the seven species tested by using controlled pollinations, seed set per flower, following E. nitens pollinations, was significantly less than for intraspecific outcross pollinations. No significant differences were evident in the percentage of seed that germinated or the percentage of germinants that grew into healthy seedlings in the glasshouse. Hybridity was verified by morphometric analyses and F1 hybrid seedlings were clearly differentiated from parental species and generally intermediate in morphology. Supplementary E. nitens pollination of open-pollinated native flowers was conducted to simulate natural pollination where pollen competition would occur. Seven of the fifteen species tested produced F1 hybrids in this case; however, further crossing is required to verify failed cross combinations. Although E. nitens can potentially hybridise with many native species, the results from both supplementary and controlled pollinations suggest the presence of post-pollination barriers of varying strength that need to be considered in assessing the risk of exotic gene flow from plantations.

scholarly journals Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: exotic hybrids are establishing in the wild

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Barbour ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Long Term Impact

F1 hybrids between exotic Eucalyptus nitens plantations and native E. ovata have previously been reported among seedlings grown from open-pollinated seed collected from E. ovata, on the island of Tasmania. Such exotic hybrid seedlings have now been found in the wild adjacent to plantations at three locations. The proportion of exotic hybrids in open-pollinated seed collected from nearby mature E. ovata was 5.5%. This level compares with only 0.4% for natural hybrids between native species at these sites (E. ovata, E. viminalis and E.�rodwayi). Detection of hybrids was initially based on their deviant morphology, which was generally intermediate between parental species. This subjective classification was then successfully verified by morphometric and allozyme analyses. Pure E. nitens seedlings (wildlings) were restricted to within 30 m of these plantations, whereas established hybrids were found up to 310 m from the plantations. This pattern of establishment reflects dispersal of exotic seed and pollen respectively. It is likely that the recent expansion of the eucalypt plantation estate in Australia will cause an increase in the frequency of exotic hybrids. However, the long-term impact of such hybridisation is yet to be assessed.

scholarly journals Gene Flow Between Introduced and Native Eucalyptus Species: Morphological Analysis of Tri-Species and Backcross Hybrids Involving E. nitens

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barbour ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Current Work ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Backcross Hybrids ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Species Hybrids

Summary Morphometric analyses were conducted on second-generation tri-species and backcross hybrids in Eucalyptus. These hybrids were all produced using pollen from two E. nitens x cordata F1 hybrids and controlled pollination techniques. Tri-species hybrids were created with E. gunnii, E. ovata and E. viminalis as females, while backcrosses were produced with E. cordata. Multivariate analysis of seedling characteristics indicated that eighty percent of the backcross hybrids fell within the morphological range of E. cordata. All three cross combinations of the tri-species hybrids were biased away from E. nitens and towards their maternal parent and E. cordata. The inclusion of data for first-generation (F1) hybrids between the pure parental species in the current work showed the F1’s to be easily distinguishable from pure species, compared to second-generation hybrids. The use of morphology for detecting second-generation hybridisation involving exotic plantation species and native eucalypt populations will therefore be unreliable, and identifies a need for preventing second-generation hybrids from establish in the wild. The current work, nevertheless, provides further demonstration of the effectiveness of morphological identification of F1 hybrids. The easy recognition of F1 hybrids will be useful in identifying sites and species at risk of exotic gene flow and enable the development of weeding programs that focus on removing exotic hybrids in the wild.

scholarly journals Possible origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi based on cytological analyses of crosses between T. petropavlovskyi and tetraploid, hexaploid, and synthetic hexaploid (SHW-DPW) wheat accessions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Wen-Ping Du ◽  
Li-Yuan Xu ◽  
Gui-Rong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Triticum Petropavlovskyi ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid ◽  
Probable Origin

Intraspecific hybridization between Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch., synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW-DPW), and tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, was performed to collect data on seed set, fertility of F1 hybrid, and meiotic pairing configuration, aiming to evaluate the possible origin of T. petropavlovskyi. Our data showed that (1) seed set of crosses T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring was significantly high; (2) fertility of hybrids T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense was higher than that of the other hybrids; (3) fertility of F1 hybrids SHW-DPW × T. dicoccoides and SHW-DPW×T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum was significantly high; and (4) c-value of T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Changning white wheat was also significantly high. The results indicate that the probable origin of T. petropavlovskyi is divergence from a natural cross between T. aestivum and T. polonicum, via either spontaneous introgression or breeding effort.

scholarly journals Shattercane X ALS-Tolerant Sorghum F1 Hybrid and Shattercane Interference in ALS-Tolerant Sorghum

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Jared J. Schmidt ◽  
John Laborde ◽  
Angela Tran ◽  
Cody F. Creech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hybrid Fitness ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Hybrid Plants

ALS-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars are expected to be available for farmers within the next few years. Knowing that: i) crosses between sorghum and shattercane are likely to occur resulting in crop-to-weed gene flow; ii) ALS-susceptible shattercane X ALS-tolerant grain sorghum F1 hybrids (hybrids) were ultimately resistant to ALS-herbicides under field conditions; and iii) hybrid fitness is equal to, or greater than, the wild parent, we conducted a greenhouse study to compare the competitive effect of shattercane and hybrid on sorghum, and whether or not herbicide application would influence the competitive ability of the hybrid plants. An additive design was used where weed densities varied while that of crop remained constant. The treatment design was a factorial with two weedy genotypes, shattercane and hybrid, with the hybrid being either exposed or not exposed to an ALS-herbicide application (nicosulfuron (26.25 g ai ha-1) + rimsulfuron (13.16 g ai ha-1)), and five weed densities (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 plants pot-1). Sorghum density was kept at 1 plant pot-1. F-tests were performed to compare differences across treatment levels. Shattercane and hybrid produced similar amounts of total above ground biomass within each density, and herbicide exposure did not decrease hybrid biomass production. Moreover, shattercane and hybrid competed similarly with sorghum, and a herbicide application did not reduce the competitive ability of the hybrid. Sorghum wild relatives must be managed by alternative methods before and during the adoption of ALS-tolerant sorghum technology to avoid gene flow and crop yield loss due to competition.

Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: Early-age selection limits invasive capacity of exotic E. ovata×nitens F1 hybrids

2006 ◽  
Vol 228 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Barbour ◽  
B.M. Potts ◽  
R.E. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Invasive Capacity

scholarly journals Expression Dominance and Homeolog Expression Bias Upon Chilling Stress in A Hybrid Weed Between the Invasive Sphagneticola Trilobata and the Native S. Calendulacea in South China and its Implications for Invasiveness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Guangyan Ni ◽  
Longyuan Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
yongquan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Bias ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Or Gene

Abstract Background The role of hybridization or admixture in the biological invasion has been recognized in many invasive species. S ubgenome dominance was reported to occur instantly following the hybridization of divergent genomes, however, investigations on their consequences on physiological response were still scarce . For invasive species, thermotolerance was critical to their range expansions. In this study, a F1 weed between a chilling sensitive invasive S. trilobata and the tolerant native S. calendulacea were treated with consecutive chilling stress, Using physiological assay and RNA-sequencing, differential physiological response and transcriptome profile s were compared with a n emphasis on the patterns of the expression dominance and homeolog expression bias in the F1 hybrids. Results P hysiological assay including content of Malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity and et al. demonstrated these F1s resembled the chilling tolerant maternal parent S. calendulacea . For both parents and the F1, the numbers and categories of the enriched pathways or gene ontology terms showed extensive divergence, and an overall resemblance between F1s and S. calendulacea w as observed. For the homeologs with altered expression, expression level dominance was the most prominent pattern. With increased chilling stress, the increased magnitude of up-regulations and decreased magnitude of down-regulations of the Spc- homeologs in the F1s were jointly contributed to the ir resemblance to chilling tolerant parent S. calendulacea . Irrespective of the total homeolog expressive level, increased magnitude of homeolog expression bias toward the chilling tolerant parent S. calendulacea in the F1s also provided another line of evidence for their physiological resemblance. Conclusion The two Sphagneticola species showed significant differential response upon chilling stress. expression dominance and persistent S. calendulacea homeolog bias in the F1s were attributed to the overall resemblance to the tolerant native species S. calendulacea. Given their vigorous growth, it cations us that the F1 hybrid have great potential to expand northwards and become an awesome weed in the future.

scholarly journals Using Reciprocal Transplants to Assess Local Adaptation, Genetic Rescue, and Sexual Selection in Newly Established Populations

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jacques Labonne ◽  
Aurélie Manicki ◽  
Louise Chevalier ◽  
Marin Tétillon ◽  
François Guéraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Foreign Gene ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
F1 Hybrid

Small populations establishing on colonization fronts have to adapt to novel environments with limited genetic variation. The pace at which they can adapt, and the influence of genetic variation on their success, are key questions for understanding intraspecific diversity. To investigate these topics, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment between two recently founded populations of brown trout in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Using individual tagging and genetic assignment methods, we tracked the fitness of local and foreign individuals, as well as the fitness of their offspring over two generations. In both populations, although not to the same extent, gene flow occurred between local and foreign gene pools. In both cases, however, we failed to detect obvious footprints of local adaptation (which should limit gene flow) and only weak support for genetic rescue (which should enhance gene flow). In the population where gene flow from foreign individuals was low, no clear differences were observed between the fitness of local, foreign, and F1 hybrid individuals. In the population where gene flow was high, foreign individuals were successful due to high mating success rather than high survival, and F1 hybrids had the same fitness as pure local offspring. These results suggest the importance of considering sexual selection, rather than just local adaptation and genetic rescue, when evaluating the determinants of success in small and recently founded populations.

scholarly journals Sequencing an F1 hybrid of Silurus asotus and S. meridionalis enabled the assembly of high-quality parental genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weitao Chen ◽  
Ming Zou ◽  
Yuefei Li ◽  
Shuli Zhu ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Short Reads ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Genome Complexity ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Silurus Asotus

AbstractGenome complexity such as heterozygosity may heavily influence its de novo assembly. Sequencing somatic cells of the F1 hybrids harboring two sets of genetic materials from both of the paternal and maternal species may avoid alleles discrimination during assembly. However, the feasibility of this strategy needs further assessments. We sequenced and assembled the genome of an F1 hybrid between Silurus asotus and S. meridionalis using the SequelII platform and Hi-C scaffolding technologies. More than 300 Gb raw data were generated, and the final assembly obtained 2344 scaffolds composed of 3017 contigs. The N50 length of scaffolds and contigs was 28.55 Mb and 7.49 Mb, respectively. Based on the mapping results of short reads generated for the paternal and maternal species, each of the 29 chromosomes originating from S. asotus and S. meridionalis was recognized. We recovered nearly 94% and 96% of the total length of S. asotus and S. meridionalis. BUSCO assessments and mapping analyses suggested that both genomes had high completeness and accuracy. Further analyses demonstrated the high collinearity between S. asotus, S. meridionalis, and the related Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Comparison of the two genomes with that assembled only using the short reads from non-hybrid parental species detected a small portion of sequences that may be incorrectly assigned to the different species. We supposed that at least part of these situations may have resulted from mitotic recombination. The strategy of sequencing the F1 hybrid genome can recover the vast majority of the parental genomes and may improve the assembly of complex genomes.

scholarly journals Fitness of F1 hybrids between 10 maternal wild soybean populations and transgenic soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Yue Liu ◽  
Ze Wen Sheng ◽  
Yu Qi Hu ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Sheng Qiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Pod Number

AbstractThe releasing of transgenic soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) into farming systems raises concerns that transgenes might escape from the soybeans via pollen into their endemic wild relatives, the wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.). The fitness of F1 hybrids obtained from 10 wild soybean populations collected from China and transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean was measured without weed competition, as well as one JLBC-1 F1 hybrid under weed competition. All crossed seeds emerged at a lower rate from 13.33–63.33%. Compared with those of their wild progenitors, most F1 hybrids were shorter, smaller, and with decreased aboveground dry biomass, pod number, and 100-seed weight. All F1 hybrids had lower pollen viability and filled seeds per plant. Finally, the composite fitness of nine F1 hybrids was significantly lower. One exceptional F1 hybrid was IMBT F1, in which the composite fitness was 1.28, which was similar to that of its wild progenitor due to the similarities in pod number, increased aboveground dry biomass, and 100-seed weight. Under weed competition, plant height, aboveground dry biomass, pod number per plant, filled seed number per plant, and 100-seed weight of JLBC-1 F1 were lower than those of the wild progenitor JLBC-1. JLBC-1 F1 hybrids produced 60 filled seeds per plant. Therefore, F1 hybrids could emerge and produce offspring. Thus, effective measures should be taken to prevent gene flow from transgenic soybean to wild soybean to avoid the production F1 hybrids when releasing transgenic soybean in fields in the future.

What does Brazil know about the origin and uses of tree species employed in the housing sector? Perspectives on available species, origin and current challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-404
Author(s):  
V. De Araujo ◽  
J. Vasconcelos ◽  
M. Gava ◽  
A. Christoforo ◽  
F. Lahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Product Certification ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Better Than

Timber consumption is a complex discussion for the industry, in part because the issue has been marked by doubts about lineage and origin. This paper aimed to identify challenges related to species, origins and wood use in the Brazilian construction sector. Searches on corporate websites and face-to-face interviews were used to identify involvement by species and origin in the domestic production of timber for housing. Relevant results were obtained for both methods since their margins of error were low. Forty exotic and nine native species were revealed to contribute significantly to the construction sector. 'Grapia' and 'Angelim pedra' native woods and eight eucalypt and pine species were shown to be the most popular through both methodologies. Pine timber was found to be in greater demand than that of Eucalyptus species. Despite some lack of clarity relating to the origin of certain species, the sector's status was better than expected. However, it still requires assertive actions to increase the use of legalized wood in order to favour product certification and integration into foreign markets.

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