Response of leaf water status, stomatal characteristics, photosynthesis and yield in black gram and green gram genotypes to soil water deficit

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaswatee Baroowa ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Sreyashi Paul ◽  
Kushal Kumar Baruah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses constraining crop productivity worldwide. The objective of the present study was to investigate the differences in drought tolerance at leaf and stomatal level of black gram (genotypes: T9, KU 301, PU 19, USJD 113) and green gram (genotypes: Pratap, SG 21–5, SGC 16, TMB 37). Drought was applied for fifteen consecutive days at flowering stage (35 days after sowing). Mid-day leaf water potential (ΨL), leaf area, photosynthesis rate (PN), leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance (gs) and seed yield of drought- treated plants were calculated relative to those of well watered plants. Stomatal characteristics were observed in terms of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal aperture size (SA). Among the studied genotypes, T9 (black gram) and Pratap (green gram) proved their better tolerance capacity to drought by maintaining higher leaf area, ΨL, PN, leaf chlorophyll, gs and SA which contributed to better seed yield. Between the two crops, green gram appeared to be affected to a greater extent, as it experienced higher reduction in yield than black gram. A highly significant positive correlation (level 0.01) of seed yield was obtained with leaf area, ΨL, PN, leaf chlorophyll, gs and SA, whereas SF was found to be poorly correlated with seed yield.

Divergence in plant water-use strategies in semiarid woody species

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael H. Nolan ◽  
Kendal A. Fairweather ◽  
Tonantzin Tarin ◽  
Nadia S. Santini ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Partitioning of water resources amongst plant species within a single climate envelope is possible if the species differ in key hydraulic traits. We examined 11 bivariate trait relationships across nine woody species found in the Ti-Tree basin of central Australia. We found that species with limited access to soil moisture, evidenced by low pre-dawn leaf water potential, displayed anisohydric behaviour (e.g. large seasonal fluctuations in minimum leaf water potential), had greater sapwood density and lower osmotic potential at full turgor. Osmotic potential at full turgor was positively correlated with the leaf water potential at turgor loss, which was, in turn, positively correlated with the water potential at incipient stomatal closure. We also observed divergent behaviour in two species of Mulga, a complex of closely related Acacia species which range from tall shrubs to low trees and dominate large areas of arid and semiarid Australia. These Mulga species had much lower minimum leaf water potentials and lower specific leaf area compared with the other seven species. Finally, one species, Hakea macrocarpa A.Cunn ex.R.Br., had traits that may allow it to tolerate seasonal dryness (through possession of small specific leaf area and cavitation resistant xylem) despite exhibiting cellular water relations that were similar to groundwater-dependent species. We conclude that traits related to water transport and leaf water status differ across species that experience differences in soil water availability and that this enables a diversity of species to exist in this low rainfall environment.

scholarly journals Grazing winter wheat relieves plant water stress and transiently enhances photosynthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Harrison ◽  
Walter M. Kelman ◽  
Andrew D. Moore ◽  
John R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
The Impact

To model the impact of grazing on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we measured photosynthesis in the field. Grazing may affect photosynthesis as a consequence of changes to leaf water status, nitrogen content per unit leaf area (Na) or photosynthetic enzyme activity. While light-saturated CO2 assimilation rates (Asat) of field-grown wheat were unchanged during grazing, Asat transiently increased by 33–68% compared with ungrazed leaves over a 2- to 4-week period after grazing ended. Grazing reduced leaf mass per unit area, increased stomatal conductance and increased intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) by 36–38%, 88–169% and 17–20%, respectively. Grazing did not alter Na. Using a photosynthesis model, we demonstrated that the increase in Asat after grazing required an increase in Rubisco activity of up to 53%, whereas the increase in Ci could only increase Asat by up to 13%. Increased Rubisco activity was associated with a partial alleviation of leaf water stress. We observed a 68% increase in leaf water potential of grazed plants that could be attributed to reduced leaf area index and canopy evaporative demand, as well as to increased rainfall infiltration into soil. The grazing of rain-fed grain cereals may be tailored to relieve plant water stress and enhance leaf photosynthesis.

Drought Effects on Transpiration and Leaf Water Status of Cowpea in Controlled Environments

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Hall ◽  
E Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Controlled Environments

The factors responsible for the extreme drought avoidance of cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] previously observed in several field environments were investigated. Drought avoidance is defined as the extent to which high plant water potentials are maintained in the presence of environmental drought. Cowpeas were grown in controlled environments and subjected to either frequent irrigation or progressive drought. Plants in the drought treatment were grown for up to 2 months on 2-2.5 litres per plant of available water supplied 5 days after emergence. Transpiration of whole plants was determined by pot weighing, and leaf water status was determined with a pressure chamber. Well watered cowpeas avoided drought by two mechanisms: by avoiding water loss, because at constant air temperature transpiration increased only slightly with increases in vapour pressure deficit from 20 to 40 mbar; and due to an efficient water transport system which resulted in only small decreases in pressure chamber values with increases in transpiration at high rates of transpiration. Non-irrigated cowpeas avoided drought by maintaining low transpiration rates due to reduced leaf area and reduced transpiration per unit leaf area compared with irrigated plants.

Leaf water status evaluation and its associations in green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under rainfed environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
K. D. Sharma ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Yadav ◽  
Karmal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Leaf Water Status

Employment of artificial neural networks for non-invasive estimation of leaf water status using color features: a case study in Spathiphyllum wallisii

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Taheri-Garavand ◽  
Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Soodabeh Fatahi ◽  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Majd
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Artificial Neural

Visual estimation of plant water status in cereals

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Breeding Programmes

SummaryThe potential offered for plant breeding programmes by visual scoring techniques for plant water status was investigated in rice and spring wheat. It was found that differing plant morphology could seriously bias visual estimates of leaf water potential, particularly in spring wheat. In spite of this problem, it was found that at least for rice, this type of approach may have potential in future breeding programmes where an estimate of leaf water status is required, such as those for drought tolerance, so long as a high intensity of selection is not necessary.

scholarly journals Diurnal Regulation of Leaf Water Status in High- and Low-Mannitol Olive Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bianco ◽  
Giuseppe Avellone
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Diurnal Regulation
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