Systematics of the Australian orb-weaving spider genus Demadiana with comments on the generic classification of the Arkyinae (Araneae:Araneidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker W. Framenau ◽  
Nikolaj Scharff ◽  
Mark S. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Australasian Region

The orb-weaving spider subfamily Arkyinae L. Koch, 1872 is exclusively found in the Australasian region and its taxonomy and the systematic relationships within and between genera of this subfamily are poorly understood. We here revise the arkyine genus Demadiana Strand, 1929 to include six Australian species, four of which are described as new: Demadiana simplex (Karsch, 1878) (type species), D. carrai, sp. nov., D. cerula (Simon, 1908), comb. nov., D. complicata, sp. nov., D. diabolus, sp. nov., and D. milledgei, sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis based on an updated araneid morphological data matrix including 57 genera of orb-weaving spiders identified Demadiana as a member of the araneid subfamily Arkyinae. A separate phylogenetic analysis for the genus at the species level showed little resolution within Demadiana, but did identify a monophyletic Demadiana supported by three putative synapomorphies: small unique setal pits with spherical sockets covering the carapace, sternum and the bases of the paturon (chelicerae), an extreme elongation of the trumpet-like aggregate spigots of the posterior lateral spinnerets and a distinct curvature of the embolus. We detail several new generic and species synonymies within Arkyinae. Aerea Urquhart, 1891 (type species Aerea alticephala Urquhart, 1891) and Neoarchemorus Mascord, 1968 (type species N. speechleyi Mascord, 1968) are regarded as junior synonyms of Arkys Walckenaer, 1837 (type species A. lancearius Walckenaer, 1837), resulting in Arkys speechleyi (Mascord, 1968), comb. nov. Aerea magnifica Urquhart, 1893 and Archemorus simsoni Simon, 1893 are regarded as junior synonyms of Aerea alticephala Urquhart, 1891, and Arkys nitidiceps Simon, 1908 is proposed as a junior synonym of Arkys walckenaeri Simon, 1879.

scholarly journals The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phil J. Sirvid
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Recent Establishment

<p>The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to test two competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand spider fauna. The New Zealand thomisids are also given their first full taxonomic revision. The two origin models essentially represent species radiations following recent dispersal or ancient vicariance events. Modern distribution data suggested that the stephanopines are poor dispersers and may provide evidence demonstrating a long period of separation from Australia; while in contrast, thomisines are known to be excellent dispersers. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cytochrome c suboxidase subunit I (COI), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), histone H3 (H3), NADH dehyrogenase 1 (ND1) data and a combined genetic dataset was undertaken. Results indicate New Zealand stephanopines and thomisines form distinct endemic groups separate from sampled Australian species and appear to have separated from them around 5-6 million years ago. Additionally, genetic data from this study showed i) colour variations are not indicative of cryptic species; ii) previously described species are genetically distinct; iii) several suspected new species are also genetically distinct; iv) the relatively recent establishment of two Australian stephanopines and the occurrence of similar COI haplotypes in disjunct locations suggest that the dispersal ability of stephanopines is greater than previously thought and that radiation following colonization from Australia is a plausible explanation for the current diversity of the New Zealand thomisid biota. The taxonomic revision raises the number of described species from eight to eleven based on a combination of morphological and genetic data. In the stephanopines, Bryantymella Gen. nov. is erected to contain the type species Bryantymella angularis (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. as well as B. angulata (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., B. thorini sp. nov. and B. brevirostris sp. nov. Two Australian species, Sidymella longipes (Koch, 1874) and S. trapezia (Koch, 1874), are also recorded for New Zealand. Sidymella benhami (Hogg, 1910) is considered to be a junior synonym of Bryantymella angulata (Urquhart, 1885). In the thomisines, all species are now included in the previously monotypic genus Cymbachina Bryant, 1933. The genus now encompasses the type species C. albobrunnea (Urquhart, 1893), C. ambara (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., C. albolimbata (L. Koch, 1893) comb. nov., C. sphaeroides (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. and D. urquharti sp. nov. Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 is regarded as a junior synonym of C. ambara (L. Koch 1893). All previously described species are redescribed to a modern standard and sexes for some species are described for the first time. Three new species are described. Photographs of adults and diagnostic genitalic characters are included, as are diagnostic keys and updated synonymic, geographic and biological information. Overall, this study indicates that New Zealand thomisids appear to have split from their Australian relatives some 5-6 million years ago and taken in concert with the recent establishment of two Australian stephanopine species, it appears that dispersal to New Zealand by Australian colonists and subsequent radiation into endemic New Zealand forms is a plausible explanation for the current state of the fauna. Genetic and morphological data are mutually supporting and in concert have helped inform the first taxonomic revision ever undertaken for this family in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phil J. Sirvid
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Recent Establishment

<p>The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to test two competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand spider fauna. The New Zealand thomisids are also given their first full taxonomic revision. The two origin models essentially represent species radiations following recent dispersal or ancient vicariance events. Modern distribution data suggested that the stephanopines are poor dispersers and may provide evidence demonstrating a long period of separation from Australia; while in contrast, thomisines are known to be excellent dispersers. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cytochrome c suboxidase subunit I (COI), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), histone H3 (H3), NADH dehyrogenase 1 (ND1) data and a combined genetic dataset was undertaken. Results indicate New Zealand stephanopines and thomisines form distinct endemic groups separate from sampled Australian species and appear to have separated from them around 5-6 million years ago. Additionally, genetic data from this study showed i) colour variations are not indicative of cryptic species; ii) previously described species are genetically distinct; iii) several suspected new species are also genetically distinct; iv) the relatively recent establishment of two Australian stephanopines and the occurrence of similar COI haplotypes in disjunct locations suggest that the dispersal ability of stephanopines is greater than previously thought and that radiation following colonization from Australia is a plausible explanation for the current diversity of the New Zealand thomisid biota. The taxonomic revision raises the number of described species from eight to eleven based on a combination of morphological and genetic data. In the stephanopines, Bryantymella Gen. nov. is erected to contain the type species Bryantymella angularis (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. as well as B. angulata (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., B. thorini sp. nov. and B. brevirostris sp. nov. Two Australian species, Sidymella longipes (Koch, 1874) and S. trapezia (Koch, 1874), are also recorded for New Zealand. Sidymella benhami (Hogg, 1910) is considered to be a junior synonym of Bryantymella angulata (Urquhart, 1885). In the thomisines, all species are now included in the previously monotypic genus Cymbachina Bryant, 1933. The genus now encompasses the type species C. albobrunnea (Urquhart, 1893), C. ambara (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., C. albolimbata (L. Koch, 1893) comb. nov., C. sphaeroides (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. and D. urquharti sp. nov. Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 is regarded as a junior synonym of C. ambara (L. Koch 1893). All previously described species are redescribed to a modern standard and sexes for some species are described for the first time. Three new species are described. Photographs of adults and diagnostic genitalic characters are included, as are diagnostic keys and updated synonymic, geographic and biological information. Overall, this study indicates that New Zealand thomisids appear to have split from their Australian relatives some 5-6 million years ago and taken in concert with the recent establishment of two Australian stephanopine species, it appears that dispersal to New Zealand by Australian colonists and subsequent radiation into endemic New Zealand forms is a plausible explanation for the current state of the fauna. Genetic and morphological data are mutually supporting and in concert have helped inform the first taxonomic revision ever undertaken for this family in New Zealand.</p>

Philippinozercon, a new genus of Heterozerconidae (Parasitiformes: Mesostigmata), with description of all active instars

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4540 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
BEVERLY S. GERDEMAN ◽  
RUFINO C. GARCIA ◽  
ANDREW HERCZAK ◽  
HANS KLOMPEN
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
The Family

The generic classification of millipede associated Heterozerconidae in the Oriental region is revised. The genus Allozercon Vitzthum is re-diagnosed and Asioheterozercon Fain is designated as an subjective junior synonym of Allozercon. Philippinozercon gen. nov., with the type species P. makilingensis sp. nov., is described for all instars. This genus may be endemic for the Philippines, but is quite widespread in that country. All immature instars are described, making this the second species of Heterozerconidae known for all instars. The morphology of the immatures is compared with that of immatures of the temperate species Narceoheterozercon ohioensis and unnamed species from Brazil and Thailand. All immatures were collected from millipede frass and litter, never from millipedes. Adults are associated with millipedes in the family Trigoniulidae (Spirobolida). 

Integrative Taxonomy of Australian Metopia (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae) Reveals a New Species and Challenges Traditional Phylogeny

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas P Johnston ◽  
James F Wallman ◽  
Thomas Pape
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Generic Relationships

Abstract A taxonomic revision of all Australian species of Metopia Meigen (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae) is completed using an integrated approach combining molecular and morphological data. Metopia nudibasis (Malloch) is redescribed as a species complex and a new endemic Australian species, Metopia sputnik sp. n., is described. Evidence is presented that Metopia sauteri (Townsend) is absent from Australia and this species is therefore removed from the known Australian fauna. Molecular phylogenetics is used to reconstruct interspecific and generic relationships and support morphology-based species hypotheses. Phylogenetic analysis splits Metopia Meigen into two clades, separated by Aenigmetopia Malloch, rendering the former genus nonmonophyletic. The implications of this are discussed.

Generic concepts in the Platycrinitidae Austin and Austin, 1842 (class Crinoidea)

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Thomas W. Kammer
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges

Platycrinitesis traditionally one of the more recognizable crinoids, a camerate crinoid with very few if any fixed brachials or interradials and a helically twisted column. Accordingly, many taxa have been assigned to this genus. With a better understanding of the Platycrinitidae, these characters actually unite the family Platycrinitidae rather than the genus. Further, use of different genus-diagnostic characters in Western Europe versus North America has resulted in a confused systematics for this important late Paleozoic family. Here, we objectively define genera within the Platycrinitidae and assign all species to either newly defined or newly named genera. A phylogenetic hypothesis, incorporating both parsimony-based character analysis and stratigraphic ranges, of the genera within the Platycrinitidae is presented.With consideration of the type species,Platycrinites laevisMiller, 1821,Platycrinitessensu stricto is distinguished fromPlatycrinitessensu lato, which is used for species that cannot be assigned with confidence to any objectively defined genus. New genera areArtaocrinusn. gen.,Collicrinusn. gen.,Elegantocrinusn. gen., andLaticrinusn. gen.; andExsulacrinusBowsher and Strimple, 1986 is designated a junior synonym ofPlatycrinitess.s.Collicrinus shumardin. gen. and sp.,Laticrinus owenin. gen. and sp., andLaticrinus wachsmuthin. gen. and sp. are described; andPlatycrinites formosus approximatus(Miller and Gurley, 1896a) is designated a junior synonym ofPlatycrinites formosus(Miller and Gurley, 1895a), which is reassigned here toCollicrinusn. gen.Platycrinitess.s. now includes 14 species and species-level taxa, and 76 species are assigned toPlatycrinitess.l. Ten species are designated nomina dubia, as are taxa based solely on columnals or pluricolumnals. Two species are designated nomina nuda, and two are transferred to genera outside of the Platycrinitidae. In addition, twenty-seven species and four open-nomenclature taxa are each reassigned to a different genus.

scholarly journals A supplement to the checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) with notes on their tribal classification

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1032 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW B.T. SMITH ◽  
ARTHUR V. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Tribal Classification

The checklist of the New World Melolonthinae published in 2003 by Evans is updated to 30 June 2005. Corrections and omissions to the previous checklist are also noted and necessary taxonomic changes are made. Melolontha elongata Fabricius, 1792 is designated as the type species of Philochloenia Dejean, 1833, syn. nov. thereby placing this genus as a junior synonym of Dichelonyx Harris, 1827. Phyllophaga guatemalica (Moser, 1918), syn. nov. and Phyllophaga longiclava (Moser, 1918), syn. nov. are placed in synonymy with Phyllophaga ravida (Blanchard, 1851). The Australian genus Deuterocaulobius Dalla Torre, 1912, stat. nov. is brought out of synonymy and considered the valid name for “Phyllochlaenia Blanchard, 1846.” Warwickia, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for the junior homonym Benedictia Sanderson, 1939 (non Dybowski, 1875) and consequently, Warwickia pilosa (Sanderson, 1939), comb. nov. is a new combination for the single species in this genus. A brief overview of the tribal classification of Melolonthinae is presented.

Redefining the generic limits of Winthemia (Diptera : Tachinidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego J. Inclán ◽  
John O. Stireman ◽  
Pierfilippo Cerretti
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

One of the major problems hindering the systematic study of tachinid flies is that genera are often poorly defined, making it difficult to unambiguously assign species among closely related genera. Within the tribe Winthemiini, an example of this problem is represented by the unstable classification of the Afrotropical species most recently classified as Smidtia capensis (Schiner). This species has been previously assigned to four different genera on the basis of limited examination and evidence. Here, we evaluate the identity and phylogenetic affinities of this species and other members of the tribe Winthemiini using morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis. We demonstrate that S. capensis actually belongs to the genus Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy. We also find that Winthemia is paraphyletic with respect to two monotypic genera, Crypsina (type species Crypsina prima Brauer & Bergenstamm) and Hemiwinthemia (type species Hemiwinthemia calva Villeneuve). On the basis of morphological and genetic evidence, we propose to extend the generic limits of Winthemia to include W. londti, sp. nov. (South Africa), W. capensis (Schiner), comb. nov. (South Africa), W. prima (Brauer & Bergenstamm), comb. nov. (China, Japan, Australia) and W. calva (Villeneuve), comb. nov. (D.R. Congo), thus synonymising with Winthemia the generic names Crypsina, syn. nov. and Hemiwinthemia, syn. nov.

Revision and phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Philothalpus Kraatz (=Eugastus Sharp and Allostenopsis Bernhauer) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina)

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Chatzimanolis ◽  
James Ashe
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Type Species ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Junior Synonym

AbstractThe staphylinid genus Philothalpus is revised. The species of Allostenopsis Bernhauer and Eugastus Sharp are shown to be congeneric with Philothalpus fervidus (the type species of Philothalpus), and consequently, Allostenopsis Bernhauer and Eugastus Sharp are placed as junior synonyms of Philothalpus Kraatz. Allostenopsis kraatzi Bernhauer is shown to be a junior synonym of A. antennaria Bernhauer. Seventeen species are described as new: P. asymmetros sp. n. from Ecuador, P. bilobus sp. n. from French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname, P. brooksi sp. n. from Colombia, Ecuador and Panama, P. chloropennis sp. n. from Panama, P. chotaenus sp. n. from Colombia, P. ecuadorensis sp. n. from Ecuador, P. falini sp. n. from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, P. loksos sp. n. from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, P. mauroprasinus sp. n. from Guyana, P. nitidus sp. n. from Brazil, P. osanus sp. n. from Costa Rica, P. pecki sp. n. from Brazil and Peru, P. porphyros sp. n. from Ecuador, P. portokalis sp. n. from Ecuador, P. rufus sp. n. from Panama, P. rugosus sp. n. from Panama, and P. stravos sp. n. from Ecuador and Peru. Lectotypes are designated for Eugastus mundus Sharp, Philonthus fervidus Erichson, and Stenopsis kraatzi Bernhauer. Distributional maps, a key and illustrations of structural features including aedeagi are provided for the identification of the known species. Phylogenetic analysis of three outgroup and 21 ingroup taxa based on 43 characters resulted in three equally most parsimonious trees (CI = 0.48, RI = 0.66). The monophyly of Philothalpus is supported by high Bremer support and bootstrap values.

Tokunagahelea, a new subgenus of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region with descriptions of two new species

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Dyce ◽  
R Meiswinkel
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Australasian Region

Tokunagahelea is proposed as a new subgenus of the genus Culicoides Latreille to embrace three species from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Comparative descriptions of both males and females of Culicoides mikros, sp. nov., and C. geocheloneoides, sp. nov., and a redescription of the female of C. pygmaeus Tokunaga (male unknown), are presented together with a key for differentiation. C. mikros is the designated type species of the subgenus. Systematic relationships of the new subgenus are discussed.

scholarly journals Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker W. Framenau ◽  
Peter Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Saline Environments ◽  
Recreational Use

The Australian wolf spider genus Tftralycosa Roewer, 1960, with Lycosa meracula Simon, 1909 (junior synonym of Lycosa oraria L. Koch, 1877) as type species, is revised to include 13 species, eight of which are described as new here: Tetralycosa adarca sp. nov., T. alteripa (McKay, 1976), T. arabanae Framenau, Gotch & Austin, 2006, T. baudinettei sp. nov., T. caudex sp. nov., T. eyrei (Hickman, 1944), T. floundersi sp. nov., T. halophila sp. nov., T. oraria (L. Koch, 1876), T. orariola sp. nov., T. williamsi sp. nov., T. wundurra (McKay, 1979) comb. nov. and T. rebecca sp. nov. Members of Tetralycosa are halotolerant, exclusively inhabiting saline environments such as coastal beaches, and mound springs, clay pans and salt lakes in the Australian interior. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus identified a monophyletic clade of eight species that live permanently on the barren surface of salt lakes suggesting a single radiation into this extremely inhospitable habitat. Some of these Tetralycosa species are currently known from single salt lakes only and with increasing disturbances of these systems by mining, agriculture and recreational use, research effort should be increased to study their ecology and conservation status.

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