Short-Term Measurements of Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Several C4 Species

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Henderson ◽  
SV Caemmerer ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Wide Range

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and leaf gas-exchange were measured simultaneously for a number of C4 species. Linear relationships were found between A and the ratio of intercellular to ambient partial pressures of CO2, pI/pa. These data were used to estimate the fraction of CO2 released by C4-acid decarboxylation in the bundle sheath, which subsequently leaks out to the mesophyll. We define this fraction as the leakiness of the system and it is also a measure of the extent to which phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylations exceed ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylations. For Sorghum bicolor and Amaranthus edulis, leakiness was estimated at 0.2 and was constant over a wide range of irradiances (between 480 and 1600 μmol quanta m-2 s-1), intercellular CO2 pressures (between 30 and 350 μbar) and leaf temperatures (from 21�C to 34�C). At irradiances less than 240 μmol quanta m-2 s-1, leakiness appeared to increase. For a number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species, of the various C4-decarboxylation types, leakiness was also estimated at 0.2. Contrary to expectation, amongst the 11 species examined, those with suberised lamellae did not show lower values of leakiness than those without suberised lamellae. For one NAD-ME and one PCK monocot, the estimates of leakiness were significantly higher at 0.30 and 0.25, respectively. Long-term discrimination (assessed from carbon isotope composition of leaf dry matter) did not correlate well with these short- term measures of discrimination. We suggest that this may be due to differences between species in fractionations occurring after photosynthesis.

Genetic variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship to growth under field conditions in full-sib families of Piceamariana

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence B. Flanagan ◽  
Kurt H. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Sib Families

Measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition of leaf tissue were made on Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P trees from four full-sib families grown on three different field sites at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Ontario, Canada. The four families chosen exhibited genetic variation for growth characteristics. Genetic variation was also observed for carbon isotopic discrimination (Δ) among the families of P. mariana. In addition, a strong correlation occurred between Δ values measured on trees in 1991 and 1992, two years that had very different precipitation and temperature conditions during the growing season, indicating that the ranking of individual trees remained almost constant between years. A strong, negative correlation was observed between average carbon isotope discrimination and average tree height for the four families on the driest, least productive site, as was expected based on leaf photosynthetic characteristics. There was no significant correlation, however, between Δ values and growth on the other two study sites, where productivity was higher.

Correlation between carbon isotope discrimination and transpiration efficiency in lines of the C4 species Sorghum bicolor in the glasshouse and the field

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Henderson ◽  
S. von Caemmerer ◽  
G.D. Farquhar ◽  
L. Wade ◽  
G. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
C3 Species ◽  
The Mean

Transpiration efficiency, W, the ratio of plant carbon produced to water transpired and carbon isotope discrimination of leaf dry matter, Δd, were measured together on 30 lines of the C4 species, Sorghum bicolor, in the glasshouse and on eight lines grown in the field. In the glasshouse, the mean W observed was 4.9 mmol C mol-1 H2O and the range was 0.8 mmol C mol -1 H2O. The mean Δd was 3.0 and the observed range was 0.4‰. In the field, the mean W was lower at 2.8 mmol C mol-1 H2O and the mean Δd was 4.6‰. Significant positive correlations between W and Δd were observed for plants grown in the glasshouse and in the field. The observed correlations were consistent with theory, opposite to those for C3 species, and showed that variation in Δd was an integrated measure of long-term variation in the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 partial pressure, pi/pa. Detailed gas exchange measurements of carbon isotope discrimination during CO2 uptake, ΔA, and pi/pa were made on leaves of eight S. bicolorlines. The observed relationship between ΔA and pi/pa was linear with a negative slope of 3.7‰ in ΔA for a unit change in pi/pa. The slope of this linear relationship between ΔA and pi/pa in C4 species is dependent on the leakiness of the CO2 concentrating mechanism of the C4 pathway. We estimated the leakiness (defined as the fraction of CO2 released in the bundle sheath by C4 acid decarboxylations, which is lost by leakage) to be 0.2. We conclude that, although variation in Δd observed in the 30 lines of S. bicolor is smaller than that commonly observed in C3 species, it also reflects variation in transpiration efficiency, W. Among the eight lines examined in detail and in the environments used, there was considerable genotype × environment interaction.

Short-term changes in carbon-isotope discrimination in the C3-CAM intermediate Clusia minor L. growing in Trinidad

Oecologia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Borland ◽  
H. Griffiths ◽  
M. S. J. Broadmeadow ◽  
M. C. Fordham ◽  
C. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isotope Discrimination

scholarly journals Short-Term Changes in Leaf Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Salt- and Water-Stressed C4 Grasses

1989 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Bowman ◽  
Kerry T. Hubick ◽  
Susanne von Caemmerer ◽  
Graham D. Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isotope Discrimination

Comparative performance of carbon isotope discrimination and canopy temperature depression as predictors of genotype differences in durum wheat yield in Spain

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Royo ◽  
D. Villegas ◽  
L. F. García del Moral ◽  
S. Elhani ◽  
N. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Canopy Temperature Depression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Depression

The relationships between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in mature kernels, canopy temperature depression (CTD) during anthesis and grain filling, 1000-kernel weight (TKW), total carbon content of mature kernels, and yield were studied in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown in Spain (western Mediterranean basin). Twenty-five durum wheat genotypes were grown in 2 regions (NE and SE Spain) and under 2 water regimes (rainfed v. support irrigation) from 1997 to 1999 (i.e. a total of 12 trials). Principal component analysis placed yield and Δ on the same axis. Pearson’s correlation and stepwise analysis confirmed that Δ was the trait that best assessed genotype differences in yield within trials, and was followed, at a considerable distance, by TKW. Our results also demonstrated the extremely poor performance of CTD throughout the wide range of growing conditions in this study.

scholarly journals Stable Carbon Isotope Discrimination Is under Genetic Control in the C4 Species Maize with Several Genomic Regions Influencing Trait Expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gresset ◽  
P. Westermeier ◽  
S. Rademacher ◽  
M. Ouzunova ◽  
T. Presterl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Genomic Regions

A dynamic leaf gas-exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO2 : evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO2 enrichment studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Voelker ◽  
J. Renée Brooks ◽  
Frederick C. Meinzer ◽  
Rebecca Anderson ◽  
Martin K.-F. Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Ambient Co2

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Carbon Isotope Discrimination as a Selection Tool of Perennial Fodder Species for Temporary Pastures

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Nicusor Flavius SIMA ◽  
Rodica Maria SIMA ◽  
Stela CUNA ◽  
Gabriela CRISTEA ◽  
Valentin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Estimation of the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in perennial fodder plants and various factors such as climate, fertilization and soil could contribute to a better selection and/or improvement of genotype of fodder species. Theoretical models of carbon isotope discrimination in plants indicate a linear relationship between Δ13C and CO2 partial pressures ratio (pi/pa) from the intercellular spaces (pi) of CO2 in leaves and from the atmosphere (pa). It is also known that between pi parameter and water-use efficiency (WUE) there is a negative correlation. Eight perennial fodder legume and grass mixtures were cultivated on three levels of fertilization in order to assess mixtures for pastures that can provide sustainable quantitative and qualitative yields. The species, which composed the mixtures, were also cultivated as pure crops on the same fertilization conditions. The results of this study indicated that in five of the six species, which composed the mixture with the highest yield, pi/pa values decreased while fertilization doses increased, most likely as a result of variation in water-use efficiency.

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