Control of ripe fruit rots of banannas by the use of post-harvest fungicidal dips

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
OJ Burden
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Colletotrichum Musae ◽  
Screening Trials

Five chemicals were used in screening trials for the control of black end and anthracnose of bananas, both caused by Colletotrichum musae. Of the fungicides tested, Benlate (R)-[Methyl (l-butylcarbamoy1)- 2-benzimidazolecarbamate] was the most effective. Thiabendazole and 2-amino butane also gave significant control. In a larger scale trial varying concentrations of Benlate were examined using clusters of fruit in commercial fibreboard carton packs. At 100 p.p.m. and above a high degree of control of crown rot and anthracnose was achieved, both diseases being virtually eliminated at 400 p.p.m.

scholarly journals Analysis of Critical Control Points of Post-Harvest Diseases in the Material Flow of Nam Dok Mai Mango Exported to Japan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Matulaprungsan ◽  
Wongs-Aree ◽  
Penchaiya ◽  
Boonyaritthongchai ◽  
Srisurapanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Flow ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Field Production

‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango is a luxury commercial fruit in Thailand, but post-harvest diseases infecting the ripe fruit is a major problem affecting marketability. The objective of the present study was to map the supply chain of ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mangoes exported to Japan and analyze the critical points of post-harvest disease infection caused mainly by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Risk points of the post-harvest diseases were found by examining the material and information flows from processes ranging from field production to post-harvest handling, and these were obtained from mango growers and an exporter. The findings of interviews with mango growers and observations of the mangoes in field production were that the first point of risk was cultivar selection, while branch pruning and fruit bagging were further important processes causing post-harvest fruit decay. On the other hand, it was found that post-harvest handling was significant in decreasing anthracnose disease infection; this was seen at the step of dipping the fruit in 50 °C hot water for 3 min at the processing line.

Displacements of Simulium damnosum and strategy of control against onchocerciasis

1979 ◽  
Vol 287 (1022) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
West African ◽  
Simulium Damnosum ◽  
Logistic Problem ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control ◽  
Upper Volta ◽  
West African Savannah

Regular aerial treatment of 14000 km of watercourses has achieved and maintained, over an area of 700000 km 2 of West African savannah, a very high degree of control of the larvae of Simulium damnosum sensu stricto and S. sibanum , the vectors of onchocerciasis in this area. However, particular and relatively restricted parts of this area, mainly in northern Ivory Coast and neighbouring parts of Upper Volta, experience regular and prolonged reinvasions by parous female vectors, which have already taken bloodmeals (and many of them carrying the parasites) and arrive from unknown sources probably hundreds of kilometres away, from directions probably between southwest and north. This reinvasion, now experienced in three successive years, represents the outstanding scientific, epidemiological and logistic problem still facing the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme. An outline is presented of the multidisciplinary investigations being undertaken to find a solution.

Rethinking Incentives

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Lea Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
High Degree

This chapter begins by describing an experience of Iceland that casts Samuel Johnson's claim that “No man but a blockhead ever wrote, except for money” into serious doubt. With only 350,000 speakers, the potential readership for Icelandic books is truly small; yet Iceland's publishing scene is thriving. It discusses the counterproductive effect of financial rewards as the strongest for activities that people find psychologically rewarding because they are fun, culturally valued, or otherwise meaningful. An author can experience the writing process as play, in which the creator enjoys a high degree of control over the outcome and may also feel gratified for having made a contribution to society, advancing knowledge in an area that one cares about, or the pure satisfaction of self-expression. The chapter further clarifies that people internalize the notion that doing something for profit makes it less praiseworthy and being financially rewarded may undermine the sense of pride or virtue associated with it.

scholarly journals Incidence and characterization of Fusarium species in crown rot of bananas

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kumindra Devrajh Ramsunder
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Economic Significance

Fusarium species produce toxic mycotoxins that are known to exert adverse health effects in humans and animals. No attempts have been made to establish mycotoxin-producing capabilities of isolates of Fusarium species from bananas exhibiting symptoms of crown rot. Crown rot is one of the most serious post harvest problems in banana and the disease is caused by different fungal species, principally Fusarium species. Banana, which is of great economic significance in growing countries (i.e. Costa Rica, Cameroon, Ecuador) is seriously affected by crown rot and is a major cause of fruit loss

Real-World Contexts

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Mutz
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Political ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Camera Perspective ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks at the characteristics of the experimental treatments that are used to manipulate incivility, as well as the kinds of people used in the experiments. Because of the high degree of control over the political content of the broadcasts, the participants involved in the conflicts, and the way in which the cameras covered the dispute, it is possible to draw strong causal inferences about the impact that incivility and camera perspective have on viewers' experiences of political conflict. Although the professional production quality meant that none of the subjects voiced suspicions about the programs themselves, it is still plausible that other, unidentified differences between the real world and this exchange may have altered the outcomes.

PLAYING IN THE FRONTIERS OF THE WOODWARD-HOFFMANN RULES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Silva López ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Pericyclic Reactions ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
New Era ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Chiral Centers ◽  
High Degree

Pericyclic reactions are known for their exquisite selectivity and, in many cases, the formation of multiple chiral centers with a high degree of control. With the advent of accurate computational tools, this control was translated into predictability, and the design and exploitation of this set of reactions opened a new era in organic synthesis. Suddenly, highly complex and profusely decorated polycyclic structures were accessible in relatively short reaction sequences. Out interest in exploring the limits of application of the rules that govern these reactions with ironfist led us to discover a range of eye opening post-transitional effects that are key to ultimately understand reactivity at a microscopic level.

scholarly journals Reduction of Postharvest Loss and Prolong the Shelf-Life of Banana through Hot Water Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nurul Amin ◽  
Md Mosharraf Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Post Harvest Loss ◽  
Postharvest Loss

For reducing the post-harvest loss and extension of shelf-life of banana, it is treated with fungicide or combination of fungicide and hot-water treatment. A study was conducted for developing a method to control post-harvest diseases and extension of shelf-life of banana through non-chemical method of hot water treatment. The best treatment combination was found at 53 °C for 9 minutes. Shelf-lives of BARI Kola 1 and Sabri Kola treated with hot water increased by 26 and 27.5%, respectively against untreated fruits. Post-harvest loss (decay and crown rot) of these varieties was reduced, respectively by 95% and 70% against untreated fruits. Firmness of treated fruits for both varieties was found higher than that of untreated fruits during ripening. Total soluble solid, total sugar, acidity and ?-carotene of treated fruits of these varieties increased over untreated fruits. The pH and vitamin C of treated bananas decreased over untreated fruits during ripening. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15857 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 42-47

An evaluation of thiophanate-methyl for the control of crown rot of banana hands

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Rippon
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Post Harvest

The efficiency of thiophanate-methyl was compared with that of S.P.F. (a Japanese formulation), benomyl, and thiabendazole when used as post-harvest treatments for the control of crown rot of banana hands artificially inoculated with Gloeosporium musarum. The fungicide treatments all provided some control but differed in the concentration required for equivalent effectiveness. Benomyl was the most effective with thiophanate-methyl being less efficient than either benomyl or thiabendazole, but superior to S.P.F.

Template-Directed Syntheses of Catenanes

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bělohradský ◽  
Françisco M. Raymo ◽  
J. Fraser Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Multistep Synthesis ◽  
Chance Event ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Acyclic Precursor ◽  
Molecular Compounds

The art and science of introducing mechanical-interlocking at the molecular level in order to generate catenanes - molecules composed of two or more macrocyclic components - offers the opportunity of constructing a new range of molecular compounds possessing intriguing properties. However, the topological features displayed by catenanes has rendered the syntheses of such molecular compounds an extremely challenging task for synthetic chemists to address. Their early syntheses were based upon either statistical approaches - the threading of a small amount of a macrocycle on to an acyclic precursor as a chance event - or directed approaches, relying upon the temporary introduction of covalent bonds in the multistep synthesis of a so-called precatenane, followed by its conversion ultimately into a catenane. These approaches afforded catenanes in very low yields overall and only after following tedious and laborious synthetic procedures. Fortunately, however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, template-directed methods that allow us to self-assemble [n]catenanes much more efficiently have become available. Numerous successful template-directed syntheses have now emerged - some by chance and others by design. These methods have been based upon (i) metal coordinating, (ii) hydrogen bonding, (iii) solvophobic, and/or (iv) π-π stacking interactions which have been found to govern self-assembly processes to catenated compounds from appropriate precursors. Their relative simplicity, the high degree of control with which they can be employed, and the remarkable efficiency with which they proceed has already provided the opportunity to synthetic chemists to self-assemble a series of [n]catenanes, incorporating from two up to five mechanically-interlocked macrocyclic components.

Evaluation of an organic treatment for post-harvest control of crown rot of banana

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Demerutis ◽  
L. Quirós ◽  
A. Martinuz ◽  
E. Alvarado ◽  
R.N. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
Post Harvest
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