Early pregnancy diagnosis at 21 days post artificial insemination using corpus luteum vascular perfusion compared to corpus luteum diameter and/or echogenicity in Nelore heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 106144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P.N. Andrade ◽  
F.S. Andrade ◽  
Y.B. Guerson ◽  
R.R. Domingues ◽  
V.E. Gomez-León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

Oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F2-alpha release is low in early bovine pregnancy but increases during the second month of pregnancy†

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica N Drum ◽  
Milo C Wiltbank ◽  
Pedro L J Monteiro ◽  
Alexandre B Prata ◽  
Rodrigo S Gennari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Oxytocin Receptors

Abstract Circulating prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM) after an oxytocin challenge was evaluated throughout the first 2 months of pregnancy in lactating Holstein cows. On day 11, 18, and 25 after artificial insemination (AI), and on days 32, 39, 46, 53, and 60 of pregnancy, cows were challenged with 50 IU oxytocin, i.m. Blood was collected before (0 min), 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after oxytocin for plasma PGFM concentrations. Ultrasound evaluations were performed for pregnancy diagnosis on day 32–60 post-AI. Nonpregnant (NP) cows on day 18 were designated by a lack of interferon-stimulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes and Pregnant (P) based on day 32 ultrasound. On day 11, P and NP were similar with low PGFM and no effect of oxytocin on PGFM. On day 18, oxytocin increased PGFM (3-fold) in NP with little change in P cows. Comparing only P cows from day 11 to 60, basal circulating PGFM increased as pregnancy progressed, with day 11 and 18, lower than all days from day 25 to 60 of pregnancy. Oxytocin-induced PGFM in P cows on day 25 was greater than P cows on day 18 (2.9-fold). However, oxytocin-induced PGFM was lower on day 25 compared to day 53 and 60, with intermediate values on day 32, 39, and 46 of pregnancy. Thus, the corpus luteum (CL) of early pregnancy (day 11, 18) is maintained by suppression of PGF, as reflected by suppressed PGFM in this study. However, during the second month of pregnancy, uterine PGF secretion was not suppressed since basal PGFM and oxytocin-induced PGFM secretion were elevated. Apparently, mechanisms other than suppression of oxytocin receptors maintain CL after day 25 of pregnancy.

314 EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS USING A NOVEL TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY PROTOCOL IN JAPANESE BLACK COWS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
A. Gaja ◽  
C. Kubota ◽  
T. Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Plasma

The present study aims to establish a novel practical protocol for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows by using transrectal ultrasonography. The protocol is based on measurements of corpus luteum (CL) cross-sectional area (CL c-s area) change performed at 2 separate days before the coming estrus after AI. Fourteen cows were inseminated artificially, and transrectal ultrasonographical observation of the ovaries and blood collection for measurement of peripheral plasma progesterone (P4) concentration were carried out daily from Days 12 to 23 (Day 0 = the day of onset of estrus). Thereafter, cows were routinely diagnosed for pregnancy at Day 30 by transrectal ultrasonography. The largest CL c-s area was obtained at Day 14 in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Seven out of 8 non-pregnant cows showed significant CL c-s area regression between Days 14 and 20 (422 ± 112 v. 249 ± 63 mm2), whereas no regression was observed between Days 14 and 20 in pregnant cows (416 ± 65 v. 402 ± 78 mm2). The regression in the CL c-s area between pregnant and non-pregnant cows was significantly different during Day 18 (424 ± 65 v. 288 ± 88 mm2) to Day 23 (402 ± 71 v. 139 ± 64 mm2). P4 concentration was significantly low (less than 1 ng mL–1) at Day 20 in 3 out of 8 non-pregnant cows, whereas the pregnant cows showed significant increase of P4 between Days 14 and 20 (2.6 ± 0.2 v. 3.4 ± 0.5 ng mL–1). The pregnant cows showed significantly higher P4 concentration starting from Day 18 than non-pregnant cows. However, in non-pregnant cows, 4 cows returned to estrus on Day 20 or after, 3 cows showed no signs of estrus, and 1 cow came in estrus as early as Day 18 after AI. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that measuring the change in the CL c-s area at Days 14 and 20 makes it possible to detect the non-pregnant cows at Day 20 after AI. However, it was also indicated that measuring the change of P4 concentrations on the same days did not always successfully detect non-pregnant cows. The new protocol based on CL c-s area regression rate can detect almost certainly non-pregnant cows at Day 20 after AI. It is suggested that this method is advantageous in research and industrial breeding.

scholarly journals RESEARCHES REGARDING ESTRUS INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONIZATION IN SOWS AFTER WEANING

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Liviu BOGDAN ◽  
Ioan GROZA ◽  
Mihai CENARIU ◽  
Simona CIUPE ◽  
Emoke PALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

The purpose of this paper was to improve the reproductive performances of sows after weaning in a private swine farm. The main objective was to implement modern reproductive biotechnologies (estrus synchronization, artificial insemination and early pregnancy diagnosis) in order to increase the economic efficiency of the reproductive sector of this farm. The biologic material used for the research was represented by 300 sows whose estrus was synchronized using three hormonal procedures (Regu-Mate administered collectively, Regu-Mate administered individually and PG600) as well as naturally, using stimulating boars. The results showed that the best methods of estrus induction and synchronization in sows use either Regu-Mate administered individually in fodder or PG600.

scholarly journals Saliva Crystallization in Cattle: New Possibility for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Skalova ◽  
Tamara Fedorova ◽  
Karolina Brandlova
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Synchronization Process ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Saliva sampling is a non-invasive, simple and low-cost procedure. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence and changes of saliva crystallization in domestic cattle during synchronized oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. We verified saliva crystallization as a method for early pregnancy diagnosis. Eight Holstein cows were included into the research. The samples were collected daily from 16th day before to 34th day after artificial insemination (in total 51 days). We observed the following types of crystallization: none, dotted, branch-like, fir-like, fern-like and combinations of them and an atypical pattern. We confirmed the presence of saliva crystallization in cattle and its changes during oestrus synchronization process, insemination and post-insemination periods. We found significant differences in pregnant and non-pregnant animals between 20th and 29th day after insemination. We concluded that pregnancy diagnosis by saliva crystallization might be possible but the practical application of this method is currently unfeasible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of synchronization protocols and methods of early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Shahzad ◽  
A. Sattar ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
I. Ahmad ◽  
M.S. Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
In Pregnancy

The studies aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rate (PR) for timed artificial insemination (TAI) after G7G-Ovsynch, modified G7G-Ovsynch (MG7G-Ovsynch) and Ovsynch protocols and to assess the accuracy of using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and plasma progesterone (P4) in pregnancy diagnosis compared with ultrasonography (US). In study 1, Holstein cows (n = 37) were bred by TAI following the G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 19) or MG7G-Ovsynch (n = 18). Pregnancy was evaluated by US at days 31, 59, and 87 after breeding. The PR was not different for the G7G-Ovsynch and MG7G-Ovsynch. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 3 after insemination and then weekly through day 59 post TAI in cows diagnosed as not pregnant on day 31 and through day 87 in pregnant cows. PAGs were measured using ELISA and P4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the second study, Holstein cows (n = 212) were bred by TAI following G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 110) or standard Ovsynch (n = 102). Cows were subjected to pregnancy diagnosis on days 30, 60, and 90. A subset (n = 15 in each group) was subjected to blood and milk samples on days 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 to measure PAGs and P4. In study 2, PR was not significantly different between synchronization protocols on days 30, 60, and 90. Pregnancy loss averaged 15% between day 30 and day 90. The use of PAGs and P4 proved equally effective in diagnosis of pregnancy. Thus, G7G-Ovsynch was deemed the protocol of choice in postpartum cows, and PAGs assayed in milk or plasma could be used to diagnose pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Foetal Ultrastructural Images Obtained from Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Does Using Transrectal and Transabdominal Probes of Ultrasound Scanner

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramli Abdullah ◽  
Fatin Mardhiah Mohd
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Real time B-mode ultrasound scanner becomes very effective tools to detect early pregnancy diagnosis in small ruminant such as goat. Ultrasound scanner used in two way which are transrectal and transabdominal probes. Transabdominal probe used as it is less harmful than transrectal probe. The objectives of the study are: 1) to detect the ultrastructural images in non-pregnant does for artificial insemination purposes using ultrasound scanner, 2) to diagnose of difference foetal ultrastructural images obtained during gestation period using ultrasound scanner and 3) to compare the foetal ultrastructural image obtained from trans-rectal and trans-abdominal probes of ultrasound scanner. There are three pregnant does and 26 non-pregnant does with two successfully delivered out of 29 totals does chosen in this experiment. The ultrastructural images visible are ‘C’ shape placentome, heartbeat, foetus and hydrometra. It is shown that the size of heart determines the age of foetus during gestation period. At the end of this study, the farmers should be exposed to this modern way to diagnose the pregnancy and non-pregnancy in does and another ruminant. The farmer is able to manage their farm management for pregnant does and ready the non-pregnant does with culling or rebreeding for second time. The result of the study would be an alternative reference to increase the production of milk and farm management in goat industry at UDGF and Malaysia especially. The ultrasound technique to diagnose pregnancy in goats.

scholarly journals The luteal blood flow, area and pixel intensity of corpus luteum, levels of progesterone in pregnant and nonpregnant mares in the period of 16 days after ovulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Šichtař ◽  
R. Rajmon ◽  
K. Hošková ◽  
D. Řehák ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

The objective of the present study was to examine if luteal blood flow (LBF) monitoring could be used as an additional prognostic tool for early pregnancy diagnosis, and we particularly focused on the differences in LBF between pregnant and nonpregnant mares. Furthermore, other possible developmental differences of corpus luteum (CL) between pregnant and nonpregnant mares were evaluated. The CL (n = 119) of 27 mares were monitored once daily in B- and Power-Doppler Mode on days 1, 2, 9, 12, and 16 after ovulation (day 0 = ovulation). The data were evaluated using the MIXED Linear Model with repeated measures, and parameters were estimated by the REML method. The course of LBF, area of CL, and pixel intensity differed in nonpregnant mares on a day-to-day basis in contrast to more stable values in pregnant mares. Further, the profiles of the courses were identical until day 9, but since day 12 the differences between pregnant and nonpregnant mares started to be prominent. The LBF, pixel intensity, and level of progesterone (P4) were similar in all mares until day 16, when smaller LBF, lower pixel intensity, and lower levels of P4 were found in nonpregnant mares (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, P < 0.05, respectively). In pregnant and nonpregnant mares the LBF was weakly (r = 0.29 in both) and pixel intensity strongly (r = 0.48 and 0.59, respectively) correlated to the levels of P4. LBF was strongly correlated to the area of CL in pregnant as well as nonpregnant mares (r = 0.72 and 0.64, respectively). In accordance with the results presented in our study we can state that LBF monitoring is not a suitable tool for early pregnancy diagnosis or prognosis as the differences between pregnant and nonpregnant mares are notable – similarly to other indicators of CL status – just after the onset of luteolysis (day 16) when embryo itself is detectable.  

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