The value of Nauru rock phosphate as a source of phosphorus for some tropical pasture legumes

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Bryan ◽  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moderate Yield ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

Using soils known to be grossly deficient in phosphorus, and with a basal dressing of sulphur (and other deficient nutrients) plants were grown in pots and in the field with single superphosphate or Nauru rock phosphate. The plants fell into two groups, those that gave moderate yield responses to rock phosphate as compared with superphosphate (Lotononis bainesii, Stylosanthes guyanensis, Centrosema pubescens, Indigofera spicata, and Medicago sativa) and those whose response to rock phosphate was poor (Desmodium uncinatum and Phaseolus lathyroides). In no case was the response to rock phosphate as good as that to superphosphate, even when twice as much phosphorus, in the form of rock phosphate, was applied. The residual value of rock phosphate was low with Desmodium, high with Lotononis, but never as high as that of superphosphate.

Polysaccharides of tropical pasture herbage. III. The distribution of the major polysaccharide components of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) during growth

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Way ◽  
GN Richards
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Pectic Substances ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Pasture Legume

Stylosanthes humilis, the predominant pasture legume in North Queensland, has been collected at three different stages of growth, viz. flowering, seeded, and senescence. The plants have been divided into stem, leaf, root, seed, and pod and each fraction has been analysed for the following types of polysaccharide components: water- solubles, pectic substances, hemicelluloses, and cellulose. The absolute monosaccharide composition of each of these fractions has been determined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography. Most of the polysaccharide components are similar in nature to those previously found in temperate pasture legumes (e.g. Medicago sativa), but the seeds are unusual among legumes in containing no galactomannan and there is evidence of the presence of a glucomannan in all parts of the plant.

scholarly journals Fertiliser requirements of luceme cut for hay in northern Southland

1992 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
W.H. Risk ◽  
L.C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Current Standards

Three field trials were laid down, on established luceme (Medicago sativa L.) stands and continued for 2,3 or 4 years. On two sites fertilisers applied were potassium chloride (0 and 200 kg/ha) and single superphosphate (0,200.400 and 800 kg/ha), while on the third site potassium chloride (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha), sulphur (0,25,50 and 100 kg S/ha as gypsum) and phosphorus (0,18,36 and 72 kg P/ ha as monocalcium phosphate) were applied. Lucerne was harvested at the hay stage with 2 or 3 cuts per year. Consistent annual yield responses to 200 kg/ ha of potassium chloride application occurred at all sites. At the site where 100 kg/ha was applied it produced about 95% of maximum yield but nil K gave 8594% of maximum yield. Responses to superphosphate treatments were recorded at two sites with the major response considered to be due to phosphorus. 200 - 400 kg/ha of superphosphate was sufficient for near maximum response. Response to both phosphorus and sulphur occurred at site 3 with 18 kg/ha phosphorus and 25 kg/ha sulphur being sufficient for near maximum response. Results indicate that a soil P test of 13 and K test of 6 should support approximately 95% of maximum yield. Herbage P and S concentrations associated with near maximum yields were slightly higher than indicated in current standards for plant analysis interpretations, but K concentrations agreed with current standards. Maintenance fertiliser requirements derived from this trial series are similar to those predicted from AgResearch's fertiliser recommendation models. Keywords Medicago sativa, potassium, phosphorus, soil test, plant analyses, sulphur, fertiliser

Effectiveness of rock phosphate, coastal superphosphate and single superphosphate for pasture on deep sandy soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
M. F. Clarke ◽  
J. S. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Coastal Superphosphate

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: II. Residual value of nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation, with special reference to changes in soil phosphorus status

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. G. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers

SUMMARYThe residual value of three nitrophosphates, potassium metaphosphate, basic slag and rock phosphate was compared with that of superphosphate in two experiments with potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation. The residual value of the fertilizers was also compared with that of (a) six cumulative annual dressings of superphosphate supplying either one-half or the same total amounts of phosphate and (b) single fresh applications of superphosphate applied once in each rotation. Yields and phosphorus uptakes are discussed in relation to the amounts of soil phosphate soluble in 0·5 M-NaHCO3.In the first rotation residues of rock phosphate produced about 1 ton/acre less potato tubers than residues of other fertilizers and cumulative annual applications of superphosphate produced 0·6–0·9 tons/acre less tubers than all residues except rock phosphate. In the second rotation residues of fertilizers increased tuber yields less than cumulative dressings of superphosphate. Over two rotations mean yields from residues and from cumulative dressings were the same. Mean yields of barley over two rotations were 1–3 cwt/acre greater from residues than from cumulative annual dressings; the residual value of the different phosphates was the same. For swedes residues from the alternative phosphates, including basic slag and rock phosphate, were equivalent to those from superphosphate and gave the same mean yields as six cumulative dressings of superphosphate broadcast at planting.Average residual values of alternative phosphate fertilizers, calculated from (a) yield response, (b) P uptake, and (c) soil analysis were: superphosphate, 100; nitrophosphates, 100–102; potassium metaphosphate, 95; basic slag, 94; Gafsa rock phosphate, 92. Mean percentage ‘fresh’ superphosphate equivalents of residues from all fertilizers were 17 and 26% after the first rotation and 11 and 15% after the second rotation for potatoes and swedes respectively.The percentage of the total variance in crop yields accounted for by linear regression on NaHCO3-soluble P ranged from 38 to 70% for potatoes, 9 to 28% for barley grain and 42 to 92% for swedes. Mean yields of the crops increased by 0·24 ± 0·037 tons/acre (potatoes), 0·22 ± 0·08 cwt/acre (barley) and 1·16 ±0·148 tons/acre (swedes) for each ppm NaHCO3-soluble phosphorus in the soil at harvest.

Comparing different sources of sulfur for high-rainfall pastures insouth-western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
J. S. Yeates ◽  
M. F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Different Sources

The dry herbage yield increase (response) of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-based pasture (>85% clover) to applications of different sources of sulfur (S) was compared in 7 field experiments on very sandy soils in the > 650 mm annual average rainfall areas of south-western Australia where S deficiency of clover is common when pastures grow rapidly during spring (August–November). The sources compared were single superphosphate, finely grained and coarsely grained gypsum from deposits in south-western Australia, and elemental S. All sources were broadcast (topdressed) once only onto each plot, 3 weeks after pasture emerged at the start of the first growing season. In each subsequent year, fresh fertiliser-S as single superphosphate was applied 3 weeks after pasture emerged to nil-S plots previously not treated with S since the start of the experiment. This was to determine the residual value of sources applied at the start of the experiment in each subsequent year relative to superphosphate freshly-applied in each subsequent year. In addition, superphosphate was also applied 6, 12 and 16 weeks after emergence of pasture in each year, using nil-S plots not previously treated with S since the start of the experiment. Pasture responses to applied S are usually larger after mid-August, so applying S later may match plant demand increasing the effectiveness of S for pasture production and may also reduce leaching losses of the applied S.At the same site, yield increases to applied S varied greatly, from 0 to 300%, at different harvests in the same or different years. These variations in yield responses to applied S are attributed to the net effect of mineralisation of different amounts of S from soil organic matter, dissolution of S from fertilisers, and different amounts of leaching losses of S from soil by rainfall. Within each year at each site, yield increases were mostly larger in spring (September–November) than in autumn (June–August). In the year of application, single superphosphate was equally or more effective than the other sources. In years when large responses to S occurred, applying single superphosphate later in the year was more effective than applying single superphosphate 3 weeks after pasture emerged (standard practice), so within each year the most recently applied single superphosphate treatment was the most effective S source. All sources generally had negligible residual value, so S needed to be applied each year to ensure S deficiency did not reduce pasture production.

Lucerne aphid effects on 18 pasture legumes in southern Queensland: a glasshouse study

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Franzmann ◽  
WJ Scattini ◽  
KP Rynne ◽  
B Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

The suitability of 18 naturalized or commercial pasture legumes as hosts of the spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) (Therioaphis trifolii f, maculata (Monell)) and the blue-green aphid (BGA) (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji) and the effects of the aphids on the growth of these legumes were investigated in uncaged pots in a glasshouse trial. The species and cultivars tested were: Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River, M. truncatula var. truncatula cv. Jemalong, M. truncatula var. truncatula cv. Cyprus, M. scutellata cv. Robinson, M. littoralis cv. Harbinger, M. polymorpha, M. minima, M, lupulina, Trifolium repens cv. Ladino, T. repens cv. Grasslands Huia, T, semipilosum var. glabrescens cv. Safari, T, pratense cv. Grasslands Turoa, T, subterraneum cv. Woogenellup, T, glomeratum, Astragalus hamosus cv. loman, Vicia dasycarpa cv. Namoi, Ornithopus compressus cv. Pitman, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro. Medicago spp. and Trifolium spp. supported the greatest populations of SAA and BGA, respectively, although high populations of the latter were supported on most legumes. M. scutellata cv. Robinson and M. truncatula cvv. Jemalong and Cyprus supported a low population of SAA while T. semipilosum cv. Safari was the only Trifolium sp. host. BGA developed on all legumes with lowest populations on O. compressus cv. Pitman, M. atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Vicia dasycarpa cv. Namoi. SAA reduced yields of all Medicago spp, except cvv. Jemalong, Cyprus and Robinson ; all M. littoralis cv. Harbinger and most M. polymorpha plants died. BGA reduced yields of all legumes except cv. Robinson, cv. Namoi, cv. Pitman and cv. Siratro; all cv. loman plants died. Treatment with both aphids reduced yields of all legumes except cv. Namoi, cv. Pitman and cv. Siratro and killed all plants of cv. Harbinger, M. polymorpha and cv, loman. Of the legumes examined, V. dasycarpa cv. Namoi, O. compressus cv. Pitman, M. atropurpureum cv. Siratro and perhaps M. scutellata cv. Robinson are the only cultivars of species which may be expected to produce reasonable yields under combined attack

The residual value of a sulphatic fertilizer applied to a basaltic soil

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Willow Tree

Yield responses d a native pasture on a basaltic soil near Willow Tree, New South Wales, were measured in the second, fourth, and seventh years after the application of several rates of calcium sulphate in the first year. The value of the residues declined sharply at first and then more slowly. Fifty per cent of the potential response by the legumes (the responsive component of the pasture) was achieved by an application of 7lb of sulphur an acre in the first year ; residues from an application of 20 lb of sulphur an acre were required in the second year, and from 48 lb S of sulphur an acre in the fourth year, to obtain the equivalent responses. By the seventh year, effects were too small to allow the derivation of a comparable figure.

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