Measurement of interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 in pregnancy-associated tissues

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gunn ◽  
P Hardiman ◽  
S Tharmaratnam ◽  
D Lowe ◽  
T Chard
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Term Labour ◽  
In Pregnancy

The concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-6 in pregnancy-associated tissues were investigated in term labour and delivery in the absence of labour (elective Caesarean section). Samples of amniotic fluid, placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical venous and, where possible, umbilical arterial blood were collected at delivery (37-41 weeks of gestation). Maternal blood was sampled during labour. Fluid and tissue extracts were assayed for IL-1 alpha and IL-6 by radioimmunoassay. Placenta and membranes were examined histologically for evidence of infection. Concentrations of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 in amniotic fluid and membrane extract, and IL-1 alpha in maternal and fetal blood, were raised after the onset of labour. Concentrations of both cytokines in the placenta remained unchanged. There was a good correlation between concentrations of both cytokines in amniotic fluid and membranes. There was also a significant correlation between concentrations of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 in amniotic fluid, placenta and membranes. It is suggested that the fetal membranes or maternal decidua, but not the placenta, internal fetal or maternal tissues, are the main sources of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 during labour.

Pharmacokinetics of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, and fetolethality in the third-trimester pregnant guinea pig for oral administration of acute, multiple-dose ethanol

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Clarke ◽  
Nancy A. E. Steenaart ◽  
Christopher J. Slack ◽  
James F. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

The pharmacokinetics of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, were determined in the third-trimester pregnant guinea pig (56–59 days gestation) for oral intubation of four doses of 1 g ethanol/kg maternal body weight, administered at 1-h intervals. Animals (n = 4–7) were sacrificed at each of selected times during the 26-h study. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined by headspace gas-liquid chromatography. The maternal and fetal blood ethanol concentration–time curves were virtually superimposable, which indicated unimpeded bidirectional placental transfer of ethanol in the matemal–fetal unit. The blood and brain ethanol concentrations were similar in each of the maternal and fetal compartments during the study, which indicated rapid equilibrium distribution of ethanol. There was accumulation of ethanol in the amniotic fluid resulting in higher ethanol concentration compared with maternal and fetal blood during the elimination phase, which indicated that the amniotic fluid may serve as a reservoir for ethanol in utero. Acetaldehyde was measurable in all the biological fluids and tissues at concentrations that were at least 1000-fold less than the respective ethanol concentrations and were variable. There was ethanol-induced fetolethality that was delayed and variable among animals, and was 55% at 23 h. At this time interval, the ethanol concentrations in maternal blood and brain, fetal brain, and amniotic fluid were 35- to 53-fold greater and the acetaldehyde concentrations in maternal blood and fetal brain were four- to five-fold higher in the animals with dead fetuses compared with the guinea pigs with live litters. These data indicated that decreased ethanol elimination from the maternal–fetal unit was related temporally to the fetolethality.

Lamotrigine in pregnancy – therapeutic drug monitoring in maternal blood, amniotic fluid, and cord blood

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Paulzen ◽  
Sarah E. Lammertz ◽  
Tanja Veselinovic ◽  
Tamme W. Goecke ◽  
Christoph Hiemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
In Pregnancy

Sertraline in pregnancy – Therapeutic drug monitoring in maternal blood, amniotic fluid and cord blood

2017 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Paulzen ◽  
Tamme W. Goecke ◽  
Elmar Stickeler ◽  
Gerhard Gründer ◽  
Georgios Schoretsanitis
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
In Pregnancy

Distribution of relaxin between human maternal and fetal circulations and amniotic fluid

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Johnson ◽  
A. Abbas ◽  
K. H. Nicolaides ◽  
S. L. Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Blood Samples

ABSTRACT Relaxin was measured in maternal blood and amniotic fluid samples at 9–40 weeks and in fetal blood samples at 19–41 weeks of pregnancy. In amniotic fluid, concentrations of relaxin rose from 58 ng/1 (geometric mean) at 10 weeks to 142 ng/l at 14 weeks and declined subsequently to 55 ng/l at 22 weeks. In maternal blood, mean relaxin concentrations were ten times greater than in amniotic fluid, and concentrations decreased with gestation. Since there was no significant association between the relaxin concentrations in the two compartments, relaxin in the amniotic fluid may be derived from the decidualized endometrium rather than the maternal circulation, alternatively its metabolism may be different in the two compartments. The absence of detectable concentrations of relaxin in any of the fetal blood samples demonstrates that there is no significant placental transfer or fetal synthesis of this peptide. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 313–317

Disposition of barbiturates in maternal blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid

1969 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Carrier ◽  
Arthur S. Hume ◽  
Ben H. Douglas ◽  
Winfred L. Wiser
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Fetal Blood

Amniotic Fluid Index and Mean Diastolic Maternal Blood Pressure in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Herbert Valensise ◽  
Raffaele Conforti ◽  
Dario Cipriani ◽  
Donatella Dell'anna ◽  
Alessandra Petruio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Maternal Blood Pressure ◽  
In Pregnancy
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