scholarly journals Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (22) ◽  
pp. 12192-12200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin M. Zohner ◽  
Lidong Mo ◽  
Susanne S. Renner ◽  
Jens-Christian Svenning ◽  
Yann Vitasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Frost Risk ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Late-spring frosts (LSFs) affect the performance of plants and animals across the world’s temperate and boreal zones, but despite their ecological and economic impact on agriculture and forestry, the geographic distribution and evolutionary impact of these frost events are poorly understood. Here, we analyze LSFs between 1959 and 2017 and the resistance strategies of Northern Hemisphere woody species to infer trees’ adaptations for minimizing frost damage to their leaves and to forecast forest vulnerability under the ongoing changes in frost frequencies. Trait values on leaf-out and leaf-freezing resistance come from up to 1,500 temperate and boreal woody species cultivated in common gardens. We find that areas in which LSFs are common, such as eastern North America, harbor tree species with cautious (late-leafing) leaf-out strategies. Areas in which LSFs used to be unlikely, such as broad-leaved forests and shrublands in Europe and Asia, instead harbor opportunistic tree species (quickly reacting to warming air temperatures). LSFs in the latter regions are currently increasing, and given species’ innate resistance strategies, we estimate that ∼35% of the European and ∼26% of the Asian temperate forest area, but only ∼10% of the North American, will experience increasing late-frost damage in the future. Our findings reveal region-specific changes in the spring-frost risk that can inform decision-making in land management, forestry, agriculture, and insurance policy.

Frost Damage to White Spruce Buds

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Clements ◽  
J. W. Fraser ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Understory Trees

Unopened buds of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were damaged by late spring frost. At time of death of the apical meristem the buds were not ready for flushing. As expected on the basis of ground frosts, there was more damage among shorter trees than among taller trees, and more damage among open-grown trees than among understory trees.

scholarly journals Growth Recovery and Phenological Responses of Juvenile Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Exposed to Spring Warming and Late Spring Frost

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Jessa May Malanguis ◽  
Stefaan Moreels ◽  
Amy Lauwers ◽  
Arno Thomaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year

Global change increases the risk of extreme climatic events. The impact of extreme temperature may depend on the tree species and also on the provenance. Ten provenances of Fagus sylvatica L. were grown in a common garden environment in Belgium and subjected to different temperature treatments. Half of the one year old seedlings were submitted to a high thermal stress in the spring of the first year, and all plants were exposed to a late spring frost in the second year. The high-temperature treated plants displayed reduced growth in the first year, which was fully compensated (recovery with exact compensation) in the second year for radial growth and in the third year for height growth. Frost in the spring of the second year damaged part of the saplings and reduced their growth. The frost damaged plants regained the pre-stress growth rate one year later (recovery without compensation). The high temperature treatment in the first year and the frost damage in the second year clearly influenced the phenological responses in the year of the event and in the succeeding year. Little population differentiation was observed among the provenances for growth and for phenological responses. Yet, a southern provenance, a non-autochthonous provenance (original German provenance that was planted in Belgium about a century ago) and a more continental provenance flushed earlier than the local Atlantic provenances in the year of the frost event, resulting in more frost damage. Some caution should therefore be taken when translocating provenances as an anticipation of the predicted climate warming.

Genetic variation at early ages for several traits of interest for timber-production breeding of Juglans regia

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Díaz ◽  
J Fernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Several traits of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) were assessed during the first three growing seasons in a progeny test of 43 open-pollinated families at two sites in northwestern Spain. Variance components, heritabilities and correlations between traits were calculated for all characteristics measured. Significant differences were found among families with regard to growth, phenology, frost damage, number of apical branches, and Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands damage, but not for growth-habit traits (number of branches, stem form, and apical dominance). Heritabilities were moderate for total height (h2i ≥ 0.32; h2f ≥ 0.63) and late-spring frost damage (h2i = 0.29; h2f = 0.57), high for resistance to P. cinnamomi (h2i = 0.76; h2f = 0.85), and low for phenology (h2i = 0.15; h2f = 0.39 for bud burst, and h2i = 0.14–0.36; h2f= 0.44–0.70 for leaf fall) and root-collar diameter (h2i = 0.18–0.29; h2f = 0.41–0.58). High age–age correlations were found for growth and phenology traits during the first three growing seasons. Some interesting correlations were also found between several of the traits studied. The families whose buds burst the earliest had more late-spring frost damage and, consequently, more apical branches (i.e., branches near the apical bud). Furthermore, the greater the resistance to P. cinnamomi and frost damage, the taller the families.

Irrigation protects black walnut from frost damage

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Beineke
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Late spring frost damage to black walnut (Juglansnigra L.) in a research clone bank was prevented by over-tree irrigation. Even though temperatures fell as low as −4.4 °C one night and 0 °C or lower on nine other occasions after leafing out began, irrigation provided adequate leaf, flower, and shoot protection. Highly significant differences were found in degree of frost damage between protected and unprotected areas. Flowering and seed production of protected grafts were increased 15- and 30-fold respectively over unprotected ramets of the same clones.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEDGING ON FROST TOLERANCE OF `DELITE' RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162d-1162
Author(s):  
E. W. Neuendorff ◽  
K. D. Patten
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Fall Growth

A late spring frost, -2°C on 10 Mar 1989, destroyed all blossoms on `Delite' rabbiteye blueberries. To determine the effect of hedging as a rejuvenation method, six-year-old `Delite' plants were pruned on 26 April 1989. All branches were removed at 46 cm from ground level. Unpruned control plants were approximately 184 cm tall. On 21 Mar 1990 a frost of -2°C occurred. Two days later bud damage was assessed on three wood types: spring-old (SO), spring growth on old, weak wood; spring-new (SN), spring growth on vigorous 1-year-old shoots; and fall (F), postharvest late summer/fall growth. Buds were identified as to their stage of development. Buds formed on both types of spring wood were further developed than those on fall wood. As flower stage advanced frost damage increased. Blossoms on fall growth were most frost tolerant and SN was more hardy than SO. Subsequent yields will be determined and reported.

Responses of a beech (Fagus crenata Blume) stand to late spring frost damage in Morioka, Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 257 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Awaya ◽  
Kunihiro Tanaka ◽  
Eiji Kodani ◽  
Tomohiro Nishizono
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Late Spring Frost

scholarly journals Contrasting resistance and resilience to extreme drought and late spring frost in five major European tree species

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 3781-3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Vitasse ◽  
Alessandra Bottero ◽  
Maxime Cailleret ◽  
Christof Bigler ◽  
Patrick Fonti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost

scholarly journals Process-Based Indicators for Timely Identification of Apricot Frost Disaster on the Warm Temperate Zone, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jianying ◽  
Zhiguo Huo ◽  
Peijuan Wang ◽  
Wu Dingrong ◽  
Yuping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
Warm Temperate Zone ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract Frequent occurrences of extreme cold weather processes create severe agricultural/forest frost events, even given the background of global warming. In the warm temperate zone of China, which is the largest planting area for fresh apricot, late spring frost disaster has become one of the major meteorological hazards during flowering. To prevent cold weather-induced apricot frost events and reduce potential losses in related fruit economic value, it is vital to establish a meteorological indicator for timely and accurate identification of cold weather process-based apricot frost events, to provide support for timely apricot frost monitoring and warning in late spring. In this study, daily minimax temperature (Tmin) and apricot frost disaster data during flowering were combined to establish meteorological identification indicators of apricot frost based on cold weather processes. A process-based apricot frost model (f(D,Tcum) was firstly constructed, and characteristics of (Tcum) (accumulated harmful temperature) were explored under different D (duration days) based on the representation of historical apricot frost processes. Thresholds for the (Tcum) for apricot frost in 1, 2, 3, 4 and more than 5 days of apricot frost process were determined as -1.51, -2.92, -4.39, -5.84 and − 7.31°C, respectively. Validation results by reserved independent disaster samples were generally consistent with the historical records of apricot frost disasters, with 89.00% accuracy for indicator-based identification results. Typical process tracking of the proposed identification indicator to an apricot frost event that occurred in North Hebei during April 3–9, 2018 revealed that the indicator-based identification result basically coincides with the historical disaster record and can reflect more detailed information about the apricot frost process.

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