scholarly journals Rift Valley fever: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
John Bingham ◽  
Petrus Jansen van Vuren
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Domestic Ruminants

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease, principally of ruminants, that is endemic to Africa. The causative Phlebovirus, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), has a broad host range and, as such, also infects humans to cause primarily a self-limiting febrile illness. A small number of human cases will also develop severe complications, including haemorrhagic fever, encephalitis and visual impairment. In parts of Africa, it is a major disease of domestic ruminants, causing epidemics of abortion and mortality. It infects and can be transmitted by a broad range of mosquitos, with those of the genus Aedes and Culex thought to be the major vectors. Therefore, the virus has the potential to become established beyond Africa, including in Australia, where competent vector hosts are endemic. Vaccines for humans have not yet been developed to the commercial stage. This review examines the threat of this virus, with particular reference to Australia, and assesses gaps in our knowledge that may benefit from research focus.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of ChAdOx1 RVF vaccine against Rift Valley fever in pregnant sheep and goats

npj Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stedman ◽  
Daniel Wright ◽  
Paul J. Wichgers Schreur ◽  
Madeleine H. A. Clark ◽  
Adrian V. S. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Human Use

Abstract Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus that was first discovered in Kenya in 1930 and has since spread to become endemic in much of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Rift Valley fever (RVF) causes recurrent outbreaks of febrile illness associated with high levels of mortality and poor outcomes during pregnancy—including foetal malformations, spontaneous abortion and stillbirths—in livestock, and associated with miscarriage in humans. No vaccines are available for human use and those licensed for veterinary use have potential drawbacks, including residual virulence that may contraindicate their use in pregnancy. To address this gap, we previously developed a simian adenovirus vectored vaccine, ChAdOx1 RVF, that encodes RVFV envelope glycoproteins. ChAdOx1 RVF is fully protective against RVF in non-pregnant livestock and is also under development for human use. Here, we now demonstrate that when administered to pregnant sheep and goats, ChAdOx1 RVF is safe, elicits high titre RVFV neutralizing antibody, and provides protection against viraemia and foetal loss, although this protection is not as robust for the goats. In addition, we provide a description of RVFV challenge in pregnant goats and contrast this to the pathology observed in pregnant sheep. Together, our data further support the ongoing development of ChAdOx1 RVF vaccine for use in livestock and humans.

scholarly journals Severe Human Illness Caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boushab Mohamed Boushab ◽  
Fatima Zahra Fall-Malick ◽  
Sidi El Wafi Ould Baba ◽  
Mohamed Lemine Ould Salem ◽  
Marie Roseline Darnycka Belizaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Valley Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley Fever epizootics are characterized by numerous abortions and mortality among young animals. In humans, the illness is usually characterized by a mild self-limited febrile illness, which could progress to more serious complications.Objectives. The aim of the present prospective study was to describe severe clinical signs and symptoms of Rift Valley Fever in southern Mauritania. Patients and methods Suspected cases were enrolled in Kiffa (Assaba) and Aleg (Brakna) Hospital Centers from September 1 to November 7, 2015, based on the presence of fever, hemorrhagic or meningoencephalitic syndromes, and probable contact with sick animals. Suspected cases were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results There were thirty-one confirmed cases. The sex ratio M/F and the average age were 2.9 and 25 years old [range, 4-70 years old], respectively. Mosquito bites, direct contact with aborted or dead animals, and frequent ingestion of milk from these animals were risk factors observed in all patients. Hemorrhagic and neurological manifestations were observed in 81% and 13% of cases, respectively. The results of laboratory analysis showed high levels of transaminases, creatinine, and urea associated with thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukopenia. All patients who died (42%) had a hemorrhagic syndrome and 3 of them had a neurological complication. Among the cured patients, none had neurologic sequelae. Conclusion The hemorrhagic form was the most common clinical manifestation of RVF found in southern Mauritania and was responsible for a high mortality rate. Our results justify the implementation of a continuous epidemiological surveillance.

Evaluation of a commercial competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus in sera of domestic ruminants in France

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Cêtre-Sossah ◽  
Agnès Billecocq ◽  
Renaud Lancelot ◽  
Cédric Defernez ◽  
Jacques Favre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Domestic Ruminants

scholarly journals A Spatial Analysis of Rift Valley Fever Virus Seropositivity in Domestic Ruminants in Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0131873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Dirk U. Pfeiffer ◽  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Mark M. Rweyemamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Domestic Ruminants

scholarly journals Patterns of Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity in domestic ruminants in central South Africa four years after a large outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf B. Ngoshe ◽  
Alida Avenant ◽  
Melinda K. Rostal ◽  
William B. Karesh ◽  
Janusz T. Paweska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Central South

Validation of an IgM antibody capture ELISA based on a recombinant nucleoprotein for identification of domestic ruminants infected with Rift Valley fever virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Williams ◽  
Charlotte Elizabeth Ellis ◽  
Shirley Jacqueline Smith ◽  
Christiaan Abraham Potgieter ◽  
David Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Capture Elisa ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Antibody Capture

scholarly journals Protection of Sheep against Rift Valley Fever Virus and Sheep Poxvirus with a Recombinant Capripoxvirus Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1842-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben K. Soi ◽  
Fred R. Rurangirwa ◽  
Travis C. McGuire ◽  
Paul M. Rwambo ◽  
James C. DeMartini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Correct Size

ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an epizootic viral disease of sheep that can be transmitted from sheep to humans, particularly by contact with aborted fetuses. A capripoxvirus (CPV) recombinant virus (rKS1/RVFV) was developed, which expressed the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) Gn and Gc glycoproteins. These expressed glycoproteins had the correct size and reacted with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to native glycoproteins. Mice vaccinated with rKS1/RVFV were protected against RVFV challenge. Sheep vaccinated with rKS1/RVFV twice developed neutralizing antibodies and were significantly protected against RVFV and sheep poxvirus challenge. These findings further document the value of CPV recombinants as ruminant vaccine vectors and support the inclusion of RVFV genes encoding glycoproteins in multivalent recombinant vaccines to be used where RVF occurs.

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