The relevance of captive breeding to conservation of native ratites in Argentina: an overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Navarro ◽  
M. B. Martella
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Rhea Americana ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Greater Rhea ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Lesser Rhea

The two South American ratites (Lesser Rhea, Pterocnemia pennata and Greater Rhea, Rhea americana) are categorised as ‘Near Threatened’ in the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and are included in Appendices 1 and II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The wild populations of rheas are affected by human activities, such as illegal hunting and egg harvesting, and conversion of natural habitats into croplands. On the other hand, commercial farming of rheas has been expanding in the last two decades. Studies on farms have led to improved production, not only for commercialisation, but also for the release of individuals to the wild. Effectiveness of this latter strategy was confirmed by fieldwork and radio-telemetry. Molecular studies revealed that genetic variability of captive populations of Greater Rhea were similar to those of wild ones, and they do not show signs of inbreeding depression or differences in allele frequencies. Consequently, as natural populations of rheas continue to decline, farms will arguably serve as genetic reservoirs and provide a source of individuals for repopulation. Therefore captive breeding should be regarded as having high value as a conservation tool for native ratites.

May captive populations of Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) act as genetic reservoirs in Argentina?

Zoo Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Alonso Roldán ◽  
J. L. Navarro ◽  
C. N. Gardenal ◽  
M. B. Martella
Keyword(s):  
Rhea Americana ◽  
Greater Rhea ◽  
Captive Populations

scholarly journals The number of pores per area of eggshells is not always a reliable indicator of Rheidae species

Archaeofauna ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
J.L. NAVARRO ◽  
K.A. GARCÍA ◽  
G. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
M.B. MARTELLA
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Original Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pore Density ◽  
Rhea Americana ◽  
Greater Rhea ◽  
Lesser Rhea ◽  
The One

From the end of the Pleistocene and up until the late Holocene, bones and abun- dant eggshell fragments testify to the hunting by the indigenous people of Rheidae in the Pampas and Chaco regions (greater rhea, Rhea americana), and in the Argentinian Patagonia (lesser/ Darwin´s rhea, R.pennata). The traditional method to set apart eggshell fragments from these two species consisted in counting the number pores on a given area to estimate their density. In this paper we evaluate the validity of this method with a new protocol to facilitate counting and assess its reliability on a large eggshell sample. As has been repeatedly proved, the greater rhea has a larger pore density than the lesser rhea. However, the variability of this density within each species, and even within the same egg, needs to be considered as this may lead to erroneous identification. More so when the number of pores per cm2 falls in the lowest range of the greater rhea or the highest range of the lesser rhea. In general, it is easier to misidentify a greater rheaeggshell fragment for that of the lesser rhea than the other way around. The possibility of misidentification also depends on the area of the shell that is being analyzed, since the original method did not apparently assess the density of pores in different areas of the same egg for each species. Although our results indicate that identification based on the original method is not as reliable as the one we propose here, a reappraisal of it with larger samples deriving from a larger specter of populations from both species would be recommendable.

scholarly journals USO Y CONOCIMIENTO DE LA MASTOFAUNA EN EL EJIDO SAN DIONISIO, MUNICIPIO DE PETO, YUCATÁN, MÉXICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
José Adrián Cimé-Pool ◽  
Yariely del Rocío Balam-Ballote ◽  
Silvia Filomena Hernández-Betancourt ◽  
Juan Manuel Pech-Canché ◽  
Ermilo Humberto López-Cobá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Eira Barbara ◽  
Tamandua Mexicana

ResumenDe julio a noviembre de 2016, se documentaron los usos y conocimientos de la mastofauna en el Ejido San Dionisio, Peto, Yucatán, México. Se utilizaron técnicas de investigación social, como cuestionarios, entrevistas y se realizaron talleres de diagnósticos participativos, además de la recopilación de usos ceremoniales, en cuentos y leyendas. También se llevaron a cabo recorridos aplicando métodos directos (captura, avistamientos) e indirectos (rastros). En total 27 especies de mamíferos pertenecientes a 19 familias y ocho órdenes fueron registradas. Ocho especies fueron verificadas únicamente a través de técnicas participativas. Se observó el uso de mamíferos silvestres en ritos y ceremonias, pero el uso más importante fue el consumo de la carne de especies como venado cola blanca y pecarí de collar. Por otra parte, desde la perspectiva de los pobladores a través del tiempo, se observó la disminución de las poblaciones naturales de mamíferos silvestres. La presencia de especies como Tamandua mexicana, Mimon cozumelae, Coendou mexicanus, Leopardus wiedii y Eira barbara, con requerimientos específicos de hábitat y alimento, probablemente reflejan las condiciones favorables de la selva que todavía se encuentra en el ejido. La cacería ilegal, sequías, crecimiento de la población, incendios y la deforestación son factores que amenazan a la mastofauna local. Como estrategia de conservación de la vida silvestre se propuso la ejecución de Unidades de Manejo para la Conservación de la Vida Silvestre (UMAS'S) y Áreas Destinadas Voluntariamente a la Conservación (ADVC).Palabras clave: estrategia de conservación comunitaria, ordenamiento territorial comunitario, selva mediana subcaducifolia, uso de fauna silvestre.AbstractThe usage and knowledge of the mammals at Ejido San Dionisio, Peto, Yucatan, Mexico were documented from July to November 2016. Social research techniques were used, include questionnaires, interviews, and participatory diagnostic workshops, in addition to the collection of ceremonial uses, in stories and legends. Fieldwork was carried out applying direct (capture, sightings) and indirect methods (tracks). In total, 27 species of mammals from 19 families and eight orders were registered. Eight species were verified only through participatory techniques. The use of wild mammals in rites and ceremonies was observed, but the most important use was the consumption of meat from species such as white-tailed deer and collared peccary. On the other hand, from the perspective of the inhabitants over time, the decrease in the natural populations of wild mammals is observed. The presence of species such as Tamandua mexicana, Mimon cozumelae, Coendou mexicanus, Leopardus wiedii and Eira barbara with specific habitat and food requirements, probably reflect the favorable conditions of the jungle that still occurs in the ejido. Illegal hunting, droughts, population growth, fires, and deforestation are factors that threaten the local mammal fauna. As a wildlife conservation strategy, the implementation of Wildlife Conservation Management Units (WCMU'S) and Voluntarily Designated Areas for Conservation (VDAC) is proposed.Key words: community conservation strategy, community land planning, medium sub-deciduous forest, use of wild fauna.

scholarly journals The sources of sex differences in aging in annual fishes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reichard ◽  
Radim Blažek ◽  
Jakub Žák ◽  
Petr Kačer ◽  
Oldřich Tomášek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Baseline Mortality ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractSex differences in lifespan and aging are widespread among animals, with males usually the shorter-lived sex. Despite extensive research interest, it is unclear how lifespan differences between the sexes are modulated by genetic, environmental and social factors. We combined comparative data from natural populations of annual killifishes with experimental results on replicated captive populations, showing that females consistently outlived males in the wild. This sex-specific survival difference persisted in social environment only in two most aggressive species, and ceased completely when social and physical contacts were prevented. Demographically, neither an earlier start nor faster rate of aging accounted for shorter male lifespans, but increased baseline mortality and the lack of mortality deceleration in the oldest age shortened male lifespan. The sexes did not differ in any measure of functional aging we recorded. Overall, we demonstrate that sex differences in lifespan and aging may be ameliorated by modulating social and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Micro-geographic variation of inversions in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Salceda ◽  
José Espinoza-Velazquez
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
San Luis ◽  
San Luis Potosi ◽  
San Luis Potosí

Chromosomal polymorphism for the third chromosome in Drosophila pseudoobscura has been widely studied for genetic variation in different environments or locations far apart. However, there is less information regarding sites geographically near one another. Targeting on possible micro-geographic variation in the species, a serial study was done on 12 Mexican populations grouped in four regions, including locations in Durango (DU), the border area of Guanajuato-San Luis Potosi states (GP), Chiapas (CH) and Saldilo (SA). Flies were trapped in their natural habitats using fermenting bananas as bait. They were individually cultivated in the laboratory for larvae production. In a given population sample several flies were cultivated together but only one larva per culture provided salivary tissue to observe polytene chromosomes. Gene arrangements or inversions were identified and frequencies were calculated. A total of 767 third chromosomes were studied and 11 different inversions detected. The type and relative frequencies of the arrangements varied among regions. From the 11 inversions observed, 10 were found in Durango, five in Guanajuato-San Luis Potosi and Chiapas, and eight in Saltillo. The inversion frequencies in the Durango locations varied in four cases, but only one in Chiapas, three cases in Guanajuato-San Luis Potosi, and five in Saltillo. It was also observed that there were geographical gradients for inversions within regions as follows: four arrangements in Saltillo and Durango, three in Guanajuato-San Luis Potos? and one in Chiapas. Moreover, all four regions studied showed evidences for micro-geographical variation. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to elucidate the relevance of the inversion frequencies changes in neighboring populations and also any seasonal-annual frequencies observed in the locations studied here.

Captive management and the maintenance of genetic diversity in a vulnerable marsupial, the greater bilby

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Miller ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Keith Morris ◽  
Neil Thomas ◽  
Catherine A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Genetic Impact ◽  
Captive Breeding Programs

The endemic Australian greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is a vulnerable and iconic species. It has declined significantly due to habitat loss, as well as competition and predation from introduced species. Conservation measures include a National Recovery Plan that incorporates several captive breeding programs. Two of these programs were established within 12 months of one another (1997/98), with the same number and sex ratio of founding individuals, but executed different breeding strategies: (1) unmanipulated mating in semi–free range natural habitat versus (2) minimising mean kinship in large enclosures, with the supplementation of new individuals into both populations. This study evaluates the long-term genetic impact of these programs and examines the congruency between the pedigree studbook estimates of diversity and molecular data. Our data demonstrate that genetic diversity was maintained in both populations, with the supplementation of new individuals contributing to the gene pool. The studbook estimates of diversity and inbreeding are not consistent with the microsatellite data and should not solely be relied upon to evaluate the genetic health of captive populations. Our analyses suggest that captive breeding programs may not require costly and intensive management to effectively maintain long-term genetic diversity in a promiscuous species.

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