scholarly journals Current developments in bioethanol production

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Peter L Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Price ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Forestry Residues

The recent high price of oil (in excess of $US95 per barrel), security advantages of increased domestic production, environmental benefits of reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the potential for regional development, have all contributed recently to a greatly increased interest in bioethanol. In the longer term, second generation processes based on lignocellulosic materials from agricultural/forestry residues and/or specific high yield biomass energy crops offer greater potential for increased production as they avoid the food vs fuel conflict.

scholarly journals Development of a Decision Support Model Based on Machine Learning for Applying Greenhouse Gas Reduction Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3582
Author(s):  
Sungwoo Lee ◽  
Sungho Tae
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Ghg Reduction

Multiple nations have implemented policies for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction since the 21st Conference of Parties (COP 21) at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2015. In this convention, participants voluntarily agreed to a new climate regime that aimed to decrease GHG emissions. Subsequently, a reduction in GHG emissions with specific reduction technologies (renewable energy) to decrease energy consumption has become a necessity and not a choice. With the launch of the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS) in 2015, Korea has certified and financed GHG reduction projects to decrease emissions. To help the user make informed decisions for economic and environmental benefits from the use of renewable energy, an assessment model was developed. This study establishes a simple assessment method (SAM), an assessment database (DB) of 1199 GHG reduction technologies implemented in Korea, and a machine learning-based GHG reduction technology assessment model (GRTM). Additionally, we make suggestions on how to evaluate economic benefits, which can be obtained in conjunction with the environmental benefits of GHG reduction technology. Finally, we validate the applicability of the assessment model on a public building in Korea.

Impact of renewable energy deployment on climate change in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Udochukwu B. Akuru ◽  
Ogbonnaya I. Okoro ◽  
Edward Chikuni
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

It is well known fact that the rate of industrial growth of any country is a function of the amount of energy available in that country and the extent to which this energy is utilized. The burning of fossil fuels to generate energy is a dirty process. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions result when fossil fuels are produced and consumed and these emissions contribute to climate change. Nigeria as a country is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because its economy is mainly dependent on income generated from the production, processing, export and/or consumption of fossil fuels and its associated energy-intensive products. Hence, it is on this premise that this paper is researched to review the energy sources being used in Nigeria and investigate its impact to climate change. Findings reveal Nigeria’s over-dependence on fossil-generated energy with associated adverse environmental effects, among other things. Recommendations for the integration of renewable energy into Nigeria’s energy mix, beyond other measures, have been offered, especially with reference to the salient environmental benefits that accrue to it.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1492) ◽  
pp. 789-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Smith ◽  
Daniel Martino ◽  
Zucong Cai ◽  
Daniel Gwary ◽  
Henry Janzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Mitigation Potential

Agricultural lands occupy 37% of the earth's land surface. Agriculture accounts for 52 and 84% of global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Agricultural soils may also act as a sink or source for CO 2 , but the net flux is small. Many agricultural practices can potentially mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the most prominent of which are improved cropland and grazing land management and restoration of degraded lands and cultivated organic soils. Lower, but still significant mitigation potential is provided by water and rice management, set-aside, land use change and agroforestry, livestock management and manure management. The global technical mitigation potential from agriculture (excluding fossil fuel offsets from biomass) by 2030, considering all gases, is estimated to be approximately 5500–6000 Mt CO 2 -eq. yr −1 , with economic potentials of approximately 1500–1600, 2500–2700 and 4000–4300 Mt CO 2 -eq. yr −1 at carbon prices of up to 20, up to 50 and up to 100 US$ t CO 2 -eq. −1 , respectively. In addition, GHG emissions could be reduced by substitution of fossil fuels for energy production by agricultural feedstocks (e.g. crop residues, dung and dedicated energy crops). The economic mitigation potential of biomass energy from agriculture is estimated to be 640, 2240 and 16 000 Mt CO 2 -eq. yr −1 at 0–20, 0–50 and 0–100 US$ t CO 2 -eq. −1 , respectively.

scholarly journals Renewable Carbon Feedstock for Polymers - Environmental Benefits from Synergistic Use of Biomass and CO2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Bachmann ◽  
Arne Kätelhön ◽  
Benedikt Winter ◽  
Raoul Meys ◽  
Leonard Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Polymer Industry ◽  
Industry Needs

Polymer production is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To reduce GHG emissions, the polymer industry needs to shift towards renewable carbon feedstocks such as biomass and CO2....

The Joint Effects of Income, Vehicle Technology, and Rail Transit Access on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (24) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon G. Boarnet ◽  
Raphael W. Bostic ◽  
Andrew Eisenlohr ◽  
Seva Rodnyansky ◽  
Raúl Santiago-Bartolomei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Bay Area

This paper examines the relationship between income, vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for households with varying access to rail transit in four metropolitan areas—Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, San Diego, and Sacramento—using data from the 2010–2012 California Household Travel Survey. Daily vehicle GHG emissions are calculated using the California Air Resources Board’s 2014 EMFAC (emission factors) model. Two Tobit regression models are used to predict daily VMT and GHG by income, rail transit access (within or outside 0.5 miles of a rail transit station in Los Angeles and the Bay Area, and linear distance to rail in San Diego and Sacramento), and metropolitan area. Comparing predicted VMT and GHG emissions levels, this paper concludes that predicted VMT and GHG emission patterns for rail access vary across metropolitan areas in ways that may be related to the age and connectivity of the areas’ rail systems. The results also show that differences in household VMT due to rail access do not scale proportionally to differences in GHG emissions. Regardless, the fact that GHG emissions are lower near rail transit for virtually all income levels in this study implies environmental benefits from expanding rail transit systems, as defined in this paper.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polyethylene Mulching and Sugarcane Cultivar on Energy Inputs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Ethanol Production in a Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4369
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nakashima ◽  
Keiichiro Ueno ◽  
Eisuke Fujita ◽  
Shoko Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Polyethylene Mulching ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Ethanol Yields

Fossil energy inputs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the cultivation and transport of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) for bioethanol production in Tanegashima, Japan, were estimated by life cycle assessment (LCA). The aim was to understand the effects of combined systems of polyethylene mulching treatment (mulching at planting and every ratooning, MM; mulching only at planting, MU; and untreated, i.e., no mulching at all, UU) and cultivar (a cold-tolerant genotype, NiTn18, and a conventional variety, NiF8). The mulch treatments and cultivars were combined to create six cultivation systems that were used to conduct a comparative assessment of cradle-to-gate energy inputs and emissions for bioethanol production. The LCA results showed that the energy inputs and GHG emissions resulting from the MM/NiF8 system were 6.29 MJ L−1 and 0.500 kg CO2e L−1, which were 14% and 23% lower, respectively, than the corresponding values in the UU/NiF8 system. In contrast, the MU/NiF8 system increased the environmental loads slightly. The use of NiTn18 improved sugarcane performance and ethanol yields substantially as compared with NiF8, reducing energy inputs to 5.38, 5.24, and 5.55 MJ L−1 and GHG emissions to 0.473, 0.450, and 0.441 kg CO2e L−1 for the UU, MU, and MM treatments, respectively. The energy inputs and GHG emissions were similar among the systems, indicating that more flexible mulching treatments might be acceptable in the NiTn18 systems than in the NiF8 systems. The energy inputs and GHG emissions resulting from the UU/NiTn18 system were 14% and 5% lower, respectively, than those of the MM/NiF8 system, suggesting that it may be possible to overcome the handicap of sugarcane production in cold conditions by breeding cold-tolerant cultivars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document