Observations on the corpus luteum during pregnancy and lactation in the marsupials Isooson macrous and Perameles nasuta

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Lyne ◽  
DE Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Tissue Component ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue Component ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Formed Structure

Ovaries from the bandicoots I. macrourus and P. nasuta, collected during pregnancy and lactation, were examined macroscopically and with the light microscope. The mean number of corpora lutea (CL) was greater in I. macrourus (5.13) than in P. nasuta (3.31). This difference in ovulation rate was reflected in the mean number of embryos and the mean number of pouch young respectively (I. macrourus 4.05, 3.07; P. nasuta 2.63, 2.65). During the first few days of pregnancy, the transformation of follicle granulosa cells into luteal cells was accompanied by the intrusion of the theca, which produced a network of blood vessels and connective tissue. A conspicuous feature of the developing CL was the presence of pools of blood between the luteal cells. By 5-6 days of pregnancy, the CL was a fully formed structure, the central cavity having been filled in by hypertrophy of the luteal cells and an increase in the connective tissue which formed a central core. The luteal cells had almost reached their maximum size and they contained numerous lipid droplets. Mitoses of luteal cells were not evident at any stage in the formation of the CL or later, though some of the luteal cells had two or more nuclei. The structure of the CL and the diameter of the luteal cells and their nuclei remained almost constant until regression occurred after the 45th day of the 60-day lactation period. Regression of the CL was characterized by a marked reduction in the size of the luteal cells and their nuclei as well as an increase in the connective tissue component. Diameters and volumes of the CL were similar in the two species, reaching maxima during the second half of pregnancy and changing very little until the 45th day of lactation, after which they decreased rapidly. This decline occurred whether or not the animals subsequently ovulated during the last quarter of the lactation period.

Reproduction in the mountain possum, Trichosurus caninus (Ogilby), in captivity

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Smith ◽  
RA How
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
The Mean

Reproduction was studied in eight female T. caninus held in captivity in Armidale, N.S.W., for up to 5 yr. Oestrus was diagnosed from the vast increase in epithelial cells in the vaginal smear, post-oestrus being detected by the appearance of many leucocytes and of some elongate epithelial cells. The mean of 17 oestrous cycles was 26.4+- 1.0 days and the mean of 10 gestation periods was 16.2+-0.2 days. The teats evert and the female first ovulates at the end of her 2nd year, but no captive female gave birth till near the end of her 3rd year. In the anatomy of the uteri and vaginae, T. caninus resembles T. vulpecula but the ovaries of T. caninus are markedly distinguished by the presence of up to seven large corpora lutea. Although the weight of the luteal tissue may contribute as much as 83.9 % of the total ovarian weight, there is no evidence from the uteri that these large corpora lutea are functional in hormone secretion. The luteal cells are large but vacuolated and are separated by a well developed network of connective tissue. As the corpora lutea persist throughout the life of the animal, it is suggested that their number be used to indicate the maximum age of the animal.

scholarly journals The immunohistochemical presence and distribution of ghrelin, apelin and their receptors in dog ovaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pirino ◽  
Margherita Maranesi ◽  
Angela Polisca ◽  
Alessandro Troisi ◽  
Cecilia Dall'Aglio
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

The activity of ghrelin, apelin and their receptors has been correlated to the control of some infectious diseases, besides the hypothesis of their role in the control of some peripheral organs, among which ovaries. The aim of the present work was to highlight the presence and distribution of ghrelin, apelin and cognate receptors in the ovaries of pregnant bitches, by means of immunohistochemical techniques. Apelin, its receptor and the receptor of ghrelin were highlighted in the corpora lutea, with a particular localization in the cytoplasm of some luteal cells. Instead, a positive reaction for ghrelin was evident in the walls of small arteries in the connective tissue. These results allowed us to hypothesize that these molecules intervene in the control of ovaries in pregnant bitches, suggesting autocrine/paracrine mechanisms of regulation.

CORPORA LUTEA IN SENILE VIRGIN LABORATORY RATS

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Size ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARY The maximum size of the corpora lutea in senile virgin rats exceeds that of the corpora lutea of ovulation of young animals, and corresponds to that usually associated with pseudopregnancy or mid-pregnancy. The larger size of these corpora lutea is due to enlargement of the individual luteal cells and not to an increase in their number.

Size distribution of steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic ovine luteal cells throughout pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ş. Arikan ◽  
A. A. Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Steroidogenic Cells

AbstractThe present study examines the size distribution of ovine steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic luteal cells throughout pregnancy. Cells were isolated from corpora lutea collected from early (< 8 weeks), mid (9 to 14 weeks) or late (15 to 18 weeks) stages of pregnancy. Cells were stained for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity, a marker for steroidogenic cells. Both 3β-HSD positive and β-HSD negative cells covered a wide spectrum of size ranging from 7 to 37 μm in diameter. There was a significant increase (P > 0·01) in mean diameter of non-steroidogenic luteal cells as pregnancy progressed. Mean diameter of 3β-HSD negative cells increased from 17·8 (s.e. 0·4) μm in the corpus luteum of early stage of pregnancy to 22·4 (s.e. 0·3) μm in the corpus luteum of advanced pregnancy. However, there was no significant increase in the mean diameter of 3β-HSD positive cells. Corpora lutea obtained from early stages of the pregnancy contained more steroidogenic cells than the cells obtained from mid and late pregnancy (P < 0·01). Percentage of 3β-HSD negative cells had increased 2·07-fold by 18 weeks of pregnancy when compared with the early stage of pregnancy. In contrast, percentage of 3β-HSD positive cells had decreased to 50% of starting values during the same period (P < 0·05). These results indicate that the ovine corpus luteum of pregnancy is morphologically dynamic over the course of pregnancy. Steroidogenic activity of luteal cells may decrease as pregnancy progresses, especially activity of the large luteal cells.

Reproduction in a laboratory colony of the marsupial mouse Sminthopsis larapinta (Mardupialia : Dasyuridae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The Third ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
North Western

A laboratory colony of S. larapinta was established with three females and four males received from north-western Queensland. Over a period of two and a half years 109 young were born and second-generation descendants were produced. In the third breeding season oestrous cycles were irregular and, in the few instances where copulation was recorded, this was associated with almost 100% prenatal mortality. The colony became extinct without the cause being definitely established. In Adelaide S. larapinta had a well-defined breeding season with all females either pregnant or in oestrus from July to February. From March until June all the females were in anoestrus. The males produced sperm throughout the year. A technique was developed for determining the length of the oestrous cycle, based upon the incidence of epithelial cells in the urine. S. larapinta is polyoestrous, with a mean cycle length of 26.25�0.5 days. Gestation occupies 12.5 days, and a maximum of eight young remain in the pouch, attached to the teats, for 40 days. They are suckled in the nest for a further 30 days. Weaning takes place at 70 days, and the young females come into oestrus from 4 months of age onwards. Twenty female reproductive tracts were sectioned and examined and the anatomy and histology described briefly. The mean number of ova shed per ovulation was 30.6 (n = 12) with one instance of 40. The corpora lutea are formed rapidly, and reach their maximum size towards the end of pregnancy. They have completely regressed by the seventh week of lactation. The young are born through a pseudovaginal canal which extends from the median vagina to the urogenital sinus. This closes within 24-48 hr of parturition. The high "pre-pouch" and litter mortality observed during this study is discussed.

Tympanosclerosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Schiff ◽  
Antonio Catanzaro ◽  
Jacques F. Poliquin ◽  
Allen F. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Tissue Component ◽  
Connective Tissue Component

Tympanosclerosis is a disease which affects the tympanic membrane (TM) and middle ear. The locus for the essential pathology is in the connective tissue component of the drum which is the lamina propria. In the middle ear, the pathology is in the basement membrane. In the early stages there is a minimal involvement of the mesenchymal component, usually seen as a small white macula, or scar, in the drum. In advanced disease, the hyalinization of the mesenchymal component together with the attraction of the calcium ion leads to a thick, dense, calcified scar. The theory of pathogenesis for this disease entity is that the connective tissue component of these structures is stimulated by infection, inflammation, or trauma involving some degree of local immunological hypersensitivity. With severe middle ear infection, the mucosa of the inner surface of the drum becomes permeable, and the ground substance of the lamina propria becomes edematous taking up water together with components of complement from the middle ear disease. The abnormal middle ear secretions contain the immunoglobulin components capable of participating in the process. If there is any damage to the connective tissue, the adsorption and repair permits the body to react immunologically against the destroyed tissue, thereby sensitizing this area. Experiments were performed with the guinea pig in which the tympanic membrane was removed and the lamina propria isolated and prepared as an immunological antigen. When this material was injected into the rabbits, a high, satisfactory antiguinea pig tympanic membrane antibody was formed (anti-GPTM). It was then possible to remove this anti-GPTM antibody from the serum. The tissue specificity was determined by immunofluorescent staining which showed it to be adsorbed onto the TM, middle ear mucosa, as well as the basement membrane of the respiratory tract. The guinea pigs which were passively sensitized with anti-GPTM antiserum demonstrated the binding of the antibodies on the tympanic membrane when subject to trauma, infection, or cautery. The manifestation was in the anatomical area related to the injury. Complement fixation was, likewise, demonstrated. Controlled animals which were not traumatized, or were not passively sensitized, included those which were injected with IgG from rabbits not sensitized against GPTM. They showed no fixation of antibody or complement in the TM. Following injury the antibody and complement bound to the TM provide the necessary elements for the subsequent immunopathologic disease entity known at tympanosclerosis.

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