314 EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS USING A NOVEL TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY PROTOCOL IN JAPANESE BLACK COWS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
A. Gaja ◽  
C. Kubota ◽  
T. Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Plasma

The present study aims to establish a novel practical protocol for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows by using transrectal ultrasonography. The protocol is based on measurements of corpus luteum (CL) cross-sectional area (CL c-s area) change performed at 2 separate days before the coming estrus after AI. Fourteen cows were inseminated artificially, and transrectal ultrasonographical observation of the ovaries and blood collection for measurement of peripheral plasma progesterone (P4) concentration were carried out daily from Days 12 to 23 (Day 0 = the day of onset of estrus). Thereafter, cows were routinely diagnosed for pregnancy at Day 30 by transrectal ultrasonography. The largest CL c-s area was obtained at Day 14 in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Seven out of 8 non-pregnant cows showed significant CL c-s area regression between Days 14 and 20 (422 ± 112 v. 249 ± 63 mm2), whereas no regression was observed between Days 14 and 20 in pregnant cows (416 ± 65 v. 402 ± 78 mm2). The regression in the CL c-s area between pregnant and non-pregnant cows was significantly different during Day 18 (424 ± 65 v. 288 ± 88 mm2) to Day 23 (402 ± 71 v. 139 ± 64 mm2). P4 concentration was significantly low (less than 1 ng mL–1) at Day 20 in 3 out of 8 non-pregnant cows, whereas the pregnant cows showed significant increase of P4 between Days 14 and 20 (2.6 ± 0.2 v. 3.4 ± 0.5 ng mL–1). The pregnant cows showed significantly higher P4 concentration starting from Day 18 than non-pregnant cows. However, in non-pregnant cows, 4 cows returned to estrus on Day 20 or after, 3 cows showed no signs of estrus, and 1 cow came in estrus as early as Day 18 after AI. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that measuring the change in the CL c-s area at Days 14 and 20 makes it possible to detect the non-pregnant cows at Day 20 after AI. However, it was also indicated that measuring the change of P4 concentrations on the same days did not always successfully detect non-pregnant cows. The new protocol based on CL c-s area regression rate can detect almost certainly non-pregnant cows at Day 20 after AI. It is suggested that this method is advantageous in research and industrial breeding.

Low MPA Relative Cross Sectional Area Change Correlates With Decreased RV Function

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Roldan-Alzate ◽  
Scott B. Reeder ◽  
James R. Runo ◽  
Jonathan G. Keevil ◽  
Christopher Francois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Rv Function

Relation between torsion and cross-sectional area change in the human left ventricle

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.W.L. Aelen ◽  
T. Arts ◽  
D.G.M. Sanders ◽  
G.R.P. Thelissen ◽  
A.M.M. Muijtjens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Human Left Ventricle

SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE IN THE COW DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE, PREGNANCY, AT PARTURITION, AND POST-PARTUM

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Estrous Behavior

The progesterone concentration in peripheral plasma has been measured sequentially in individual cows during the estrous cycle, gestation, at parturition, and post-partum. During the estrous cycle the concentration was lowest just before, during, and just after estrus when the level (0.1–0.4 ng/ml) was similar to that found in three ovariectomized cows. The concentration commenced to rise on the 4th–6th day (day of estrus = 1st day), reached a peak of 3–6 ng/ml on the 11th–13th day, and dropped rapidly over a 24–48-hr period to a basal value 24–72 hr before the next estrus. In early pregnancy, the plasma progesterone concentration was similar to the maximum levels found during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Between 90 and 150 days there was an indication of a decline to a relatively low plasma progesterone concentration followed by a variable rise. Prior to parturition, there was a gradual decline over a period of 35–70 days reaching a level of <2.0 ng/ml the day before parturition. Following parturition, the level remained at <0.5 ng/ml until the first sign of the resumption of cyclic activity. The time for this to occur was very variable (20–>60 days). Although not conclusive, the evidence favors the view that for estrous behavior to occur, estrus must be preceded by luteal activity. The discharge of mucus can occur without previous luteal activity.

scholarly journals 204 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOME ULTRASONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CORPUS LUTEUM ANDPROGESTERONE VALUES IN CASPIAN MINIATURE MARES

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
F. Gharagozloo ◽  
A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Caspian Miniature Horse

Reproductive characteristics of the Caspian miniature horse have some similarities to other equine breeds, but several differences such as follicular wave pattern, multiple ovulations, and the size of ovulatory follicle have been reported. Still there are some other characteristics to be determined. This study was carried out to investigate ultrasonic and hormonal changes of the Caspian mares during estrus cycle. Eleven clinically healthy and cycling Caspian mares, aged 3–17 years and weighing 159–236 kg L.W., were used from April to July. Using an ultrasound scanner equipped with a 5-MHz, B-mode, linear array rectal transducer, formation of the corpus luteum was observed from Day 0 (day of ovulation), and changes in plasma progesterone were investigated by daily blood collection and assay by means of an RIA method. Repeated measure ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. The maximum size of the corpus luteum was seen at Day 3 postovulation (36.6 ± 1.91 mm), and remained up to 10 days after ovulation. At Days 10–11 a significant decrease in size was observed; thereafter gradual regression occurred and minimum size was reached by Days 16–17 (17.3 ± 1.46 and 16.9 ± 1.20 mm, respectively). The first significant increase in progesterone level was detected 24 h after ovulation and average high values of 8 ng/mL by Day 4 after ovulation. The average peak value of progesterone was detected on Days 7 to 10 of the cycle (11.6 ± 1.37 ng/mL) and remained so until Day 12. The lowest plasma progesterone concentration (less than 1 ng/mL) was observed from Day 14 till one day postovulation, coinciding with the CL regression found in sonographic observations. The results of this study revealed that the pattern of corpus luteum formation and Its changes in size and the plasma progesterone levels during the estrus cycle in this breed follow a pattern similar to that of other equine breeds. The authors wish to thank the University of Tehran for funding and Khojir stud farm for providing animals.

Effects of weight loss in ewes in early pregnancy on muscles and meat quality of lambs

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. KRAUSGRILL ◽  
N. M. TULLOH ◽  
W. R. SHORTHOSE ◽  
K. SHARPE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
The Cross

Three successive experiments, of similar design, were carried out during 1986–88 at Mount Derrimut, Australia. Mature Merino ewes were mated to Poll Dorset rams and then allocated to either a control group (C) or a treatment group (R). Ewes from each treatment were slaughtered 60, 70, 100 or 140 days post-conception and the development of their foetuses was compared in terms of body size and muscle characteristics. In Expts 1 and 2, some ewes were allowed to lamb and the progeny in each group were slaughtered after reaching a body weight of 35 kg, for comparison of growth rates, muscle characteristics and meat quality.In each experiment, treatment extended from mating to day 70 of pregnancy and, during this period, both groups were housed. Ewes in group C were kept as one group and fed ad libitum and ewes in group R were individually penned and fed a restricted ration of the same diet as that given to group C in order to achieve a steady loss of body weight. In Expt 1, this loss was 8 kg but, in Expts 2 and 3, feed intake was controlled according to condition score and, during this period, group R ewes lost 25–35% of their body weight at mating. After day 70, all ewes were kept grazing and were offered supplementary feed at rates sufficient for a steady increase in ewe body weights.Foetuses in group R were lower in body weight (P<0·05), crown-rump length (P<0·05) and girth (P<0·01). However, birth weights and mean ages of the 35 kg lambs at slaughter did not differ significantly between treatments.There were no significant differences between treatments for the semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles in total muscle weight, DNA content, protein content, nor in the ratios of muscle weight[ratio ]DNA and protein[ratio ]DNA. However, there were significant differences between experiments, which indicated that cell size in the ST and SM muscles was lower in Expt 2 than in Expt 1.In day 70 foetuses, the cross-sectional area of α fibres was greater (P<0·05) in group R than in group C but by day 140 the difference was no longer significant. At day 70, there was also a positive correlation (r=0·65, P<0·01) between the cross-sectional area of β fibres and the number of α fibres surrounding each of them. There were no significant differences between treatments at any age in the percentages of βR, αR and αW fibres.Meat from group R lambs was more tender than that from group C lambs as indicated by significantly lower means in the SM muscle for adhesion (P<0·01) and Warner–Bratzler Peak Force (WB PF) measurements (P<0·05).Although some effects of nutritional restriction were found, severe feed shortage in early pregnancy in sheep is unlikely to have significant effects on the production of prime lamb meat provided that adequate nutrition is available during late pregnancy and post-natal growth.

THE CONCENTRATION OF PROGESTERONE IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE PREGNANT EWE

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BASSETT ◽  
TANA J. OXBORROW ◽  
I. D. SMITH ◽  
G. D. THORBURN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

SUMMARY The progesterone concentration in the peripheral plasma of ewes throughout pregnancy has been determined by a protein-binding method. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the first 50 days of pregnancy (2–3 ng./ml.) were not significantly higher than peak concentrations during the luteal phase in cycling non-pregnant ewes, but there was no decrease in the concentration 15–20 days after mating as occurs in non-pregnant ewes. Between 50 and 120 days after mating the plasma progesterone concentration increased steadily to values 2–5 times that found in early pregnancy. These high concentrations were maintained until lambing. A decrease in progesterone concentration during the week preceding lambing was usually, but not always, observed. Mean plasma progesterone concentrations during the last 50 days of pregnancy in ewes with twins were approximately twice those in ewes with a single foetus.

scholarly journals Early pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography in dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Romano ◽  
James A. Thompson ◽  
David W. Forrest ◽  
Mark E. Westhusin ◽  
Michael A. Tomaszweski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis
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