Sayısal Yöntemlerle Belirlenen Yumurta Parametreleri Üzerine Yumurtalama Zamanı ve Kafes Katı Farklılığının Etkisi

In this study, the White Layer Pure Line that housing as individual cage system at the Poultry Research Institute in Ankara was used. Eggs obtained from 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks old eggs were collected 3 times a day in the morning (10:00), noon (12:00) and evening (15:00). Egg Size and Egg Width (YBE), Shape Index and Elongation (SIE), Egg Surface Area and Volume (YAH), Shell Weight and Shell Thickness (CAS), Number of Pores and Pore Density (GSY), Yellow Ratio and Yellow Weight (SOA), Albumen Weight and Albumen Ratio (AO) were examined in 438 eggs obtained from these chickens found in these cages which are three tiers as upper, middle and bottom. The difference in cage layer did not have a significant effect on the calculated properties. On the other hand, the effect of on all traits obtained from these calculations based on egg weight was found to be significant.

Various Trade-Off Scenarios in Thermo-Hydrodynamic Performance of Metal Foams Due to Variations in Their Thickness and Structural Conditions

The long standing issue of increased heat transfer, always accompanied by increased pressure drop using metal foams, is addressed in the present work. Heat transfer and pressure drop, both of various magnitudes, can be observed in respect to various flow and heat transfer influencing aspects of considered metal foams. In this regard, for the first time, orderly varying pore density (characterized by visible pores per inch, i.e., PPI) and porosity (characterized by ratio of void volume to total volume) along with varied thickness are considered to comprehensively analyze variation in the trade-off scenario between flow resistance minimization and heat transfer augmentation behavior of metal foams with the help of numerical simulations and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) which is a multi-criteria decision-making tool to address the considered multi-objective problem. A numerical domain of vertical channel is modelled with zone of metal foam porous media at the channel center by invoking LTNE and Darcy–Forchheimer models. Metal foams of four thickness ratios are considered (1, 0.75, 0.5 and 0.25), along with varied pore density (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 PPI), each at various porosity conditions of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9 and 0.95 porosity. Numerically obtained pressure and temperature field data are critically analyzed for various trade-off scenarios exhibited under the abovementioned variable conditions. A type of metal foam based on its morphological (pore density and porosity) and configurational (thickness) aspects, which can participate in a desired trade-off scenario between flow resistance and heat transfer, is illustrated.

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study of Strain Distribution in Capsules Deformed by Microfluidic Constrictions

We present a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) study of the deformation of capsules in microchannels. The strain in the membrane during this deformation causes the formation of temporary pores, which is termed mechanoporation. Mechanoporation is being considered as a means by which intracellular delivery of a broad range of cargo can be facilitated. In this work, we examine the strain distribution on the capsule membrane during transport of the capsule in converging-diverging microchannels of different constriction widths. The pore density is correlated to the strain in the membrane. We find that the highest strains and, consequently, the highest pore densities occur at intermediate channel widths. This occurs due to a competition of the bending of the membrane and fluid shear stresses in the flow.

Aligned Nanorods of AlPO4-5 Within the Pores of Anodic Alumina

<p>Anodic aluminium oxide has been identified as a versatile porous template material having high pore density, (up to 1010 cm-2), controllable channel length and monodisperse pore diameter within the range 20-250 nm. A number of studies have demonstrated the concept of utilizing the porous structure for directing the growth of various nanostructures. An example of this is the growth of crystals of the aluminophosphate AlPO4-5 within the anodic nanochannels. The high aspect ratio of the template pores encourages growth of the crystals in the preferred c-axis orientation. We have produced membranes of this material and investigated the degree of crystal alignment using X-ray diffraction. The relative degree of preferred orientation is over 200 for a typical membrane. Field emission SEM micrographs clearly show the aligned crystals within the pores. The inclusion of luminescent guest molecules within the pores of the zeolite has also been achieved. This work describes the synthesis, characterization and potential application of these membranes.</p>

Aligned Nanorods of AlPO4-5 Within the Pores of Anodic Alumina

<p>Anodic aluminium oxide has been identified as a versatile porous template material having high pore density, (up to 1010 cm-2), controllable channel length and monodisperse pore diameter within the range 20-250 nm. A number of studies have demonstrated the concept of utilizing the porous structure for directing the growth of various nanostructures. An example of this is the growth of crystals of the aluminophosphate AlPO4-5 within the anodic nanochannels. The high aspect ratio of the template pores encourages growth of the crystals in the preferred c-axis orientation. We have produced membranes of this material and investigated the degree of crystal alignment using X-ray diffraction. The relative degree of preferred orientation is over 200 for a typical membrane. Field emission SEM micrographs clearly show the aligned crystals within the pores. The inclusion of luminescent guest molecules within the pores of the zeolite has also been achieved. This work describes the synthesis, characterization and potential application of these membranes.</p>

Study on Crack Development and Micro-Pore Mechanism of Expansive Soil Improved by Coal Gangue under Drying–Wetting Cycles

Expansive soil is prone to cracks under a drying–wetting cycle environment, which brings many disasters to road engineering. The main purpose of this study is use coal gangue powder to improve expansive soil, in order to reduce its cracks and further explore its micro-pore mechanism. The drying–wetting cycles test is carried out on the soil sample, and the crack parameters of the soil sample are obtained by Matlab and Image J software. The roughness and micro-pore characteristics of the soil samples are revealed by means of the Laser confocal 3D microscope and Mercury intrusion meter. The results show that coal gangue powder reduces the crack area ratio of expansive soil by 48.9%, and the crack initiation time is delayed by at least 60 min. Coal gangue powder can increase the internal roughness of expansive soil. The greater the roughness of the soil, the less cracks in the soil. After six drying–wetting cycles, the porosity and average pore diameter of the improved and expanded soil are reduced by 37% and 30%, respectively, as compared to the plain expansive soil. By analyzing the cumulative pore volume and cumulative pore density parameters of soil samples, it is found that the macro-cracks are caused by the continuous connection and fusion of micro-voids in soil. Coal gangue powder can significantly reduce the proportion of micro-voids, cumulative pore volume, and cumulative pore density in expansive soil, so as to reduce the macro-cracks.

Comparison of Numerical Models of Flow and Heat Transfer Through Porous Medium in a Vertical Channel

Porous medium modelling technique has opened up ways for number of numerical studies to investigate the performance of many devices that involve heat exchanging process. Such modelling technique not only avoids huge cost and time as compared to experimental analysis but also makes computationally less time-consuming as in case of numerical simulation by exact geometry modelling of porous materials. In this regard the present paper analyses two different thermal models namely local thermal equilibrium model and local thermal non equilibrium model along with two different flow models namely Darcy flow model and Darcy extended Forchheimer model. Suitability of the mentioned models in predicting heat transfer through metal foam and wire mesh porous medium is examined subjected to variations in structural aspects of the porous medium that could be primarily represented by variation in porosity and pore density. For this purpose, a vertical channel subjected to constant heat flux capable of housing porous medium reported in literature is numerically modelled and air flow is numerically simulated through the channel. A variety of structural configuration (combination of different porosity and pore density) of the mentioned porous media are considered and among the mentioned flow and thermal models, best suited models for predicting flow and heat transfer through such medium are identified with appropriate justifications. It is revealed from the present study that, Darcy-Forchheimer and LTNE models are best suited to predict flow and heat transfer through porous media than the basic Darcy and LTE models.

The Cavitation Resistance of WC-10Co4Cr and WC-20CrC-7Ni HVAF Coatings

Two kinds of cermet powders, WC-10Co4Cr and WC-20CrC-7Ni, were deposited on 1040 steel via high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying to evaluate resistance in cavitation erosion conditions with additional electrochemical effects. Coating microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness were examined along with the topography of eroded surface layers. The cavitation resistance of the WC-20CrC-7Ni coating was found to be approximately 1.3 times greater than that of the other coating, which can be attributed to its finer grain structure, lower pore density, and the presence of high Cr and Ni content in the feedstock powder which serves to strengthen the matrix.