Impact on soil hydraulic properties resulting from irrigating saline–sodic soils with low salinity water

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Bethune ◽  
T. J. Batey
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Permeability ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Irrigation-induced salinity is a serious problem facing irrigated areas in the Murray–Darling Basin of Australia. Groundwater pumping with farm re-use for irrigation is a key strategy for controlling salinity in these irrigation areas. However, the re-use of highly saline–sodic groundwater for irrigation leads to accumulation of sodium in the soil profile and can result in sodic soils. Leaching of saline–sodic soils by winter rainfall and low salinity irrigation waters are 2 management scenarios likely to exacerbate sodicity problems. Characteristic to sodic soils is poor soil structure and potentially reduced soil permeability. Two indicators of soil permeability are infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity. A replicated plot experiment was conducted to examine the long-term impact of irrigation with saline–sodic water on soil permeability. High levels of soil sodicity (ESP up to 45%) resulted from 10 years of saline irrigation. Over this period, leaching by winter rainfall did not result in long-term impacts on soil hydraulic properties. Measured soil hydraulic properties increased linearly with the salinity of the applied irrigation water. Leaching by irrigating with low salinity water for 13 months decreased soil salinity and sodicity in the topsoil. The resulting reduction in steady-state infiltration indicates soil structural decline of the topsoil. This trial shows that groundwater re-use on pasture will result in high sodium levels in the soil. Sodicity-related soil structural problems are unlikely to develop where there is consistent groundwater irrigation of pasture. However, structural decline of these soils is likely following the cessation of groundwater re-use.

scholarly journals The effects of long-term fertilizations on soil hydraulic properties vary with scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 593 ◽  
pp. 125890
Author(s):  
Xiaoxian Zhang ◽  
Andrew L. Neal ◽  
John W. Crawford ◽  
Aurelie Bacq-Labreuil ◽  
Elsy Akkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

scholarly journals Assessing the cover crop effect on soil hydraulic properties by inverse modelling in a 10-year field trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Gabriel ◽  
Miguel Quemada ◽  
Diana Martín-Lammerding ◽  
Marnik Vanclooster
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Cover cropping in agriculture is expected to enhance many agricultural and ecosystems functions and services. Yet, few studies are available allowing to evaluate the impact of cover cropping on the long term change of soil hydrologic functions. We assessed the long term change of the soil hydraulic properties due to cover cropping by means of a 10-year field experiment. We monitored continuously soil water content in non cover cropped and cover cropped fields by means of capacitance probes. We subsequently determined the hydraulic properties by inverting the soil hydrological model WAVE, using the time series of the 10 year monitoring data in the object function. We observed two main impacts, each having their own time dynamics. First, we observed an initial compaction as a result of the minimum tillage. This initial negative effect was followed by a more positive cover crop effect. The positive cover crop effect consisted in an increase of the soil micro- and macro-porosity, improving the structure. This resulted in a larger soil water retention capacity. This latter improvement was mainly observed below 20 cm, and mostly in the soil layer between 40 and 80 cm depth. This study shows that the expected cover crop competition for water with the main crop can be compensated by an improvement of the water retention in the intermediate layers of the soil profile. This may enhance the hydrologic functions of agricultural soils in arid and semiarid regions which often are constrained by water stress.

The management of soil physical properties limiting crop production in Australian sodic soils - a review

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Jayawardane ◽  
KY Chan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Raindrop Impact

Sodic soils occur extensively on the agricultural lands of Australia. The poor crop productivity of sodic soils is often associated with their low infiltration rates and restricted drainage. This is caused by low macroporosity and macropore instability, due to the presence of sodium on the clay surfaces. To achieve long-term improvements, tillage techniques to increase macroporosity have to be combined with chemical and biological techniques to improve macropore stability. Macropore stability is improved by addition of chemical ameliorants and organic matter. Maintenance of macroporosity also requires protection of the tilled soil from recompaction during flood irrigation, raindrop impact and trafficking. Adverse effects of sodicity of surface soil layers can be corrected by incorporating gypsum and by using conservation farming practices to add organic matter and to protect the surface from mechanical disturbance and raindrop impact. Subsoil sodicity can be corrected by combining deep ripping with chemical ameliorant additions, but the beneficial effects are often quickly lost under flood irrigation and trafficking. Longer term increases in crop production can be achieved by providing surface and subsurface drainage, bed farming and gypsum-slotting. Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, their application in dryland and irrigated cropping and the areas for future research are discussed. In soils such as Vertisols with high shrink-swell potential, strong-rooted crops such as safflower could be used for biological soil loosening, through deep soil profile drying. The effectiveness of soil ameliorative techniques can be evaluated by assessing the soil factors limiting crop growth during a growing season in a non-ameliorated soil, and the subsequent changes in these soil factors due to the ameliorative practices. A technique which can be used in field studies to monitor these changes through the cropping season, based on the concept of the 'non-limiting soil water range' for crop growth, is described. Irrigation management of sodic soils and re-use of saline drainage waters require an understanding of the changes in soil hydraulic properties with changes in water quality parameters. The 'equivalent salt solution' concept can be used to predict such changes in soil hydraulic properties. These predicted values could then be used in existing water flow models for assessing water and salt flow through irrigated sodic clay soils.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term soil and crop management on soil hydraulic properties for claypan soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mudgal ◽  
S. H. Anderson ◽  
C. Baffaut ◽  
N. R. Kitchen ◽  
E. J. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

scholarly journals Long-term tillage impact on soil hydraulic properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Blanco-Canqui ◽  
Brian J. Wienhold ◽  
Virginia L. Jin ◽  
Marty R. Schmer ◽  
Leonard C. Kibet
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

scholarly journals Assessing the cover crop effect on soil hydraulic properties by inverse modelling in a 10-year field trial

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Gabriel ◽  
Miguel Quemada ◽  
Diana Martín-Lammerding ◽  
Marnik Vanclooster
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Cover cropping in agriculture is expected to enhance many agricultural and ecosystems functions and services. Yet, few studies are available allowing to evaluate the impact of cover cropping on the long term change of soil hydrologic functions. We assessed the long term change of the soil hydraulic properties due to cover cropping by means of a 10-year field experiment. We monitored continuously soil water content in non cover cropped and cover cropped fields by means of capacitance probes. We subsequently determined the hydraulic properties by inverting the soil hydrological model WAVE, using the time series of the 10 year monitoring data in the object function. We observed two main impacts, each having their own time dynamics. First, we observed an initial compaction as a result of the minimum tillage. This initial negative effect was followed by a more positive cover crop effect. The positive cover crop effect consisted in an increase of the soil micro- and macro-porosity, improving the structure. This resulted in a larger soil water retention capacity. This latter improvement was mainly observed below 20 cm, and mostly in the soil layer between 40 and 80 cm depth. This study shows that the expected cover crop competition for water with the main crop can be compensated by an improvement of the water retention in the intermediate layers of the soil profile. This may enhance the hydrologic functions of agricultural soils in arid and semiarid regions which often are constrained by water stress.

Long-term effects of conventional and reduced tillage on soil structure, soil ecological and soil hydraulic properties

Geoderma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Schlüter ◽  
Caroline Großmann ◽  
Julius Diel ◽  
Gi-Mick Wu ◽  
Sabine Tischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

scholarly journals SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF OCEANOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE NORTHEASTERN SAKHALIN SHELF BASED ON THE SURVEYS ON STANDARD SECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-263
Author(s):  
G. V. Shevchenko ◽  
V. N. Chastikov
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Salinity Water ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Northeastern Shelf

The long-term mean temperature and salinity distributions on 5 standard oceanological sections on the northeast shelf of Sakhalin were analyzed for 4 months of the navigation period (July-October) including a radical restructuring of hydrological conditions in the transition from summer to autumn. The data of soundings performed during the pollock ichthyoplankton surveys were used to study oceanological conditions in June. The low salinity water formed by the Amur River runoff are shown to appear on the northeastern shelf in the first half of June after the heavy ice breaking in the southern Sakhalin Bay. Low salinity water and ice are pushed off toward the deep sea under the influence of the southern winds typical for a warm season, and an oceanological front is formed near the 52°N. This front prevents the low-salinity water from flowing southward until the second half of September, when changes into a winter monsoon with the prevailing northerly winds take place. This promotes destruction of hydrological front and deepening of the cold intermediate water layer. The waters with the 4–6°C temperature and salinity of about 31 psu occur at the shelf edge along the northeastern Sakhalin coast. A powerful stream with the relatively warm low salinity water is being formed along the shore that reaches the southeastern part of Sakhalin and northern coasts of Hokkaido Island.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document