scholarly journals L-Tartaric acid synthesis from vitamin C in higher plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (14) ◽  
pp. 5608-5613 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DeBolt ◽  
D. R. Cook ◽  
C. M. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Acid Synthesis

Inhibition of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthesis by Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Kitchen ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Charles E. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Porphyrin Ring ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Site Of Action

The effect of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and corn (Zea maysL.) shoot δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production was examined by monitoring ALA content in the tissue and measuring incorporation of14C precursors into ALA and chlorophylla. Barley shoot ALA content was significantly decreased by 1 mM glyphosate after 9, 11, and 15 h of illumination. ALA production by treated barley shoots was 30 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1at each interval tested, compared with 75 to 120 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1for the control. In corn shoots, ALA content was reduced 32, 45, and 58% by 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mM glyphosate, respectively, after 12 h illumination. Incorporation studies with14C-glutamate,14C-α-ketoglutarate, and14C-glycine into ALA showed a 77, 92, and 91% inhibition, respectively, in barley shoots treated with 1 mM glyphosate. Incorporation of14C-ALA into chlorophyllawas not affected by 1 mM glyphosate. Thus, the site of action of glyphosate may involve two enzyme pathways:one controlling the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to ALA, and the other controlling the condensation of glycine with succinyl CoA to form ALA and carbon dioxide. Inhibition of ALA synthesis blocks synthesis of chlorophyll, as well as all other porphyrin ring compounds found in higher plants. Thus, inhibition of ALA synthesis may be an integral component of the herbicidal mode of action of glyphosate.

scholarly journals An aldo-keto reductase with 2-keto-l-gulonate reductase activity functions in l-tartaric acid biosynthesis from vitamin C in Vitis vinifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (44) ◽  
pp. 15932-15946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jia ◽  
Crista A. Burbidge ◽  
Crystal Sweetman ◽  
Emi Schutz ◽  
Kathy Soole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Physiology and plastid fine structure of deetiolating Lemna minor

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (15) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Frick ◽  
Raymond F. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plastid Development ◽  
Prolamellar Bodies ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Etiolated Plants

During the 12-h lag period in chlorophyll accumulation after the onset of white-light illumination of Lemna minor etiolated for 35 days, a rapid increase in visible fronds per culture occurred. This new frond production then assumed a log-linear rate of increase, and total protein per unit fresh weight came to parallel the rate of increase in fresh weight per plant. The ribosomal RNA content of 45-day-etiolated plants was deficient in 23S and 16S species compared with green plants. The prolamellar bodies of etioplasts were either tightly or loosely paracrystalline within the same cell; they were without extended perforate lamellae, which developed during far-red-light illumination even while prolamellar bodies persisted. The development of chloroplasts in deetiolating L. minor was typical of other higher plants. The developmental sequence in green Lemna included proplastid to deeply stacked granal chloroplast within several millimetres. Plastid profiles suggestive of division configurations occurred only in primordial cells of green and etiolated plants. The relatively small numbers of plastids in any given stage of differentiation may account for the sensitivity of plastid development to inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis.

scholarly journals Carbon flux through photosynthesis and central carbon metabolism show distinct patterns between algae, C3 and C4 plants

Nature Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Treves ◽  
Anika Küken ◽  
Stéphanie Arrivault ◽  
Hirofumi Ishihara ◽  
Ines Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Central Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

AbstractPhotosynthesis-related pathways are regarded as a promising avenue for crop improvement. Whilst empirical studies have shown that photosynthetic efficiency is higher in microalgae than in C3 or C4 crops, the underlying reasons remain unclear. Using a tailor-made microfluidics labelling system to supply 13CO2 at steady state, we investigated in vivo labelling kinetics in intermediates of the Calvin Benson cycle and sugar, starch, organic acid and amino acid synthesis pathways, and in protein and lipids, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella ohadii, which is the fastest growing green alga on record. We estimated flux patterns in these algae and compared them with published and new data from C3 and C4 plants. Our analyses identify distinct flux patterns supporting faster growth in photosynthetic cells, with some of the algae exhibiting faster ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration and increased fluxes through the lower glycolysis and anaplerotic pathways towards the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid synthesis and lipid synthesis than in higher plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluorosis on Liver Cells of VC Deficient and Wild Type Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Yonghui Ma ◽  
John M. Stuart ◽  
Xiudian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Deficient Mice

For decades, mouse and other rodents have been used for the study of oxidative or related studies such as the effect of fluoride. It is known that rodents normally synthesize their own vitamin C (VC) due to the presence of a key enzyme in ascorbic acid synthesis, l-gulono-lactone-γ-oxidase (Gulo), while humans do not have the capacity of VC synthesis due to the deletion of most parts of the GULO gene. The spontaneous fracture (sfx) mouse recently emerged as a model for study of VC deficiency. We investigated the effect of fluoride on liver cells from wild type Balb/c andsfxmice. We found that activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT were reduced in both wild type andsfxmice; however, the amount of reduction in thesfxcells is more than that in Balb/c cells. In addition, while both cells increased MDA, the increase in thesfxcells is greater than that in Balb/c cells. Gene networks ofSod,Gpx, andCatin the liver of humans and mice are also different. Our study suggests that reaction to fluoride in vitamin C deficient mice might be different from that of wild type mice.

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