Susceptibility of Plant Species in Banksia Woodlands on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, to Infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
BL Shearer ◽  
M Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Swan Coastal Plain ◽  
Adjacent Soil ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Estimates of the susceptibility of plant species in Banksia woodland to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands were obtained by determining the incidence of plant death and frequency of isolation of the pathogen, among species occurring in 46 disease centres on the Swan Coastal Plain south of Perth, Western Australia. In the disease centres, dicotyledons outnumbered monocotyledons. About half of all species occurring in the disease centres were from four families of dicotyledons, with the largest number of species from the Myrtaceae, Proteaceae and Papilionaceae. The greatest number of species of monocotyledons were from the Anthericaceae and Cyperaceae. No deaths were recorded for 47% of species found in three or more disease centres. These species were mainly from the Cyperaceae, Haemodoraceae, Myrtaceae and Papilionaceae. The species that tended to die frequently in disease centres were mainly from the Papilionaceae, Proteaceae, Epacridaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae and the Zamiaceae. Phytophthora cinnamomi was isolated from 26 of the 95 species occurring in three or more disease centres. For most species, the frequency of isolation of P. cinnamomi from recently dead plants was much less than the frequency of dead plants sampled. Isolation from plants was less frequent than from adjacent soil. The pathogen was isolated from recently dead plants or soil mainly for species of the Proteaceae, Myrtaceae, Papilionaceae, Dasypogonaceae, Iridaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Cross-tabulation of species by incidence of plant death and isolation of P. cinnamomi from plant and soil, provided the opportunity to classify the response of plant species to infection by P. cinnamomi.

Susceptibility of Plant Species in Eucalyptus marginata Forest to Infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
BL Shearer ◽  
M Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Adjacent Soil ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Forest Plant Species ◽  
Active Disease ◽  
Active Centres

Estimates of the susceptibility of plant species of Eucalyptus marginata forest to Phytophthora cinnamomi were obtained by determining the frequency of plant death and isolation of the pathogen from plants occurring in disease centres in the forest. Plant species were assessed and sampled in 63 active disease centres and 17 old centres infested with P. cinnamomi in E. marginata forest north of the Preston River, south-westem Australia. Impact of P. cinnamomi was intermediate (scattered deaths) in 46% of active disease centres and high (most susceptible plants dead) in 29% of active centres. Impact in 65% of old disease centres was high. Dicotyledons (Magnoliidae) out-numbered monocotyledons (Liliidae). Just over half of the species were from six Magnoliidae families with the largest number of species from the Papilionaceae and Proteaceae. The greatest number of species within the Liliidae were consistently from Haemodoraceae. Families in which species tended not to die in disease centres were mainly from the Papilionaceae, Proteaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Dilleniaceae, Apiaceae and Goodeniaceae for the Magnoliidae and Cyperaceae and Haemodoraceae for the Liliidae. The species which tended to die frequently in disease centres were mainly from the Magnoliidae families: Papilionaceae, Proteaceae and Epacridaceae; and the Liliidae family Xanthorrhoeaceae, as well as the only species of the Zamiaceae. Phytophthora cinnamomi was isolated from 38 of the 105 species occurring in three or more active disease centres, but from only 17 of the 107 species occurring in old centres. For most species in active disease centres, the frequency of isolation of P. cinnamomi from plants was much less than the frequency of recently dead plants sampled. Isolation from plants was less frequent than from adjacent soil. The pathogen was isolated from plant or soil mainly for species of the Papilionaceae, Proteaceae, Epacridaceae and Dilleniaceae of the Magnoliideae and the Iridaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae of the Liliidae. Cross tabulation of species by frequency of death and isolation of P. Cinnamomi from plant and soil provided the opportunity to classify the response of plant species to infection by P. cinnamorni.

Susceptibility of Plant Species in Coastal Dune Vegetation of South-western Australia to Killing by Armillaria luteobubalina

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Shearer ◽  
C. E. Crane ◽  
R. G. Fairman ◽  
M. J. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Dune Vegetation ◽  
Species Frequency ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Coastal Dune Vegetation ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Estimates of the susceptibility of plant species of coastal dune vegetation tokilling by Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kilewere obtained from the occurrence of mycelial sheaths of the pathogen beneaththe bark of the root collars of dead plants in 62 disease centres.Dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida) outnumbered monocotyledons (Liliopsida), being81% of the 330 plant species found in disease centres in coastalvegetation. Fifty-one percent of the species were from five Magnoliopsidafamilies with the largest number of species from the Myrtaceae and Proteaceae.Eleven percent of the species were from three Liliopsida families with thelargest number of species from the Cyperaceae. Thirty-four percent of speciesoccurred in three or more disease centres. Thirty-eight percent, or a total of125 of all species, were killed by A. luteobubalina incoastal vegetation. Hosts on which the pathogen did not reach the root collarwould not have been detected. The largest number of species killed were fromthe Proteaceae (26% of species killed) followed by Myrtaceae,Epacridaceae, Papilionaceae and Mimosaceae. Only 6% of species killedwere from the Liliopsida. The distribution of species frequency and thosekilled by infection is positively skewed, with 40% of species notkilled in any centre and 8% killed in greater than 75% of thecentres in which they occurred. The percentage of disease centres in which aspecies occurred and was killed by A. luteobubalina issignificantly linearly correlated with mortality rating and relativeimportance. Cross-tabulation of species by disease centres in which plantswere killed provided the opportunity to classify the relative susceptibilityof plant species to killing by A. luteobubalina.

Impact and Disease Centre Characteristics of Phytophthora cinnamomi Infestations of Banksia Woodlands on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
BL Shearer ◽  
M Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Table ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Swan Coastal Plain

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands was isolated from either dead plants or soil at 46 disease centres in Banksia woodland at national parks and reserves on the Swan Coastal Plain. Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybridge & Lafferty was also isolated from roots of dead Acacia pulchella R.Br. in one disease centre infected with P. cinnamomi. Dead plants were infected with Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile in four disease centres on the Spearwood Dune System, and these centres were excluded from further analysis. Phytophthora cinnamomi diseased areas ranged from 0.01 to 30 ha in size (mean 1.6 ± s.e. 0.7 ha). The total area infested for the 46 disease centres was 71.5 ha. Impact of P. cinnamomi was high in 17% of disease centres and low in 11% of disease centres. Age of plant death was a mixture of old and recent in 85% of disease centres. Mainly old deaths occurred in only 4% of disease centres. The proportion of species dying in infested areas varied between 10-64% (mean 28 ± s.e. 2%) and was positively correlated with impact type. It was found that infestation decreased species number; on average, there were seven fewer species in infested compared to non-infested areas. Four plant species associated with moist sandy sites tended to occur more frequently in centres of high impact than by chance alone. Occurrence of P. cinnamomi was related to soil association with soils of 60% of the disease centres belonging to the Bassendean or Southern River associations of the Bassendean Dune System. Sixteen percent of disease centres occurred in the Cannington, Guildford and Serpentine River associations of the Pinjarra Plain. No disease centres of P. cinnamomi were found on soils of the Speanvood and Quindalup Dune Systems. A water table was found within 3 m of the soil surface in 48% of the centres. Disturbance was associated with all disease centres. Firebreaks were associated with 72% of disease centres. Banksia woodland remnants on the Bassendean Dune System and the Pinjarra Plain are highly vulnerable to infection by P. cinnamomi and their conservation requires control of existing infestatinns and protection from introduction af the pathogen.

A revision of the textricellin spider genus Raveniella (Araneae:Araneoidea:Micropholcommatidae): exploring patterns of phylogeny and biogeography in an Australian biodiversity hotspot

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Rix ◽  
Mark S. Harvey ◽  
J. Dale Roberts
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Swan Coastal Plain ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Eastern Australia

South-western Western Australia is a biodiversity hotspot, with high levels of local endemism and a rich but largely undescribed terrestrial invertebrate fauna. Very few phylogeographic studies have been undertaken on south-western Australian invertebrate taxa, and almost nothing is known about historical biogeographic or cladogenic processes, particularly on the relatively young, speciose Quaternary sand dune habitats of the Swan Coastal Plain. Phylogeographic and taxonomic patterns were studied in textricellin micropholcommatid spiders belonging to the genus Raveniella Rix & Harvey. The Micropholcommatidae is a family of small spiders with a widespread distribution in southern Western Australia, and most species are spatially restricted to refugial microhabitats. In total, 340 specimens of Raveniella were collected from 36 surveyed localities on the Swan Coastal Plain and 17 non-Swan Coastal Plain reference localities in south-western Western Australia. Fragments from three nuclear rRNA genes (5.8S, 18S and ITS2), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI) were used to infer the phylogeny of the genus Raveniella, and to examine phylogeographic patterns on the Swan Coastal Plain. Five new species of Raveniella are described from Western Australia (R. arenacea, sp. nov., R. cirrata, sp. nov., R. janineae, sp. nov., R. mucronata, sp. nov. and R. subcirrata, sp. nov.), along with a single new species from south-eastern Australia (R. apopsis, sp. nov.). Four species of Raveniella were found on the Swan Coastal Plain: two with broader distributions in the High Rainfall and Transitional Rainfall Zones (R. peckorum Rix & Harvey, R. cirrata); and two endemic to the Swan Coastal Plain, found only on the western-most Quindalup dunes (R. arenacea, R. subcirrata). Two coastally restricted species (R. subcirrata, R. janineae) were found to be morphologically cryptic but genetically highly distinct, with female specimens morphologically indistinguishable from their respective sister-taxa (R. cirrata and R. peckorum). The greater Perth region is an important biogeographic overlap zone for all four Swan Coastal Plain species, where the ranges of two endemic coastal species join the northern and south-western limits of the ranges of R. peckorum and R. cirrata, respectively. Most species of Raveniella were found to occupy long, highly autapomorphic molecular branches exhibiting little intraspecific variation, and an analysis of ITS2 rRNA secondary structures among different species of Raveniella revealed the presence of an extraordinary hypervariable helix, ranging from 31 to over 400 nucleotides in length.

scholarly journals Freshwater cyclopoids and harpacticoids (Crustacea: Copepoda) from the Gnangara Mound region of Western Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2029 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANNY TANG ◽  
BRENTON KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
National Park ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Swan Coastal Plain ◽  
Freshwater Copepods ◽  
First Time

The Gnangara Mound is a 2,200 km 2 unconfined aquifer located in the Swan Coastal Plain of Western Australia. This aquifer is one of the most important ground water resources for the Perth Region and supports a number of groundwaterdependent ecosystems, such as the springs of Ellen Brook and root mat communities of the Yanchep Caves. Although freshwater copepods have been documented previously from those caves and springs, their specific identity were hitherto unknown. The current work formally identifies copepod samples collected from 23 sites (12 cave, three bore, five spring and three surface water localities) within the Gnangara Mound region. Fifteen species were documented in this study: the cyclopoids Australoeucyclops sp., Eucyclops edytae sp. nov., Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine, 1820), Mesocyclops brooksi Pesce, De Laurentiis & Humphreys, 1996, Metacyclops arnaudi (G. O. Sars, 1908), Mixocyclops mortoni sp. nov., Paracyclops chiltoni (Thomson, 1882), Paracyclops intermedius sp. nov. and Tropocyclops confinis (Kiefer, 1930), and the harpacticoids Attheyella (Chappuisiella) hirsuta Chappuis, 1951, Australocamptus hamondi Karanovic, 2004, Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil, 1894), Kinnecaris eberhardi (Karanovic, 2005), Nitocra lacustris pacifica Yeatman, 1983 and Paranitocrella bastiani gen. et sp. nov. Tropocyclops confinis is recorded from Australia for the first time and A. (Ch.) hirsuta and E. bidens are newly recorded for Western Australia. The only copepod taxa endemic to the Gnangara Mound region are E. edytae sp. nov. (occurs primarily in springs and rarely in the Yanchep National Park Caves) and P. bastiani gen. et sp. nov. (confined to the Yanchep National Park Caves containing tuart root mats). Paracyclops chiltoni was the most common species, whilst T. confinis and N. l. pacifica were rarely encountered. Metacyclops arnaudi was the only taxon absent from ground waters. The copepod fauna recorded in the caves and springs of the Gnangara Mound region are comparable, with respect to species richness, endemicity and the varying degrees of dependency on ground water, to those reported from similar habitats in South Australia and Western Australia. Restoring the root mats and maintaining permanent water flow within the Yanchep Caves, as well as minimising urban development near the Ellen Brook Springs, are essential to protect the copepod species, particularly the endemic P. bastiani gen. et sp. nov. and E. edytae sp. nov., inhabiting these unique ground water environments.

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