Effect of NaCl on the Growth of Whole Plants and Their Corresponding Callus Cultures

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Smith ◽  
JA Mccomb
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture ◽  
Whole Plants

The effect of NaCl on growth was examined for whole plants and callus cultures of a salt-sensitive glycophyte (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a salt-tolerant glycophyte (Beta vulgaris L.) and two halophytes (Atriplex undulata D. Dietr., which has salt glands, and Suaeda australis (R. Br.) Moq., a succulent). Whole plants were grown in nutrient solution culture at NaCl concentrations of 0.1-250 mM. Callus cultures were initiated from the same seed stock, and similar saline regimes were imposed. Whole plant responses were characteristic for the various types of plants: P. vulgaris showed a decrease in growth with increasing salinity; B. vulgaris showed a slight increase in growth at the intermediate salt level and a decrease at higher levels; A. undulata and S. australis showed well defined growth optima at 62.5 mM and 125 mM NaCl, respectively. Callus cultures of P. vulgaris and the two halophytes grew very poorly when salinity was increased. Callus of B. vulgaris showed the same tolerance to salt as did the whole plants. Thus salt tolerance of the halophytes depends on the anatomical and physiological complexity of the intact plant while callus from B. vulgaris appears to have a mechanism(s) of salt tolerance which operates at the cellular level.

Use of Callus Cultures to Detect NaCl Tolerance in Cultivars of Three Species of Pasture Legumes

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Smith ◽  
JA Mccomb
Keyword(s):  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Pasture Legume

The effect was examined of NaCl on the growth of callus from Medicago sativa L. cvv. Hunter River, Cuf 101, and Hasawi and line W75RS, and Trifolium repens L. cv. Ladino, all of which are regarded as salt-sensitive pasture legumes, and T. fragiferum L. cv. Palestine which is considered a moderately salt-tolerant pasture legume. Only M. sativa line W75RS showed some tolerance to NaCI, as callus growth was comparable at 0.1 and 62.5 mM NaCI. Whole plants in nutrient solution culture were grown from the same seed stocks and exposed to the same levels of NaCl as the callus. The responses were very similar to those shown by the callus cultures, with line W75RS showing some tolerance at 62.5 mM NaCI, which indicates the validity of using callus cultures to screen for tolerance to NaCl. However, on a yield basis, W75RS grew less than the other cultivars of M. sativa.

scholarly journals Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Yingli Zhou ◽  
Ping Mi ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
Fang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractLimonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.

High temperature triggered plant responses from whole plant to cellular level

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Ahmad Peer ◽  
Zahoor A. Dar ◽  
Aijaz A. Lone ◽  
Mohd Yaqub Bhat ◽  
Nusrat Ahamad
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Identification of Foliar Salt Tolerance of Woody Perennials Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1892-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Percival
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Inexpensive Procedure

Aims of this investigation were to determine whether chlorophyll fluorescence values obtained from excised leaves of woody perennials subjected to salinity stress under laboratory conditions provided a measurable indicator of whole plant salinity tolerance. Laboratory tests consisted of measurements of the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) performed on excised leaves taken from thirty woody perennials following immersion in salt solutions ranging from concentrations of 2% to 7%. Based on reductions in Fv/Fm of excised leaves following salinity treatments plants were ranked in order of tolerance. Whole plants of six of the thirty species tested were then subjected to a foliar applied salt at a concentration of 7% and placed under glass for 14 weeks. Damage to, and recovery of whole plants from salt damage as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf necrosis and chlorophyll content mirrored tolerance ranking of excised leaves under laboratory conditions. In addition, based on reductions in plant growth at the cessation of the experiment, salt tolerance followed a similar order as that obtained from Fv/Fm values of excised leaves. Results indicate that testing of excised leaf material of woody perennials under laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence offers a potentially quick, reliable and inexpensive procedure that can provide a useful means of estimating whole plant salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Salt stress and phyto-biochemical responses of plants – a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Parvaiz ◽  
S. Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

The ability of plants to tolerate salts is determined by multiple biochemical pathways that facilitate retention and/or acquisition of water, protect chloroplast functions and maintain ion homeostasis. Essential pathways include those that lead to synthesis of osmotically active metabolites, specific proteins and certain free radical enzymes to control ion and water flux and support scavenging of oxygen radicals. No well-defined indicators are available to facilitate the improvement in salinity tolerance of agricultural crops through breeding. If the crop shows distinctive indicators of salt tolerance at the whole plant, tissue or cellular level, selection is the most convenient and practical method. There is therefore a need to determine the underlying biochemical mechanisms of salinity tolerance so as to provide plant breeders with appropriate indicators. In this review, the possibility of using these biochemical characteristics as selection criteria for salt tolerance is discussed.

Salt Tolerance of 74 Turfgrass Cultivars in Nutrient Solution Culture

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1743-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Friell ◽  
Eric Watkins ◽  
Brian Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture

Growth of bean cells in suspension culture in the presence of NaCl and protein-stabilizing factors

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gale ◽  
W. G. Boll
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Stabilizing Factors ◽  
Cell Culture Growth

Sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris to NaCl was much lower in cell suspension than in whole plant cultures. At levels of −4 bars, growth (dry weight accumulation) was decreased by about 40% during the first 9 days. Growth of whole plants was decreased 70% by −2 bars NaCl. There was a small but not statistically significant stimulation of cell culture growth at levels of NaCl between −0.5 and −1.0 bars. (These values are in addition to the −3.5 bars of the standard culture solution itself.)Growth of cells in the control medium stopped at the end of 10 days but continued in the salinized cultures, reaching the level of the controls at about day 13. After six passages in saline medium, there was no evidence of increased tolerance to salt. Sensitivity increased, although subsequent growth in nonsaline medium was not affected.This system was used for assaying the effect of various antioxidants, vitamins, hormones, and amino acids on salt damage at the cellular level. At the concentrations assayed, these materials had either no effect or were toxic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document