General Explanation of Aspirin: Recent and Future Advancement

Salicylates have been derived from the willow tree bark. Acetylsalicylic acid has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Salicylate elimination happens throughout dual pathways via the invention of salicyluric acid and salicyl phenolic glucuronide. Salicylic acid is renally cleared, which can be escalated by ascending the urinary pH. Medicines like antacids can accelerate renal clearance as they ascend urinary pH. Aspirin should be used with chariness in children taking some distinctive medications. Levels of methotrexate, valproic acid, phenytoin, and disparate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tolmetin, diclofenac) perhaps escalated in children who are also taking aspirin.

Treatment of effluent from fertilizer industry by adsorption on willow sawdust-removal of Ni(II) and Cd(II) from the effluent

Sawdust of willow has been investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of Ni(II), and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. Since willow tree is widely grown in almost all parts of Kashmir, it can be a common most easily available, sustainable, low cost adsorbent for the treatment of wastewaters in this part of the world where growing industrialization is affecting water quality like elsewhere in the world. Therefore, it is worthwhile to investigate the potential of sawdust of willow tree as an adsorbent for the removal of Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution as a first step. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of some parameters such as contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, solution pH and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed for the mechanistic analysis of experimental data obtained. Results reveal that in our system adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni(II) and Cd(II) were found to be 7.98 and 7.11 mg/g respectively at optimum conditions. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were employed for kinetic analysis of adsorption process. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The efficacy of the adsorbent in the treatment of effluent from fertilizer factory has been investigated and the results have been found encouraging.

Development of Willow Tree Yield-Mapping Technology

With today’s environmental challenges, developing sustainable energy sources is crucial. From this perspective, woody biomass has been, and continues to be, a significant research interest. The goal of this research was to develop new technology for mapping willow tree yield grown in a short-rotation forestry (SRF) system. The system gathered the physical characteristics of willow trees on-the-go, while the trees were being harvested. Features assessed include the number of trees harvested and their diameter. To complete this task, a machine-vision system featuring an RGB-D stereovision camera was built. The system tagged these data with the corresponding geographical coordinates using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The proposed yield-mapping system showed promising detection results considering the complex background and variable light conditions encountered in the outdoors. Of the 40 randomly selected and manually observed trees in a row, 36 were successfully detected, yielding a 90% detection rate. The correctly detected tree rate of all trees within the scenes was actually 71.8% since the system tended to be sensitive to branches, thus, falsely detecting them as trees. Manual validation of the diameter estimation function showed a poor coefficient of determination and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 10.7 mm.