Effects of irrigation strategies and nitrogen fertiliser on turnip dry matter yield, water use efficiency, nutritive characteristics and mineral content in western Victoria

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward ◽  
G. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Use Efficiency

The effect of different irrigation strategies on turnip forage crop growth rates, dry matter (DM) yield, water use efficiency (WUE), changes in soil volumetric water content, nutritive characteristics and mineral content was determined on different soil types at different sites (site 1 and 2) over 2 years. Treatments were: (A) a dryland control; (B) fully watered to soil field capacity each week; (C) 75% of full watering; (D) 50% of full watering; (E) 25% of full watering; (F) a single watering to soil field capacity or to a maximum of 50 mm between weeks 0–6; (G) a single watering between weeks 6–8; (H) a single watering between weeks 8–10; and (I) a single watering between weeks 10–12 after sowing. In addition, each irrigation treatment received either 0 or 50 kg N/ha applied 5 weeks after sowing. Responses to applied irrigation water were different at each site and also within one year. At site 1, responses to irrigation were adversely affected by insect damage and delayed sowing, particularly in year 1. However, there were significant increases in DM yield to weekly irrigation regimes in both years, with responses greater in year 2, and responses in both years were greater where nitrogen was applied. At site 2, there were significant responses to weekly irrigation regimes in year 1 with DM yields from fully irrigated plots almost double that of the dryland treatment. In year 2, DM yields from all treatments were similar and it is proposed that lower summer temperatures may have contributed to the improved DM yield observed with the dryland treatment. In both years, at site 2, there were generally higher DM yields with nitrogen application irrespective of irrigation regime. Turnip metabolisable energy values were consistently above 11.5 and 13 MJ/kg DM for leaves and roots respectively, with crude protein contents for leaves ranging from 11 to 20% and 13 to 24% and roots from 6 to 14% and 9 to 17% at sites 1 and 2, respectively. Water use efficiencies varied according to irrigation treatment with higher efficiencies observed at site 2 in both years. In year 1 and 2, total WUE at site 1 varied from 5 to 11 kg DM/ha.mm while at site 2 the range was 20–48�kg�DM/ha.mm with higher values being observed in year 2. As with DM yields it is likely that the observed higher WUE in year 2 was due to lower summer temperatures. At site 2, the dryland treatments produced the highest efficiencies in both years. In contrast, WUE from applied irrigation water ranged from 0 to 35 kg DM/ha.mm at site�1 and from 0 to 23 kg DM/ha.mm at site 2. This study suggests that there is potential to economically irrigate turnips to provide additional DM of high nutritional value for lactating dairy cows, however, issues such as sowing dates, soil type, and insect damage will also influence final yields. In particular, summer temperatures influence both dryland growth potential and growth responses to irrigation. Also single irrigations during the growing period will not significantly increase DM yields over a crop grown under dryland conditions.

scholarly journals Grain yield, biomass productivity and water use efficiency in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under drought stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalel Chakri Telahigue ◽  
Laila Ben Yahia ◽  
Fateh Aljane ◽  
Khaled Belhouchett ◽  
Lamjed Toumi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Five quinoa cultivars introduced from Egypte DRC (Desert Research Center-Caire) were tested in an experimental station in Tunisia located under arid climatic conditions. In order to test their adaptation to abiotic constraints; water requirements, yield (grain, dry matter) and water use efficiency (WUE) were correlated to three water stress: T100% of field capacity (T1), T60% of field capacity (T2) and T30% of field capacity (T3). Net irrigation water requirement was estimated using CROPWAT 8.0 software. The study aims to develop an irrigation scheduling for quinoa from January to Jun during 2015 season. The ET0 was between 1.08 mm/day and 4.95 mm/day and net irrigation water requirement was 287.2 mm. For grain yield, 1000 grains weight and dry matter production results show significant differences between cultivars and water stress. The seeds productivity of the five cultivars ranges between 2092.6kg/ha and 270kg/ha under full irrigation and it decreases to reach up 74% under T3 of field capacity stress in comparison with control stress. Similar results were shown for dry matter production. On refilling soil to field capacity with irrigation at critical depletion, 70% field efficiency was achieved which correspond to optimal condition, while adapting fixed interval per stage. For WUE, highest value of irrigation and total water use efficiency for both grain and dry matter  ​​were recorded to the T2 hydrous stress.

Persistence and water use efficiency of a tropical grass and lucerne on a solodic soil on the Far North-West Slopes of New South Wales

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Tow
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Use Efficiency

The persistence and water use efficiency of Digitaria eriantha spp. eriantha and Hunter river lucerne were compared on red solodic soil with a hardsetting surface and poor internal drainage, on the North- West Slopes of New South Wales. After prolonged watering, the profile was wet to a depth of 48 � 1.5 cm, with an available moisture store of 90 mm. Over 3 years, persistence of digitaria was excellent. The population of lucerne was reduced following flooding at summer temperatures, Dry matter production of nitrogen (N) fertilised digitaria per mm warm season rainfall was similar to that of tropical grasses adapted to comparable rainfall environments in subtropical Queensland. Lucerne dry matter per mm rainfall was only about half that of digitaria (3.2 v. 6.3 kg). Lucerne grew well in mixture with digitaria except under prolonged wet soil conditions in summer. Artificial solodic profiles were constructed in the glasshouse to compare digitaria and lucerne in monoculture and mixture under varying temperature, moisture, and N regimes. Lucerne showed sensitivity to both high and low moisture levels at summer temperatures but performed very well at spring temperatures and moderate moisture levels where the mean evapotranspiration ratio was 400 g water per g dry matter. Water use efficiency was higher in digitaria than in lucerne, except at spring temperatures without added N. Water use efficiency of the mixture was always similar to that of the most efficient monoculture of the particular treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION METHODS AND MAGNETIZATION OF WATER ON QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya & Abdul-Razaq
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Alternate Furrow Irrigation

This experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Field Crop Department, College of Agriculture, university of Baghdad, during two spring seasons of 2012 and 2013 to study the response of quality characteristics of sunflower cultivar Akmar to the irrigation methods and water of magnetization technology and water use efficiency. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Four irrigation methods were used as main plots, [Farrow irrigation (I1), unfixed alternate furrow irrigation (I2), fixed alternate furrow irrigation (I3) and basin irrigation (I4)], while four levels of magnetized water (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000) Gauss were used as sub plot treatments. The results revealed that unfixed alternate furrow irrigation method could reduce irrigation water by 40 %, and it was irrigation water reduced from 425 to 255 mm per season in 2012th season and reduced from 364 to 234mm per season in 2013 season were an increment of water use efficiency (WUE) by 63.5% and 61.4% were accrued during growing seasons respectively in comparison with full irrigation treatment (I1). The Leaves potassium content decreased by14.4 to 5.8% for both seasons respectively. No significant effect was detected between I1 and I2 in qualitative traits except reduction in oil percentage as it reaches 6.3 to 8.8% in both seasons respectively. Results displayed a positive effect of using magnetized irrigation water on all measured traits. WUE increased by 45.1 to 56 %, nitrogen leaf content by 19.6 and 4.8% , phosphor leaves content by 35.1 and 41.7%, potassium leaves content by 20.7 and 10.8%, chlorophyll content by 4.5 to 7.6%, seed oil content by 5.0 to 5.6%. Interaction relations between experiment treatments were significant in some of studded traits.

scholarly journals Crescimento e produção do jambu submetido a lâminas de irrigação

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Duane Corrêa Gaia ◽  
Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Mariele dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Jéssica Mariana Coelho Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Giseli Assis Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study evaluated the effect that different irrigation depths have on the growth and crop production of jambu plants. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths corresponding to 40%, 70%, 100%, 130% and 160% of field capacity. We used randomized blocks with four replications for the experimental design. The plot consisted of four plants in separate pots. For comparison of treatments, at 27 days after transplantation, the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh matter, stalk fresh matter, root fresh matter, inflorescence fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stalk dry matter, root dry matter, inflorescence dry matter and water use efficiency. The effect of irrigation depth was significant for the analyzed variables, except for stem diameter and inflorescence dry matter. There was a quadratic behavior of the variables regarding the applied irrigation depths. The maximum values of each parameter were obtained with irrigation depths close to 100% field capacity. Although the efficiency of water use was higher for the irrigation depth of 40% field capacity, the use of irrigation depth at 100% field capacity is recommended since it provided the best answers of the variables analyzed.

scholarly journals Irrigated dairy pasture yield and water use efficiency responses to summer applied nitrogen

2006 ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Mckenzie ◽  
J.L. Jacobs ◽  
G.N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Two experiments determined the potential of N fertiliser to maximise the conversion of summer (October to April) irrigation water to pasture dry matter (DM) in southwest Victoria, Australia. DM consumed increased with increasing N (0 to 100 kg N/ha per grazing, and 50 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing). Applications of 75 to 100 kg N/ha every grazing, and 150 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing resulted in the highest water use efficiencies (improvements of 25 to 70% in Year 1, 40 to 63% in Year 2). Applications of 25 kg N/ha every grazing and 50 kg N/ha every second grazing led to the highest N response efficiencies (10 to 19 kg DM/kg N). The increases in DM consumed in response to N fertiliser were similar to responses noted for N applied during autumn, winter and spring in similar environments to the current experiments. Keywords: dry matter, perennial ryegrass, urea, water use efficiency

Effects of used plastic film disposal patterns on dry matter production and water use efficiency of oil flax in arid areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463
Author(s):  
Bing WU ◽  
Yu-Hong GAO ◽  
Li ZHAO ◽  
Yong-Jun CHEN ◽  
Peng LING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Reduced N Fertilization on Plant Growth, Root Morphology and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato Grown in Soilless Culture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Hanping Mao ◽  
Ghulam Rasool ◽  
Hongyan Gao ◽  
Qaiser Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various irrigation water (W) and nitrogen (N) levels on growth, root-shoot morphology, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency of greenhouse tomatoes in spring–summer and fall–winter. The experiment consisted of three irrigation water levels (W: 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), 80%, and 60% of full irrigation) and three N application levels (N: 100%, 75%, and 50% of the standard nitrogen concentration in Hoagland’s solution treatments equivalent to 15, 11.25, 7.5 mM). All the growth parameters of tomato significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with the decrease in the amount of irrigation and nitrogen application. Results depicted that a slight decrease in irrigation and an increase in N supply improved average root diameter, total root length, and root surface area, while the interaction was observed non-significant at average diameter of roots. Compared to the control, W80 N100 was statistically non-significant in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The W80 N100 resulted in a yield decrease of 2.90% and 8.75% but increased irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 21.40% and 14.06%. Among interactions, the reduction in a single factor at W80 N100 and W100 N75 compensated the growth and yield. Hence, W80 N100 was found to be optimal regarding yield and IWUE, with 80% of irrigation water and 15 mM of N fertilization for soilless tomato production in greenhouses.

scholarly journals An Analytical View on Water Use Efficiency of Some Main Crops Grown in the Non-costal Parts of Thrace Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Recep Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Thrace Region

The article contains data obtained from evaluations related to irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE), for the main crops, irrigated at different stages of growth, on the basis of some findings obtained in the Research Institute in Kırklareli. Each of the experimental crops was sown and farmed following procedures applied by the farmers in the region, except of the irrigation applications which were based on the sensitivity of a certain crop to water shortage in the soil, during the specific growth stages. Similar procedures were applied and all the experimental treatments were irrigated at growth stages, as predicted in the research methodology, and water amounts required to fill the 0-90 cm soil depth to field capacity were implied. Evaluation data obtained from the field experiments with three major crops, grown on the non-coastal lands of Thrace Region showed, that the productivity of irrigation water, as well as water use efficiencies of all analysed crops, are growth stage controlled. The highest IWUE and WUE efficiencies of 0.87 and 0.92 kg da-1 m-3; and 1.08 kg da-1 m-3 and 0.81 kg da-1 m-3; were determined for wheat and sunflower crops, irrigated at booting and flowering stages, respectively. Each m3 of irrigation water, applied during the most sensitive fruit formation stage (Ff) of pumpkin crop, provided additionally 8.47 kg da-1 fruit yield, 8.09 fruit numbers and 0.28 kg da-1 seed yields, more than those of rainfed farming (R).

scholarly journals Apparent Tolerance of Low Water Availability in Temperate Asian Bamboos1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Smith ◽  
Richard N. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
North American ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pleioblastus Chino

Abstract Suitable plant water dynamics and the ability to withstand periods of low moisture input facilitate plant establishment in seasonally arid regions. Temperate bamboos are a major constituent of mixed evergreen and deciduous forests throughout temperate East Asia but play only an incidental role in North American forests and are altogether absent in the Pacific Northwest forest. Many bamboo species are classified as mesic or riparian, but none are considered drought tolerant. To assess their ability to withstand low water, we subjected five Asian temperate and one North American temperate bamboo species to three irrigation treatments: 100%, 50%, and 10% replacement of water lost through evapotranspiration. Plants were irrigated every four days over a 31-day period. Plant response to treatments was measured with stomatal conductance, leaf xylem water potentials, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Pleioblastus distichus and Pseudosasa japonica showed significant reductions in conductance between high and low irrigation treatments. Sasa palmata had significantly lower stomatal conductance in all treatments. Pleioblastus chino displayed significantly higher iWUE in the mid irrigation treatment and Arunindaria gigantea displayed significantly lower iWUE than P. chino and S. palmata in the low irrigation treatment. The Asian bamboo species examined here tolerate low water availability and readily acclimate to different soil moisture conditions. Index words: Temperate bamboos, irrigation response, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency. Species used in this study: Giant Cane [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.]; Pleioblastus chino (Franchet & Savatier) Makino; Pleioblastus distichus (Mitford) Nakai; Pseudosasa japonica (Makino); Sasa palmata (Bean) Nakai.

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