scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy reveals multiple lineages of the spider genus Cybaeus endemic to the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Arachnida : Araneae : Cybaeidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoh Ihara ◽  
Naoki Koike ◽  
Takafumi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Yakushima Island ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago

The epigean spiders of the genus Cybaeus L. Koch, 1868 are known to have diversified in western North America and the Japanese Archipelago. To date, ~80 species of Cybaeus are known from Japan, but they have not previously been recorded from the Ryukyu Islands that harbour a diversity of endemic species. Here we describe eight new species of Cybaeus from the Ryukyu Islands, extending the range of Cybaeus southward to the central Ryukyus. Both sexes of each of the new species are described, and their phylogenetic relationships are estimated using nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers. Although Cybaeus okumurai, sp. nov. and C. kumadori, sp. nov. possess genital features that are common in the other Japanese congeners, the other six species (C. yakushimensis, sp. nov., C. kodama, sp. nov., C. amamiensis, sp. nov., C. aikana, sp. nov., C. tokunoshimensis, sp. nov., and C. hikidai, sp. nov.) are characterised by an elongated embolus and tubular spermathecae. These unique genital characteristics and the phylogeny recovered here suggest that these features evolved independently among the Japanese and Ryukyu Cybaeus species. Phylogenetic analyses highlight an unusual biogeographical pattern in which C. yakushimensis and C. kodama endemic to Yakushima Island in the northern Ryukyus are related to species distributed in the central Ryukyus. In contrast, our phylogeny suggests that C. okumurai from Tanegashima Island in the northern Ryukyus is sister to C. ashikitaensis (Komatsu, 1968), distributed in Kyushu of the Japanese Archipelago. The retreat constructs and sympatric distribution of Cybaeus found among the Ryukyus are also briefly discussed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:640D15AA-17F4-48EE-88B4-485CFF8FCD60

scholarly journals Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense (Crassulaceae), a new subspecies from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Takuro Ito ◽  
Chih-Chieh Yu ◽  
Masatsugu Yokota ◽  
Goro Kokubugata
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Axillary Branches

We re-examined the taxonomic status of plants treated as Sedum formosanum (Crassulaceae) from Miyako-jima Island of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, using morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic analyses with related species. In morphology, plants from Miyako-jima Island bore a close resemblance to the other plants of S. formosanum, but differed in being perennial, polycarpic, and having lateral axillary branches. Molecular analyses based on ITS of nrDNA and six regions of cpDNA sequencing indicated that the Miyako-jima plants formed a distinct subclade. This subclade was part of a polytomy with three other subclades comprising nine taxa endemic to Taiwan and S. formosanum from other areas, including the type locality. Therefore, we propose and describe the Miyako-jima plants as a new subspecies, Sedum formosanum subsp. miyakojimense.

scholarly journals Pre-Bomb Marine Reservoir Ages in the Western Pacific

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Yoshida ◽  
Tatsuaki Hara ◽  
Dai Kunikita ◽  
Yumiko Miyazaki ◽  
Takenori Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Pacific ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
University Museum ◽  
The University ◽  
Specific Correction ◽  
The Western Pacific

In this study, molluscan shells housed at the University Museum, the University of Tokyo, provided a new set of region-specific correction values (ΔR) for the western Pacific, in particular for the central part of the main islands in the Japanese Archipelago and the southwest islands of Japan. The values of 40 total samples were calculated from 11 regions. North of the main islands and in the Ryukyu Islands, the mean ΔR values showed comparatively small values, 5–40 14C yr; in the central part of the main islands, these values were 60–90 14C yr.

First finding of anchialine and submarine cave dwelling brittle stars from the Pacific Ocean, with descriptions of new species of Ophiolepis and Ophiozonella (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Amphilepidida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4377 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASANORI OKANISHI ◽  
YOSHIHISA FUJITA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
First Finding ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Submarine Cave

Two new species, Ophiolepis cavitata n. sp. and Ophiozonella cavernalis n. sp., are described from the specimens collected in shallow water submarine caves in the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Ophiolepis cavitata n. sp. is distinguished from the other congeners in having prominent tubercle-shaped knobs on dorsal arm plates; two sizes of disc scales on the aboral disc, the larger surrounded by 3–8 times smaller disc scales; larger scales concave; radial shields wider than long; a trio of distinct scales present distal to each pair of radial shields; oral shields partly concave; 3 arm spines on proximal portion of the arms. Ophiozonella cavernalis n. sp. is distinguished from the other congeners in having polygonal, uniform size disc scales; oral shields almost as long as wide, shallow concave proximal sides that end in a fairly sharp point medially; arms about 9 times longer than disc diameter; 3 cylindrical arm spines, of which the oral most one is slightly larger than other 2 spines. Ophiozonella cavernalis n. sp. is the second finding of an anchialine-endemic ophiuroid and the first finding from the Pacific Ocean. 

scholarly journals Archaeoastronomy and ethnoastronomy in the Ryukyu Islands: a preliminary report

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S278) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Goto
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Political System ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Stone Structures

AbstractThe Ryukyu (Okinawa) Islands are situated in sub-tropical zone between the Japanese Archipelago and Taiwan. Although Okinawan people have a rich tradition of star lore, few studies have been undertaken on its relevance to subsistence, religion and the socio-political system. This paper is a first attempt to explore a systematic relationship between star lore (e.g. relating to the Pleiades) with agriculture, fishing, navigation and religious practice. This paper also considers the possibility of interpreting the nature of prehistoric and historical stone structures from the viewpoint of archaeoastronomy. This kind of analysis is likely to be fruitful, since the kingship of the Ryukyu Islands was strongly associated with sun worship.

scholarly journals A new species of Cybaeus L. Koch, 1868 (Araneae, Cybaeidae) with simple genitalia from central Japan is the sister species of C. melanoparvus Kobayashi, 2006 with elongated genitalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Yusuke Sugawara ◽  
Yoh Ihara ◽  
Takafumi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
A New Species

Spiders of the genus Cybaeus L. Koch, 1868 exhibit two major centers of diversity: Western North America and Japan. Several Japanese Cybaeus possess an elongated embolus in the male palp and elongated tubular spermathecae in the female genitalia. Here we describe Cybaeus koikeisp. nov. from central Honshu, Japan, which has an unelongated embolus and bulbous spermathecae. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers clearly support the monophyly of C. koikeisp. nov. and Cybaeus melanoparvus Kobayashi, 2006, a species with elongated genitalia. Both species share a similar habitus and a cluster of robust setae on the lateral surface of the male palpal patella. The latter is considered a synapomorphy for C. koikeisp. nov. and C. melanoparvus. A supplementary description of the spermathecae of C. melanoparvus is also provided.

scholarly journals Recircumscription of Bredia and resurrection of Tashiroea (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) with description of a new species T. villosa

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 121-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Jie Zhou ◽  
Jin-Hong Dai ◽  
Che-Wei Lin ◽  
Tetsuo Denda ◽  
Ren-Chao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

Bredia (Melastomataceae) is an Asian genus that extends from central and southern mainland China to Taiwan and the Ryukyu islands. Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal that the type of Bredia is nested in a clade of 20 species, while Tashiroea, a genus previously synonymized in Bredia, falls in another distantly related clade of 10 species. Our morphological survey shows that the two clades can be distinguished by several diagnostic features including leaf indumentum, texture, leaf surface sculpture under SEM, presence/absence of yellowish uniseriate trichomes, and capsule morphology. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, Bredia is recircumscribed and Tashiroea is resurrected. Description and a list of species are provided for the two genera with the description of a new species, T.villosa.

A taxonomic review of the genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae) from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, with a new record of Ph. parviceps from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4951 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-491
Author(s):  
JUN SOUMA ◽  
TADASHI ISHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Central Taiwan ◽  
First Time

In this paper, we revised the physopeltine genus Physopelta Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae) from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Five species were recognized and diagnosed, including two new species, Ph. (Neophysopelta) lutaspidata sp. nov. from northern and central Taiwan and Ph. (N.) fusciscutellata sp. nov. from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan and Taiwan, and three known species, Ph. (N.) gutta gutta (Burmeister, 1834), Ph. (N.) parviceps Blöte, 1931, and Ph. (N.) quadriguttata Bergroth, 1894. Physopelta (Neophysopelta) fusciscutellata sp. nov., was previously regarded as either of the two species, Ph. (N.) cincticollis Stål, 1863 and Ph. (N.) parviceps, for populations from Taiwan. Previous records of Ph. (N.) cincticollis from Japan proper and Korea, and Ph. (N.) slanbuschii (Fabricius, 1787) from the Ryukyu Islands were considered as misidentifications of Ph. parviceps. A key to facilitate the identification of the five species known in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan is provided. Additionally, Ph. (N.) parviceps is recorded from China (Guangdong Province and Zhejiang Province) for the first time. 

scholarly journals An elusive new species of gymnophthalmid lizard (Cercosaurinae, Selvasaura) from the Andes of northern Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Lourdes Y. Echevarría ◽  
Pablo J. Venegas ◽  
Luis A. García-Ayachi ◽  
Pedro M. Sales Nunes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
The Andes ◽  
New States ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of Selvasaura from the montane forests of the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru, based on external and hemipenial morphological characters and previous phylogenetic analyses. The new species can be differentiated from the other two Selvasaura species in having keeled dorsal scales usually flanked by longitudinal striations, in adults and juveniles; adult males with a yellow vertebral stripe bordered by broad dark brown stripes on each side and a unilobed hemipenis surrounded by the branches of the sulcus spermaticus. The description of the new species contributes information about new states of diagnostic characters of Selvasaura and natural history.

The enigmatic groundwater amphipod Awacaris kawasawai revisited: synonymisation of the genus Sternomoera, with molecular phylogenetic analyses of Awacaris and Sternomoera species (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Pontogeneiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Tomikawa ◽  
Masaki Kyono ◽  
Keiko Kuribayashi ◽  
Takafumi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Kochi Prefecture

Amphipod crustaceans are dominant in subterranean habitats, and members of eight genera are endemic to groundwater environments in the Japanese Archipelago. The taxonomic status of two of these genera remains unclear, because their original descriptions were incomplete. The descriptions of the enigmatic subterranean monotypic genus Awacaris and its type species, A. kawasawai Uéno, 1971, are revisited here. Awacaris kawasawai was originally described based on specimens from a subterranean stream at Himise Cave, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. Recently, a new population of A. kawasawai was found at Saruta Cave, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku. Detailed observation of the newly collected specimens reveals the presence of sternal gills, which is the diagnostic character of the pontogeneiid genus Sternomoera, making the validity of Sternomoera open to question. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I markers demonstrate that A. kawasawai forms a well-supported clade with the subterranean S. morinoi Tomikawa and Ishimaru, 2014. In addition, phylogenetic analysis reveals cryptic diversity in epigean species of Sternomoera. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that catadromous Sternomoera species have evolved from freshwater ancestors. Based on our morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Awacaris and Sternomoera species, it is concluded here that Sternomoera should be treated as a subjective junior synonym of Awacaris.

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