scholarly journals Why eyewitnesses fail

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (30) ◽  
pp. 7758-7764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Albright
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Eyewitness Identifications ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Consensus Report ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Eyewitness identifications play an important role in the investigation and prosecution of crimes, but it is well known that eyewitnesses make mistakes, often with serious consequences. In light of these concerns, the National Academy of Sciences recently convened a panel of experts to undertake a comprehensive study of current practice and use of eyewitness testimony, with an eye toward understanding why identification errors occur and what can be done to prevent them. The work of this committee led to key findings and recommendations for reform, detailed in a consensus report entitledIdentifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification. In this review, I focus on the scientific issues that emerged from this study, along with brief discussions of how these issues led to specific recommendations for additional research, best practices for law enforcement, and use of eyewitness evidence by the courts.

scholarly journals The Intractability of Inaccurate Eyewitness Identification

Daedalus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed S. Rakoff ◽  
Elizabeth F. Loftus
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
Jury Instructions ◽  
Eyewitness Identifications ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

Inaccurate eyewitness testimony is a leading cause of wrongful convictions. As early as 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court recognized this danger, but the tests it promulgated to distinguish reliable from unreliable eyewitness testimony were based largely on surmise. More recently, substantial research has demonstrated that, while significant improvements can be made in the manner in which lineups, photo arrays, and other identification procedures are conducted, inherent limitations of human perception, memory, and psychology raise, in many cases, intractable barriers to accurate eyewitness testimony. Where barriers to accurate eyewitness testimony exist, one response is to sensitize jurors to the limitations of eyewitness identifications, but studies to date have not shown that special jury instructions can accomplish that purpose. Moreover, research on expert testimony has produced mixed results, with some studies showing that it helps jurors discriminate between good and bad eyewitness evidence, and other studies showing that it merely creates overall skepticism.

Following the footsteps of «The White Lady»: one page of Yevhenia Yaroshyns'ka's activity as a translator and her context

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Lidia Kovalets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Central State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Great Love ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Artistic Heritage ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article highlights the creative profile of the Ukrainian writer Yevhenia Yaroshyns’ka (1868–1904) as a translator. Literary science has not touched upon this topic yet. The only exception is her translations of the Czech writer and teacher Vilma Sokolova. Speaking about Y. Yaroshyns’ka’s interest to the literature of other nations, we state that it was organically connected with her great love for reading. That array was naturally dominated by German translations of the world literature. Joining this activity seemed tempting, because it was also a way to gain experience, to test her own strength and the opportunity to promote the problems of the Ukrainian reality. This is the main reason for Y. Yaroshynska’s appeal to create the German translation of Hryhoriy Machtet’s novel «The White Lady» based on the Ukrainian material. The article clarifies the life and activities of this Ukrainian and Russian writer and his connections with the Ukrainian socio-cultural environment, which also led to the autobiographical aspect of the story. The work is full of sympathy for the participants of the Polish uprising of 1863 and the desire for peaceful understanding between the Slavs. At the same time, it was based on a romantic collision. To obtain the permission to publish the translation, Y. Yaroshyns’ka addressed M. Pavlyk who asked in Moscow Nestor Yavorovs’kyi, apparently the Ukrainian student (from the circle of A. Kryms’kyi), who helped the writer to realize her idea. In the article the letters of N. Yavorovs’kyi and H. Machtet to Y. Yaroshyns’ka are published for the first time and their destiny is outlined. When they got to M. Pavlyk, he prepared them for publication, but they never saw the light. The further fate of the translation of «The White Lady» remained unknown. The article names the published examples of Y. Yaroshyns’ka’s translation activity (these are the translations from Bulgarian, Norwegian, Czech languages). The need for a more comprehensive study of this important and interesting topic is also required. The article touches upon the importance to intensify the efforts of scholars to master the body of archival documents related to Y. Yaroshyns’ka. They are stored mainly in the Department of Manuscripts and Textology of the Taras Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv and the V. Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library. Obviously, only in this way – having thoroughly studied the source base, knowing the author’s biography and her artistic heritage – we can hope for deeper understanding of the peculiarities of the development of her creative personality.

Materials for the history of the gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine

1996 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. Golovaschenko ◽  
Petro Kosuha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The report is based on the first results of the study "The History of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists in Ukraine", carried out in 1994-1996 by the joint efforts of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Odessa Theological Seminary of Evangelical Christian Baptists. A large-scale description and research of archival sources on the history of evangelical movements in our country gave the first experience of fruitful cooperation between secular and church researchers.

The phenomenon of religion

1996 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

"PHENOMENON OF RELIGION" - under this name on June 20-21, 1996, the All-Ukrainian Colloquium, convened by the Department of Religious Studies and the Ukrainian Association of Religious Studies took place at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The purpose of the colloquium is to discuss the topical issues of Ukrainian religious studies concerning the nature, essence and functionality of religion as a social and historical phenomenon.

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