The conservation of Leadbeater's Possum in southeastern Australia and the Northern Spotted Owl in the Pacific north-west of the USA; management issues, strategies and lessons

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Lindenmayer ◽  
Tony W. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Forest Policy ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
North West ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Spotted Owl ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Leadbeater's Possum

Aspects of the conservation and management of the endangered species Leadbeater's Possum Gymnobelideus leadbeateri in southeastern Australia and the Northern Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis caurina in the Pacific north-west of the USA are similar in their nature and the intensity of public debate. Both species occur in temperate forests that are also used for intensive wood production. Due to historial factors and present forestry management regimes, a major conflict in land-use exists between the conservation of these animals and intensive timber harvesting in both geographic regions. The long-term persistence of Leadbeater's Possum and the Northern Spotted Owl will depend primarily on the protection and appropriate management of mature and old growth stands or attributes of such types of forest. The Interagency Spotted Owl Scientific Committee developed a set of guiding biological principles and used knowledge of the autecology and natural history of the species to formulate a management plan to help ensure the viability of populations of the Northern Spotted Owl beyond the next century. Unfortunately, the strategies currently proposed for the conservation of Leadbeater's Possum are unlikely to ensure its long-term persistence, and, therefore, the Victorian Government's position on this matter is inconsistent with its undertakings in the new National Forest Policy. We discuss the application of the approach and strategies proposed by the Interagency Committee to the conservation of Leadbeater's Possum. Attempts to manage the Northern Spotted Owl and Leadbeater's Possum will reflect the ability of governments to pursue truly ecologically sustainable development and resource use.

scholarly journals Rebuttal

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
David B. Lindenmayer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
Central Victoria ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Spotted Owl ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Leadbeater's Possum

Mr. Macfarlane and Mr. Loyn have failed to recognize the main thrust of the recent article comparing the development of management strategies for the conservation of the Northern Spotted Owl in the Pacific Northwest of the USA and Leadbeater's Possum in Central Victoria (Lindenmayer and Norton 1993). The key issue was not to compare the biology of the respective taxa; that would be nonsensical. Rather, it was to highlight that, unlike the management of Leadbeater's Possum (Macfarlane and Seebeck 1991), conservation strategies for the Northern Spotted Owl have now been developed that are ecologically defensible and scientifically valid (Murphy and Noon 1992).

scholarly journals Comparison of the Far-Eastern Seas and North-West Pacific by integral characteristics of pelagic and benthic trawled macrofaun

2014 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Igor V. Volvenko
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Far Eastern Seas ◽  
The Bering Sea

The Bering Sea, ​​Okhotsk Sea, Japan/East Sea and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean (mainly within EEZ of Russia) are compared by abundance of pelagic and benthic macrofauna, its species richness, evenness, diversity, and mean weight of animals using the data of long-term large-scale pelagic and bottom trawl surveys conducted by Pacific Fish. Res. Center (TINRO) in 1977-2010.

scholarly journals Looking north or looking anywhere? Indo-Fijian international relations after the coups of May 2000 and December 2006

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Weber
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Old Friends ◽  
The Eu

Between 1987 and 2006 Fiji experienced four coups in which Governments were overthrown by their military forces or parts of it. After the fourth coup in December 2006 old metropolitan friends such as Australia, New Zealand, the USA and the EU responded with travel sanctions, cancellation of military cooperation and frozen development assistance. When Fiji was politically isolated it fostered secondary political friendships of olden days and established new ones. The paper searches for evidence of Fiji’s agency to change the structure of its International Relations (IR) after the coup of 2000. Such relations were first shaped in Prime Minister Qarase’s ‘Look North’ policy, but following the coup of December 2006 Fiji’s IR took a new quality once political isolation was overcome and internal power stabilized. The paper concentrates on Indo- Fijian relations, which, however, are embedded in Fiji’s general effort to achieve greater independence from old friends by forcing new international relationships. Of particular interest in this context is, if Fiji’s political orientation after 2006 has just been a temporary necessity born out of political isolation or if Fiji’s policy of fostering South–South relations will remain a decisive element of the country’s foreign policy in the long term. To understand IR in the context of Fiji and India it is essential to look at both countries, their interests and agency. Looking at Fiji alone would leave the question unanswered, why Indian Governments had an interest to cooperate with the country in the Pacific Islands despite hard-core nationalist anti-Indian sentiments and politics pursued in Fiji after the coup of 2000. It also won’t be conclusive why India should be interested at all to foster high profile relations with a tiny country like Fiji in a situation when Indian governments were aiming at much higher goals.

scholarly journals Disentangling Post-Fire Logging and High-Severity Fire Effects for Spotted Owls

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Chad T. Hanson ◽  
Derek E. Lee ◽  
Monica L. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spotted Owls ◽  
The Usa

The Spotted Owl is a rare and declining raptor inhabiting low/middle-elevation forests of the Pacific Northwest, California, and the Southwest in the USA. It is well established that Spotted Owls select dense, mature, or old forests for nesting and roosting. High-severity fire transforms such forests into a unique forest type known as “snag forest habitat”, which the owls select for foraging. This habitat is disproportionately targeted by post-fire logging projects. Numerous recent articles have explored the influence of high-severity fire and post-fire logging on this species. Studies have shown that post-fire logging significantly reduces Spotted Owl occupancy, but efforts have generally not been made to disentangle the effects of such logging from the influence of high-severity fire alone on Spotted Owls. We conducted an assessment of published, peer-reviewed articles reporting adverse impacts of high-severity fire on Spotted Owls, exploring the extent to which there may have been confounding factors, such as post-fire logging. We found that articles reporting adverse impacts of high-severity fire on Spotted Owls were pervasively confounded by post-fire logging, and in some cases by a methodological bias. Our results indicate a need to approach analyses of high-severity fire and Spotted Owls differently in future research.

Forty Years of Spotted Owls? A Longitudinal Analysis of Logging Industry Job Losses

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Freudenburg ◽  
Lisa J. Wilson ◽  
Daniel J. O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Widespread Agreement ◽  
Wilderness Act ◽  
Northern Spotted Owl ◽  
Timber Harvests

The protection of habitat for an officially designated “threatened” species, the Northern Spotted Owl, is widely seen as having endangered the survival of a very different “species,” namely the rural American logger. In spite of the widespread agreement on this point, however, it is not clear just how many jobs have been endangered, over just how long a period, due to the protection of spotted-owl habitat and of the environment more broadly. In the present paper, we analyze longer term employment trends in logging and milling, both nationally and in the two states of the Pacific Northwest where the spotted-owl debate has been most intense, to determine the length of time over which such environmental protection efforts have been creating the loss of logging and milling jobs. There are three potential key “turning points” since the start of high-quality employment data in 1947—the 1989 controversy over the federal “listing” of the Northern Spotted Owl under the Endangered Species Act, the earlier increase in environmental regulations accompanying the first Earth Day in 1970, and the still-earlier “locking up” of timber after the passage of the Wilderness Protection Act in 1964. We also examine the effects of two other variables that have received considerable attention in the ongoing debates—levels of U.S. Forest Service timber harvests and the exporting of raw logs. We find that the 1989 listing of the spotted owl has no significant effect on employment—not even in the two states where the debate has been most intense. Instead, the only statistically significant turning point came with the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964. The direction of the change, however, was precisely the opposite of what is generally expected. Both nationally and in the Pacific Northwest, the greatest decline in timber employment occurred from 1947 until 1964—a time of great economic growth, a general absence of “unreasonable environmental regulations,” and growing timber harvests. The period since the passage of the Wilderness Act has been one of increased complaints about environmental constraints, but much less decline in U.S. logging employment. If logging jobs have indeed been endangered by efforts to protect the environment in general and spotted-owl habitat in particular, what is needed is a plausible explanation of how the influence of the owls could have begun more than forty years before the species came under the protection of the Endangered Species Act.

scholarly journals Observations of Notable Parental Behaviours of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina)

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Jesse M. Alston ◽  
Janet E. Millard ◽  
Jessica A. Rick ◽  
Brandon W. Husby ◽  
Laurel A. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
Strix Occidentalis ◽  
Dietary Breadth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Spotted Owl ◽  
Strix Occidentalis Caurina ◽  
Conservation Concern

Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is a medium-sized forest owl of conservation concern in the Pacific Northwest of North America. We report two sightings of previously unreported parental behaviour: a Northern Spotted Owl feeding avian nestlings to its young and a Northern Spotted Owl defending a fledgling against a Black Bear (Ursus americanus). Further research may be warranted on the influence of brood size and habitat quality on dietary breadth. Although Black Bears have not been previously documented as Northern Spotted Owl predators, we suggest that they should be considered potential predators of nestling and fledgling owls.

scholarly journals Distribution and Abundance of Spotted Owls in Zion Natioinal Park

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
R. Gutierrez ◽  
Sarah Rinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cost ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
Strix Occidentalis ◽  
Spotted Owls ◽  
Northern Spotted Owl ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Strix Occidentalis Caurina ◽  
Heated Debate

The recent listing of the Northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a threatened species (Federal Register 1990) raises heated debate concerning the long-term survival of the species and perceived economic cost to timber industry (Thomas et al. 1988). Long term studies of the owls's ecology are necessary to provide information needed for ecologically based management plans (Dawson et al. 1987). Much is already known about the natural and life history of the Northern spotted owl (Forsman et al. 1984, Gutierrez et al. 1984, Gutierrez 1985, Franklin et al. 1990) as well as the California subspecies (S. o. occidentalis) (Gutierrez and Pritchard 1990). In contrast, the Mexican spotted owl (S. o. Iucida) is the least studied of the three subspecies (Ganey and Balda 1989). It is known that this latter subspecies inhabits rocky canyonlands and coniferous forests in the southwestern United States and Mexico (Kertell1977, Wagner et al. 1982, Webb 1983, Johnson and Johnson 1985, Ganey 1988, and Skaggs 1988) but there are few published studies on its ecology and habitat needs (Ganey 1988). Also, the effects of human activities, such as recreation, on the Mexican subspecies are unclear, particularly in isolated habitats (Gutierrez 1985). Therefore, in 1989, we initiated a two year investigation of abundance and distribution of Mexican spotted owls in Zion National Park. This report summarizes our 1990 survey effort and research findings.

scholarly journals Impacts of acute and long-term vehicle exposure on physiology and reproductive success of the northern spotted owl

Ecosphere ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. art65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Hayward ◽  
Ann E. Bowles ◽  
James C. Ha ◽  
Samuel K. Wasser
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
Northern Spotted Owl
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