Biology of Aganippine trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
BY Main
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Burrow Structure ◽  
Three New Species

A taxonomic revision of the tribe Aganippini (Ctenizidae) is made. The genus Blakistonia Hogg is excluded from the tribe, Gaius Rainbow is synonymized with Anidiops Pocock, and Eucyrtops Pocock is re-instated. The group now consists of the four genera Aganippe Cambridge, Idiosoma Ausserer, Anidiops, and Eucyrtops. The former 23 species of the tribe are reduced to nine, and three new species are described, making a total of 12 valid species. Allotypes of five species, previously known only from one sex, are designated and described. Many characters customarily used in mygalomorph taxonomy are criticized and shown to be inadequate. Observations on the life histories and natural history of the species are recorded. The adaptive function of different burrow and door structures is discussed. Distribution of species in relation to particular habitat types in the general environment is mentioned. Parallel adaptation of a specialized foraging behaviour ("twig-lining", whereby spiders attach twigs to the rim of the burrow in such a way that they are utilized as "feeling lines" when foraging) is recorded for seven species in three genera. Twig-lining appears to be an adaptation to relatively dry habitats where the food supply is less abundant. By this method of foraging, animals increase their area of search for food. A relationship between morphology and behaviour is noted. Certain morphological features, in particular the eyes, are shown to be correlated with burrow structure, including door type, and foraging behaviour. The evolutionary radiation of the tribe is shown to be the result of ecological expansion. Postulated phylogeny of the tribe is outlined. Derivation of the genus Idiosoma from Aganippe is postulated. It is suggested that this has been due to "block" inheritance of several characters (which together have adaptive superiority), and which are assorting independently in other species. These characters, when inherited together, mark the irreversible culmination of the adaptive trend of twig-lining, the initial stages of which are exhibited by the adaptively plastic species of Aganippe and Anidiops.

Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Parastagmatoptera Saussure, 1871 (Dictyoptera, Mantidae, Stagmatopterinae) with a biogeographic comment

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Lombardo ◽  
Rita Umbriaco ◽  
Salvatrice Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Previously Treated

A full taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genusParastagmatopteraSaussure is presented, including the description of two new species:Parastagmatoptera bororoisp.n. andParastagmatoptera sottileisp.n.The following species are synonyms:Parastagmatoptera tessellataSaussure & Zehntnersyn.n.(male nec female) andParastagmatoptera hoorieCaudellsyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera flavoguttata(Serville);Parastagmatoptera confusaG.-Tossyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera pellucidaG.-Tos;Parastagmatoptera tessellataSaussure & Zehntnersyn.n.(female nec male),Parastagmatoptera serricornisKirbysyn.n.andParastagmatoptera vitrepennisBrunersyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera unipunctata(Burmeister);Parastagmatoptera concolorJantschsyn.n.ofParastagmatoptera theresopolitanaG.-Tos.Parastagmatoptera vitreola(Stål), previously treated as a synonym ofParastagmatoptera flavoguttatais returned to species status;P. flavoguttata var. immaculataChopard is recognized as a valid species.Parastagmatoptera amazonicaWerner andParastagmatoptera glauca(Rehn) are transferred to the subfamily Photinainae. In total, nine species are recognized, each of which is presented with a diagnosis, a full description, assessments, distribution data and a comprehensive bibliography. A taxonomic history of the genus and its species is provided. A key to allParastagmatopteraspecies is included and each is fully illustrated. Comments about the biogeography ofParastagmatopteraare also presented.

A taxonomic revision of the southern African species of the subgenus Creightonella Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachile Latreille)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3159 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONNAL EARDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
African Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
History Of

The southern African species of Megachile (Creightonella) are revised. Twelve valid species are recognised, one of whichis new, Megachile serrula sp. n., and four are only known from the female. Ten new synonymies are recorded. Megachilecognata var. claripennis Friese, Megachile natalensis Friese are synonymized with Megachile cognata Smith. Megachileconsanguinea zamelaena Cockerell is synonymized with Megachile ianthoptera Smith. Megachile hopilitis Vachal,Megachile vanderysti Cockerell, Megachile triangulifera kivuicola Cockerell, and Megachile heptadonta Cockerell aresynonymized with Megachile angulata Smith. Four new lectotypes were designated; they are Megachile natalensis Friese,M. discolor Smith, M. cornigera Friese and M. braunsiana Friese. The nomenclatorial history of each species is documented, diagnoses are given, food plants are recorded and distribution maps are provided.

A taxonomic revision of the South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5027 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
EVERTON E. NAZARÉ-SILVA ◽  
FERNANDO A.B. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Three New Species

The South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) are reviewed. In this work, 10 valid species and two subspecies are recognized for the genus. Among these species, five are recorded in South America, including three new species: P. perplexus (LeConte, 1847), P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847), P. vazdemelloi new species, P. pantanensis new species, and P. chaquensis new species. A lectotype is designated for P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847). In this revision, each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, an identification key for the South American species, a diagnosis, descriptions, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of examined material, and geographic distribution.  

Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Chlorotabanus Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Tabanidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2656 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIAGO KÜTTER KROLOW ◽  
AUGUSTO LOUREIRO HENRIQUES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
New Synonymy

The genus Chlorotabanus Lutz is revised herein based on examination of external morphology of type material and specimens from Brazilian and international institutions (total of 2,134 specimens, 201 males and 1,933 females). Eight currently valid species are recognized: C. crepuscularis (Bequaert, 1926); C. fairchildi Wilkerson, 1979; C. flagellatus Krolow & Henriques, 2009; C. inanis (Fabricius, 1787); C. leucochlorus Fairchild, 1961; C. mexicanus (Linnaeus, 1758); C. ochreus Philip & Fairchild, 1956; C. parviceps (Kröber, 1934). Three new species are described: C. falsiflagellatus n. sp. (Brazil, Amazonas), C. leuconotus n. sp. (Amazon region) and C. microceratus n. sp. (Brasil, Maranhão). Tabanus tetrapunctus Thunberg, 1827, previously synonymous with C. mexicanus, here is synonymous with C. crepuscularis (new synonymy). We provide diagnosis, descriptions, redescriptions, distribution records, illustrations and discussion for all species, as well as a dichotomous key for identification of females.

THREE NEW SPECIES AND A NEW SUBSPECIES OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM ASIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. TEBBITT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Compound Leaf ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Palmately Compound Leaf

Four new Asian taxa are described and illustrated as part of a forthcoming taxonomic revision of the cultivated species of Begonia (Begoniaceae). The new species B. argenteomarginata (sect. Symbegonia) is described from Papua New Guinea. Two new species from section Petermannia are described: B. polilloensis from the Philippines and B. rachmatii from Sulawesi, Indonesia, both of which are unusual in having palmately compound leaf blades. A key is provided for these and a previously described species, B. oligandra, also with palmately compound leaf blades and in section Petermannia. The new subspecies B. brevirimosa subsp. exotica (sect. Petermannia) is described from the Central Range of Papua New Guinea and a brief history of its cultivation is presented.

The forgotten origin of Acanthobothrium Blanchard, 1848 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3505 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
DENIS JACOB MACHADO ◽  
FERNANDO PORTELLA DE LUNA MARQUES
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material

The genus Acanthobothrium assembles a set of cosmopolitan onchobothriid tapeworms parasites of elasmobranchs. Despite its clear diagnostic features, which include a scolex with four bothridia each bearing three loculi and a pair of bipronged hooks, this genus is represented by species that possess a diversity of morphologies and host lineages (e.g. rays, skates, guitarfishes, and sharks; Campbell & Beveridge 2002; Zschoche et al. 2011). The wide distribution of this genus, its diverse morphology, and, perhaps most importantly, its lengthy and complex taxonomic history likely account for the fact that, to date, the absolute number of valid species, of potentially more than 200 nominal species, cannot be assigned to the genus with certainty. Clearly, a taxonomic revision of this group is overdue; a task that certainly will only be accomplished by collaborative efforts of cestodologists around the globe, given the widespread distribution of its species and the necessity of collecting new material to verify host identities and morphology in many cases. It is not our purpose here to provide such a revision. However, in order to get the basis for such a task, it is our intention to clarify the authorship, date of publication, type species, and type host of Acanthobothrium. To the best of our understanding, these have been mistakenly assigned throughout the taxonomic history of the genus.

Johnwellsia, a new intertidal genus of Parastenheliidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Taiwan Strait, China, including a review of the family and key to genera

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5051 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-318
Author(s):  
RONY HUYS ◽  
FANGHONG MU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Species Inquirendae

A new genus of Parastenheliidae, Johnwellsia gen. nov., is proposed for its type and only species, J. bipartita sp. nov., collected from Dadeji Beach in Xiamen, Taiwan Strait, China. The intricate taxonomic history of the family is reviewed with special emphasis on its type genus Parastenhelia Thompson & Scott, 1903. It is concluded that P. hornelli Thompson & Scott, 1903 is the type of the genus and that the widely adopted previous designation of Harpacticus spinosus Fischer, 1860 as type species of Parastenhelia is invalid. The taxonomic concept of Parastenhelia is restricted to the hornelli­-group which includes four valid species: P. hornelli, P. similis Thompson & Scott, 1903, P. oligochaeta Wells & Rao, 1987, and P. willemvervoorti sp. nov.                 The currently accepted concept of Parastenhelia spinosa as a highly variable cosmopolitan species is rejected. The genus Microthalestris Sars, 1905 (type: Thalestris forficula Claus, 1863) is resurrected to accommodate most Parastenhelia species that were previously placed in the spinosa-group. Two species, Thalestris forficuloides Scott & Scott, 1894 and Parastenhelia antarctica Scott, 1912, are reinstated as valid members of the genus which further includes Parastenhelia gracilis Brady, 1910, Microthalestris littoralis Sars, 1911, P. costata Pallares, 1982, P. minuta Pallares, 1982, P. bulbosa Gee, 2006 and five new species: M. campbelliensis sp. nov.; M. polaris sp. nov.; M. santacruzensis sp. nov.; M. sarsi sp. nov. and M. variabilis sp. nov. Both the type species, Thalestris forficula, and Harpacticus spinosus are considered species inquirendae in Microthalestris. Three new genera are proposed to accommodate the remaining Parastenhelia species. Porirualia gen. nov. contains P. megarostrum Wells, Hicks & Coull, 1982 (type) and P. pyriformis Song, Kim & Chang, 2003, and is the sistergroup of Johnwellsia gen. nov. Parastenhelia aydini Kuru & Karaytuğ, 2015 is placed in the monotypic genus Karaytugia gen. nov. while all species with penicillate elements on the antenna and P1 are transferred to Penicillicaris gen. nov., including Thalestris pectinimana Car, 1884, which is removed from the synonyms of the Parastenhelia spinosa (Fischer, 1860) “complex”, and three new species: P. maldivensis sp. nov., P. penicillata sp. nov., and P. sewelli sp. nov.                 The genus Karllangia Noodt, 1964 (type: K. arenicola Noodt, 1964) is relegated to a junior subjective synonym of Thalestrella Monard, 1935a (type: T. ornatissima Monard, 1935a). New or updated diagnoses for each genus, and differential diagnoses for species where appropriate, are provided. A key to the ten currently recognized genera in the Parastenheliidae is presented as well as keys to species for Parastenhelia, Microthalestris, Thalestrella and Penicillicaris gen. nov.  

A comparative study of the life histories of Nematodirus battus and N. filicollis, nematode parasites of sheep

Parasitology ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 374-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comparative Description

1. The life history of N. battus is described, and a comparative description of the life history of N. filicollis is given.2. The life histories of these two species are compared with those of N. spathiger and N. helvetianus, two closely related species, and are shown to follow the same basic pattern, with minor variations in timing which appear to be specific in nature, and not related to differences in culture methods or host species.3. The pathogenesis of Nematodirus species is discussed and related to the migration of larvae into the intestinal mucosa during development.

III.—The Life-history and Cytology of Didymium nigripes Fr.

1932 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie J. Cadman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Groups

Since 1860, in which year De Bary published his great work Die Mycetozoen, the investigation of the life-history of members of the Mycetozoa has aroused a considerable amount of interest, and a great deal of important research has been carried out in this connection. The group of organisms is particularly interesting, because it lies on the borderline between plant and animal kingdoms, and it is very possible that a detailed investigation of several species of the Mycetozoa might be of considerable assistance in elucidating certain obscure points in the life-histories of higher members of both the great natural groups. The term “Mycetozoa,” which we owe to De Bary, will be used throughout in preference to the older term “Myxogastres” invented by Fries (32, p. 2), and that of “Myxomycetes” first employed by Link (32, p. 2). “Mycetozoon,” or “fungus-like animal,” is a very appropriate description of a member of the group, since during part of its life-history it exhibits distinctly animal-like characters, and the individuals move rapidly by means of flagella, whilst later, during the development of the sporangium, a plant-like form is assumed. The combination of plant and animal characters has given rise to much discussion as to the position of the Mycetozoa in plant or animal kingdom, and the group has been claimed by both zoologists and botanists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document