Effectiveness of rock phosphate, coastal superphosphate and single superphosphate for pasture on deep sandy soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
M. F. Clarke ◽  
J. S. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Coastal Superphosphate

Single and coastal superphosphates are equally effective as sulfur fertilisers for subterranean clover on very sandy soils in high rainfall areas of south-western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
J. S. Yeates ◽  
M. F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Coastal Superphosphate

To reduce leaching of phosphorus (P) from fertilised pastures to shallow estuaries in the high rainfall (>800 mm annual average) areas of south-western Australia, and to supply extra sulfur (S) for subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in pasture, 'coastal superphosphate' was developed as a possible alternative P and S fertiliser to single superphosphate. Coastal superphosphate is made by adding phosphate rock and elemental S to single superphosphate as it comes out of the den before granulation. It has about 3 times more sulfur (S) and one-third the water-soluble P content than single superphosphate. Four long-term (5-year) field experiments were conducted in south-western Australia to compare the effectiveness of single and coastal superphosphate as S fertilisers for subterranean clover pasture grown on very sandy soils that are frequently S deficient after July each year due to leaching of S from soil. Seven different amounts of S were applied as fertiliser annually. Fertiliser effectiveness was assessed from clover herbage yield and S concentration in dried herbage. Fertiliser nitrogen was not applied in these experiments as this was the normal practice for pastures in the region when the research was conducted.Both coastal and single superphosphates were equally effective per unit of applied S for producing dried clover herbage and increasing S concentration in herbage. Previous research on very sandy soils in the region had shown that coastal superphosphate was equally or more effective per unit of applied P for production of subterranean clover herbage. It is, therefore, concluded that coastal superphosphate is a suitable alternative S and P fertiliser for clover pastures on very sandy soils in the region. The concentration of S in dried clover herbage that was related to 90% of the maximum yield (critical S) was about 0.20–0.35% S during August (before flowering) and 0.15–0.20% S during October (after flowering).

scholarly journals Phosphorus leaching in sandy soils .I. Short-term effects of fertilizer applications and environmental conditions

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Weaver ◽  
GSP Ritchie ◽  
GC Anderson ◽  
DM Deeley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Coastal Superphosphate ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Soil Solution P

The consequences of previous as well as current environmental conditions and management practices on the potential for phosphorus (P) to be lost by drainage from sandy soils in the short term (< 1 year) were studied in the laboratory and the field. The potential for P losses by drainage was estimated by measuring soil solution P levels and rapidly released P. Rapidly released P was measured by determining the concentration of dissolved inorganic P contained in filtered (<0.45 pm) soil solutions after incubating soil at saturation for 15 min at ambient temperature. In the laboratory, sandy soils were incubated with ordinary superphosphate, coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of equal parts of superphospate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or lime-superphosphate (a lime-reverted superphosphate with 18% kiln dust) and sequentially desorbed with deionized water. The effects of the extent of leaching, fertilizer type, application rate and the time of contact with the soil on soil solution P levels were investigated. The influence of annual pasture death and summer rainfall on rapidly released P in soils that had been pre-treated by leaching were also investigated. Phosphorus concentrations decreased logarithmically in the successive supernatants of the sequentially desorbed soils. More P was desorbed from soils incubated with superphosphate and lime-superphosphate than soil incubated with coastal superphosphate. At each level of pre-leaching, the P concentrations in the soil solution increased with increasing time. The level, to which the P concentration in the soil solution increased at each time, decreased with increased extent of pre-leaching. The addition of P fertilizers increased the concentration of P in the soil solution. The concentrations increased with increasing application rate and were much higher for superphosphate than for coastal superphosphate; however, there was little effect of contact time on soil solution P levels. Rapidly released P levels after leaching increased during a period of no further leaching. Additional moisture or plant material during this period of no further leaching increased the rate and extent to which rapidly released P increased. Monitoring of rapidly released P in the 0-2, 2-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm layers of field plots, with and without applications of superphosphate, showed that sampling depth, water flow path, fertilizer management, rainfall pattern and background P levels would affect the estimate of short-term P losses. Rapidly released P in the 0-2 cm layer varied markedly with time and was higher (P < 0.05) than that in lower soil layers. Rapidly released P increased after the winter and spring rains diminished and then decreased after the rains commenced again at the end of the summer. A possible annual cycle of P in sandy soils in a mediterranean climate is postulated by considering the laboratory and field data in combination.

scholarly journals Phosphorus leaching in sandy soils .II. Laboratory studies of the long-term effects of the phosphorus source

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Weaver ◽  
GSP Ritchie ◽  
GC Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Coastal Superphosphate ◽  
Extractable P

Long-term phosphorus (P) losses and gains in sandy soils continuously fertilized with either ordinary superphosphate or coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of superphosphate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or previously fertilized with superphosphate were investigated under leaching conditions in columns in the laboratory. The soils were subjected to 10 consecutive cycles designed to simulate the mediterranean weather conditions in the Harvey region of the Coastal Plain of Western Australia. Each cycle consisted of a wet phase during which the equivalent of 850 mm of rainfall was leached through the soil and a drier phase during which the soil was incubated in the presence of moisture equivalent to summer rainfall (150 mm). Dissolved inorganic P in the leachate was used as a measure of P loss. A sequential fractionation procedure (a resin extraction followed by 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and 0.1 M sulfuric acid extractions) and total inorganic and organic P were used to measure changes in P levels in the soils. Phosphorus losses from the previously fertilized soils decreased logarithmically with increasing number of cycles. Total inorganic P and resin-extractable P were able to explain >94% of the variation in P losses. Addition of either fertilizer increased the amount of P leached from the soil and 10-40% more P was leached by adding superphosphate rather than coastal superphosphate. The percentage of the cumulative P lost by leaching decreased with increasing application rate of both fertilizers when expressed as a percentage of the cumulative water plus citrate-soluble P added. Addition of either fertilizer increased the amount of acid-extractable P, but coastal superphosphate had a much greater effect than superphosphate. Leaching losses of P were influenced by fertilizer solubility in the short term (< 1 year). In the long term, however, the water plus citrate-insoluble P in the fertilizers also contributed to P losses by leaching.

Effects of Ground Rock Phosphate and Elemental S on Yield and P Uptake of Maize in Western Kenya

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Bromfield ◽  
I. R. Hancock ◽  
D. F. Debenham
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Effect On Yield

SUMMARYThe effect on maize yields of ground rock phosphate, alone or mixed with sulphur in either of two proportions, and of single-superphosphate, was measured at five consecutive harvests. At the first harvest single-superphosphate increased yield by 1.54 t and the best of the mixtures by 0.56 t grain/ha. Ground rock phosphate alone had no effect on yield. At the third harvest there were no yield differences between sources; because yields produced by rock phosphate and the mixtures improved. The cumulative increase in yield produced by single-superphosphate was 3.58 t/ha and by rock phosphate 2.69 t grain/ha, but because the fertilizer cost ratio was 3:1, additional grain produced by rock phosphate cost half as much. The apparent P recovery ranged from 5.40 to 8.28 kg/ha, with most from single-superphosphate and least from the mixture containing most elemental-S.

The effect of rock phosphate-enriched compost on the yield and phosphorus nutrition of rye grass

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Singh ◽  
A. Amberger
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soluble P

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of compost enriched with rock phosphate on the yield and phosphate nutrition of rye grass in a calcareous clay loam soil. Enriched compost was prepared by composting either Mussoorie rock phosphate (MP) or Hyper rock phosphate (HP) separately with wheat straw for up to 120 days. A significant amount of insoluble P was solubilized from both kinds of rock phosphates and converted to water soluble, organic, and formic acid soluble P fractions during composting. MP-enriched compost (MPEC) and HP-enriched compost (HPEC) contain 0.30% and 0.34% water soluble P205, 1.94% and 1.42% organic P2O5 2.82% and 3.28% formic acid soluble P2O5, and 1.76% and 1.18% insoluble P2O5, respectively. In a greenhouse study, the yield of ryegrass (three cuttings) with both enriched composts was not significantly different from that of single superphosphate fertilizer (SSP). Phosphorus fractions of soil before sowing and after harvesting the rye grass showed that fixation of P with native soil calcium was much higher with SSP than with enriched composts. No significant differences were observed between MRP and HRP.

Effectiveness of topdressed and incorporated superphosphate and Duchess rock phosphate for subterranean clover on sandy soils near Esperance Western Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Phosphate Incorporation

In 2 experiments on sandy soil near Esperance, W. A., superphosphate and Duchess (Queensland) apatite rock phosphate were either left on the soil surface after application (topdressed) or incorporated into the top 10 cm of the soil with a rotary hoe (incorporated). One experiment was on Fleming gravelly sand which had a greater capacity to adsorb phosphorus than did the deep yellow sand (Gibson sand) used in the other experiment. Dry matter or seed yield of subterranean clover and phosphorus content of dry herbage or seed were used as indicators of the effectiveness of the phosphorus treatments. Compared with topdressed superphosphate, incorporation of superphosphate did not greatly influence its effectiveness on the Gibson soil, but reduced its effectiveness by about 20% on the Fleming soil. Relative to topdressed rock phosphate, incorporation of rock phosphate almost doubled its effectiveness on the Fleming soil, and improved its effectiveness by about 1.5 times on the Gibson soil. Superphosphate was the more effective fertiliser. Relative to topdressed superphosphate, the effectiveness of topdressed and incorporated Duchess rock phosphate, respectively, was about 15 and 30% on the Fleming soil, and about 25 and 40% on the Gibson soil. There was no evidence of any leaching of phosphorus from Duchess rock phosphate from the 0-10 cm layer of either soil, nor of superphosphate on the Fleming soil. However, on the Gibson soil, there was some leaching of superphosphate to below 10cm, but not below 20 cm.

scholarly journals Use of single superphosphate fertiliser produced using Eppawala rock phosphate as a source of phosphorous for rice cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
CP Udawatte ◽  
PVA Panagoda ◽  
WMADB Wickramasinghe ◽  
JDH Wijewardena ◽  
DN Sirisena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Single Superphosphate

scholarly journals Evaluation of phosphorus sources on performance, organ weight and blood parameters of pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Oliveira Teixeira ◽  
Eduardo Terra Nogueira ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Vanusa Patrícia de Araújo Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Magno Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Different Sources

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different sources of phosphorus on performance, organ weight and blood parameters of pigs. One hundred and twelve pigs with body weight 28.65±2.82kg were distributed into randomized blocks, in a 8 × 2 factorial scheme (eight sources of phosphorus × two sexes), with four repetitions for males and three for females, with two animals per pen. The pigs were fed diets containing: dicalcium phosphate (DCP); monodicalcium phosphate (MCP); triple superphosphate (TS); single superphosphate (SS), Catalão-rock phosphate (ROCK), mix of sources (MIX), phosphoric acid (PAc) or a diet without any supplemental source of phosphorus (CONT). At 60 and 90kg, all pigs were weighed and blood samples were collected to determine alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and one animal per pen was killed to weigh the liver and kidneys and evaluate carcass yield. The use of diet CONT reduced the weight gain and feed intake, worsened feed:gain ratio and increased the relative weight of the kidneys, APA and Ca, and decreased blood P. The sources DCP, MCP, TS and PAc reduced the APA and maintained the P and Ca in the blood constant. Phosphorus sources TS, SS, ROCK and MIX generate similar levels of APA in pigs from 30 to 90kg to the diet without inorganic source of phosphorus without affecting their performance.

The value of Nauru rock phosphate as a source of phosphorus for some tropical pasture legumes

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Bryan ◽  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moderate Yield ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

Using soils known to be grossly deficient in phosphorus, and with a basal dressing of sulphur (and other deficient nutrients) plants were grown in pots and in the field with single superphosphate or Nauru rock phosphate. The plants fell into two groups, those that gave moderate yield responses to rock phosphate as compared with superphosphate (Lotononis bainesii, Stylosanthes guyanensis, Centrosema pubescens, Indigofera spicata, and Medicago sativa) and those whose response to rock phosphate was poor (Desmodium uncinatum and Phaseolus lathyroides). In no case was the response to rock phosphate as good as that to superphosphate, even when twice as much phosphorus, in the form of rock phosphate, was applied. The residual value of rock phosphate was low with Desmodium, high with Lotononis, but never as high as that of superphosphate.

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