Evolutionary Relationships of the Australasian Mud-Nesters (Grallinidae, Corcoracidae) - Immunological Evidence

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
R Schodde ◽  
L Christidis ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
J Birrell
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dna Hybridisation ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation

The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Australasian mud-nesters (Corcorax, Struthidea and Grallina) were examined by microcomplement fixation, and the results compared with morphological and DNA-DNA hybridisation data. There was general corroboration among all data sets such that (1) Corcorax and Struthidea were well-diverged members of a single lineage related to corvoids, and (2) Grallina comprised two species (Australian G. cyanoleuca and New Guinean G. bruijni) closely allied to Myiagra among the monarch flycatchers (Monarchidae). The immunological data also indicated that Corcorax and Struthidea were closer to Corvus (Corvinae) than to some other members of that subfamily identified by DNA-DNA hybridisation. There was further corroboration of evidence from DNA-DNA hybridisation for an endemic radiation among Australo-Papuan passerine families.

Albumin Immunological Relationships of Australian Marsupials. 2. The Pseudocheiridae

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
J Birrell ◽  
GM Mckay
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation

Microcomplement fixation of albumin was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among the ringtail possums, family Pseudocheiridae. Phylogenetic analysis of the data supports the hypothesis of at least three distinct clades within the family: one containing Petauroides and Hemibelideus; a second consisting of Pseudocheirus herbertensis, Ps. forbesi, Ps. mayeri, and Ps. canescens; and a third containing Ps. archeri, Ps. corinnae, Ps. cupreus and Ps. dahli. The data have not resolved the phylogenetic position of Ps. peregrinus, which may either form a separate clade or lie close to the Ps. archeri clade.

scholarly journals Temporal ranges and ancestry in the hominin fossil record: The case of Australopithecus sediba

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Robinson ◽  
Timothy L. Campbell ◽  
Susanne Cote ◽  
Darryl J. de Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Genus Homo ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fossil Hominin

In attempting to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of fossil taxa, researchers can use evidence from two sources – morphology and known temporal ranges. For most taxa, the available evidence is stronger for one of these data sources. We examined the limitations of temporal data for reconstructing hominin evolutionary relationships, specifically focusing on the hypothesised ancestor–descendant relationship between Australopithecus sediba and the genus Homo. Some have implied that because the only known specimens of A. sediba are dated to later than the earliest fossils attributed to Homo, the former species is precluded from being ancestral to the latter. However, A. sediba is currently known from one site dated to 1.98 Ma and, thus, its actual temporal range is unknown. Using data from the currently known temporal ranges of fossil hominin species, and incorporating dating error in the analysis, we estimate that the average hominin species’ temporal range is ~0.97 Myr, which is lower than most figures suggested for mammalian species generally. Using this conservative figure in a thought experiment in which the Malapa specimens are hypothesised to represent the last appearance date, the middle of the temporal range, and first appearance date for the species, the first appearance date of A. sediba would be 2.95, 2.47 and 1.98 Ma, respectively. As these scenarios are all equally plausible, and 2.95 Ma predates the earliest specimens that some have attributed to Homo, we cannot refute the hypothesis that the species A. sediba is ancestral to our genus based solely on currently available temporal data.

Perspectives on the Evolution and Diversification of the Diatoms

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Julius
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Existing Data

The understanding of diatom evolution has progressed greatly over the last two decades. Existing data sets have been reanalyzed, new data sets have been generated, and new tools have been employed. Hindering progress is the seemingly endless number of diatom species remaining to be described and relative small number of investigators active in the field. This problem is further confounded by the dramatic reorganization of generic level classification in the group. Despite these problems, many conclusions can be made about prior hypotheses concerning the group's development. Most notably, the origin of the diatoms can be bracketed between the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic using fossil record and molecular clock estimates. This combination of techniques has also provided consensus and clarification to the origin and duration of specific lineages enhancing our understanding of the group's diversification, early ecology, and evolutionary relationships.

The Evolution of Species of the Varanidae - Microcomplement Fixation Analysis of Serum Albumins

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
D King ◽  
M King ◽  
J Birrell ◽  
M Krieg
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation

Phylogenetic relationships among 30 of the 40 species in the Varanidae were examined in the light of molecular information on albumin evolution derived from microcomplement fixation. A phylogeny based on these results is compared with proposed phylogenies based on data obtained using other techniques. Three separate radiations of Varanus are found in Australia, The movement of varanids to Australia from south-east Asia is thought to have occurred approximately 15-20 million years ago.

Bayesian Tip-Dated Phylogenetics in Paleontology: Topological Effects and Stratigraphic Fit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict King
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Diversification Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tree Topologies ◽  
Birth Death

Abstract The incorporation of stratigraphic data into phylogenetic analysis has a long history of debate but is not currently standard practice for paleontologists. Bayesian tip-dated (or morphological clock) phylogenetic methods have returned these arguments to the spotlight, but how tip dating affects the recovery of evolutionary relationships has yet to be fully explored. Here I show, through analysis of several data sets with multiple phylogenetic methods, that topologies produced by tip dating are outliers as compared to topologies produced by parsimony and undated Bayesian methods, which retrieve broadly similar trees. Unsurprisingly, trees recovered by tip dating have better fit to stratigraphy than trees recovered by other methods under both the Gap Excess Ratio (GER) and the Stratigraphic Completeness Index (SCI). This is because trees with better stratigraphic fit are assigned a higher likelihood by the fossilized birth-death tree model. However, the degree to which the tree model favors tree topologies with high stratigraphic fit metrics is modulated by the diversification dynamics of the group under investigation. In particular, when net diversification rate is low, the tree model favors trees with a higher GER compared to when net diversification rate is high. Differences in stratigraphic fit and tree topology between tip dating and other methods are concentrated in parts of the tree with weaker character signal, as shown by successive deletion of the most incomplete taxa from two data sets. These results show that tip dating incorporates stratigraphic data in an intuitive way, with good stratigraphic fit an expectation that can be overturned by strong evidence from character data. [fossilized birth-death; fossils; missing data; morphological clock; morphology; parsimony; phylogenetics.]

Evolutionary Relationships in Peromyscus: Congruence in Chromosomal, Genic, and Classical Data Sets

1984 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Stangl ◽  
R. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Data Sets

The problematic phylogenetic analysis of interlocus heteropolymer isozyme characters: a case study from sea snakes and cobras

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2628-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Sea Snakes

Multiple cases of parallel advancement (isozyme silencing) of L-lactate dehydrogenase heterotetramer isozymes are encountered when the observed isozyme patterns are superimposed on a well-corroborated cladogram depicting the phylogenetic relationships of some sea snakes, cobras, and coral snakes. This finding may be common among similar data sets because of parallel evolution and the inability to discern transformation sequences. Thus, the utility of this isozyme character in phylogenetic investigations may be severely limited, depending on the taxonomic group or level of universality being investigated.

Phylogenetic relationships among the polyploid and diploid Aegilops species inferred from the nuclear 5S rDNA sequences (Poaceae: Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Baum ◽  
T. Edwards ◽  
M. Mamuti ◽  
D.A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Unit Classes ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses

Phylogenetic inferences of the polyploid Aegilops taxa were drawn based upon the analysis of 909 nuclear 5S rDNA sequences obtained from 15 Aegilops polyploid taxa (531 sequences new to this paper) and 378 sequences from our previous study on the diploid taxa. The 531 sequences can be split into two orthologous groups (unit classes), the long AE1 and short AE1 previously identified in the diploid set. An examination of the relationships between unit classes and their associated haplomes suggests that U haplome sequences found in Ae. umbellulata are the closest to the T sequences found in Amblyopyrum muticum and that sequences of the polyploid species expected to be the M type found in Ae. comos are more similar to the T haplome sequences, except in the three hexaploids Ae. glumiaristata, Ae. juvenalis, and Ae. vavilovii and the tetraploid Ae. crassa where they are found to be similar to the M haplome sequences. These three hexaploid taxa likely originated from the tetraploid Ae. crassa (DM), while the closest taxon to the fourth hexaploid, Ae. recta, is the tetraploid Ae. neglecta (UM). Based upon the distribution of the unit classes, several reticulate phylogenies depicting evolutionary relationships among diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid taxa were constructed; however, none of these widely used methods could depict the expected reticulate relationship as previously drawn from cytogenetic analyses in this group of allopolyploid species. These results suggest that evolutionary relationships derived from models based upon the assumption of bifurcating species require careful interpretation when these same models are applied to species with reticulate evolution.

The Phylogenetic Relationships of the Chinese and Vietnamese Waterfall frogs of the genus Amolops

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Orlov ◽  
Robert Murphy ◽  
Wanzhao Liu ◽  
Andre Ngo ◽  
Amy Lathrop
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Outgroup Species

AbstractRanid frogs of the genus Amolops occur in Southeast Asia and are typically found near waterfalls. Their phylogenetic relationships have not been resolved. We include 2,213 aligned nucleotide sites of the 12S, 16S and tRNAval gene regions of the mitochondrial DNA genome from 43 individuals of Chinese and Vietnamese Amolops, Huia, Hylarana, Meristogenys, Odorrana and Rana. The outgroup species were from the genera Chaparana, Limnonectes, Nanorana, and Paa. The data were analyzed within the framework of a refutationist philosophy using maximum parsimony. Four clades of waterfall frogs were resolved. Meristogenys was not resolved as the sister group to either Huia nor Amolops. The hypothesis of evolutionary relationships placed Amolops chapaensis and Huia nasica in the genus Odorrana.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of species ofAciphylla(Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae) and related genera using molecular, morphological, and combined data sets

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Radford ◽  
Mark F. Watson ◽  
Jill Preston
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Combined Data
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