Host genotype structures the microbiome of a globally dispersed marine phytoplankton

Phytoplankton support complex bacterial microbiomes that rely on phytoplankton-derived extracellular compounds and perform functions necessary for algal growth. Recent work has revealed sophisticated interactions and exchanges of molecules between specific phytoplankton–bacteria pairs, but the role of host genotype in regulating those interactions is unknown. Here, we show how phytoplankton microbiomes are shaped by intraspecific genetic variation in the host using global environmental isolates of the model phytoplankton host Thalassiosira rotula and a laboratory common garden experiment. A set of 81 environmental T. rotula genotypes from three ocean basins and eight genetically distinct populations did not reveal a core microbiome. While no single bacterial phylotype was shared across all genotypes, we found strong genotypic influence of T. rotula, with microbiomes associating more strongly with host genetic population than with environmental factors. The microbiome association with host genetic population persisted across different ocean basins, suggesting that microbiomes may be associated with host populations for decades. To isolate the impact of host genotype on microbiomes, a common garden experiment using eight genotypes from three distinct host populations again found that host genotype influenced microbial community composition, suggesting that a process we describe as genotypic filtering, analogous to environmental filtering, shapes phytoplankton microbiomes. In both the environmental and laboratory studies, microbiome variation between genotypes suggests that other factors influenced microbiome composition but did not swamp the dominant signal of host genetic background. The long-term association of microbiomes with specific host genotypes reveals a possible mechanism explaining the evolution and maintenance of complex phytoplankton–bacteria chemical exchanges.

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Light and propagule pressure affect invasion intensity of Prunus serotina in a 14-tree species forest common garden experiment

NeoBiota ◽

10.3897/neobiota.46.30413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andrzej M. Jagodziński ◽

Marcin K. Dyderski ◽

Paweł Horodecki ◽

Kathleen S. Knight ◽

Katarzyna Rawlik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Tree Species ◽

Propagule Pressure ◽

Light Availability ◽

Common Garden ◽

Additive Models ◽

Common Garden Experiment ◽

Tree Stand ◽

Biomass Increment ◽

The Impact

Experiments testing multiple factors that affect the rate of invasions in forests are scarce. We aimed to assess how the biomass of invasive Prunusserotina changed over eight years and how this change was affected by light availability, tree stand growth, and propagule pressure. The study was conducted in Siemianice Experimental Forest (W Poland), a common garden forest experiment with 14 tree species. We investigated aboveground biomass and density of P.serotina within 53 experimental plots with initial measurements in 2005 and repeated in 2013. We also measured light availability and distance from seed sources. We used generalized additive models to assess the impact of particular predictors on P.serotina biomass in 2013 and its relative change over eight years. The relative biomass increments of P.serotina ranged from 0 to 22,000-fold. The success of P.serotina, expressed as aboveground biomass and biomass increment, varied among different tree species stands, but was greater under conifers. Total biomass of P.serotina depended on light and propagule availability while biomass increment depended on the change in tree stand biomass, a metric corresponding to tree stand maturation. Our study quantified the range of invasion intensity, expressed as biomass increment, in a forest common garden experiment with 14 tree species. Canopy cover was the most important variable to reduce susceptibility to invasion by P.serotina. Even a modest decrease of overstory biomass, e.g. caused by dieback of coniferous species, may be risky in areas with high propagule pressure from invasive tree species. Thus, P.serotina control may include maintaining high canopy closure and supporting natural regeneration of tree species with high leaf area index, which shade the understory.

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Host genotype overrides fungal endophyte infection in influencing tiller and spike production of Lolium perenne (Poaceae) in a common garden experiment

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.3732/ajb.0800042 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 95 (9) ◽

pp. 1063-1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. P. Cheplick

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Common Garden ◽

Fungal Endophyte ◽

Common Garden Experiment ◽

Host Genotype ◽

Endophyte Infection

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Common garden experiment reveals pathogen isolate but no host genetic diversity effect on the dynamics of an emerging wildlife disease

Journal of Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02035.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1680-1688 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

D. M. HAWLEY ◽

K. V. DHONDT ◽

A. P. DOBSON ◽

J. L. GRODIO ◽

W. M. HOCHACHKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Common Garden ◽

Wildlife Disease ◽

Common Garden Experiment ◽

Diversity Effect ◽

Host Genetic

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Can intraspecific variation in a herbivorous mite alter responses to drought-stressed host plant? A common garden experiment in the context of climate change

10.1101/2021.10.21.465244 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alain Migeon ◽

Philippe Auger ◽

Odile Fossati ◽

Ruth A Hufbauer ◽

Maeva Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Life History ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Common Garden ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Common Garden Experiment ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

The Impact

The effects of drought stress on plants and phytophagous arthropods are topics currently extensively investigated in the context of climate change. Dryness not only impacts cultivated plants but also their parasites, which in some cases are favoured by drought. It represents a major challenge that agriculture is facing in a perspective of intensification of drought. Direct effects of drought on herbivorous arthropods typically produce bigger offspring and faster development but attractiveness can also occur. However, how much responses to abiotic factors differ among populations of a species remains poorly documented. The impact of drought-stressed plants on key life-history parameters is here investigated for a major agricultural pest, the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, depending on the climatic conditions of the localities at origin. Sampled localities represent a rather wide range of core climate conditions across the mite s native distribution area with contrasting climatic profiles, ranging from wet temperate to cool Atlantic localities to medium to dry hot Mediterranean localities. Plant drought stress effects on mites was estimated by measuring four life history traits: development time, fecundity, sex-ratio and emigration rate in a common garden experiment made of two modalities: well-watered and drought-stressed bean plants. Mites feeding on drought-stressed plants displayed shorter developmental time and attempted to leave leaf patches less often, and young females were more fecund. The mites originating from wet temperate to cool Atlantic localities respond more strongly to drought than mites originating from medium to dry hot Mediterranean localities, suggesting local adaptation of T. urticae populations to various aridity values and indicates that mite feeding behaviour is shaped by the climatic conditions they faced in the area of origin.

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SILICA BODIES IN CONIFER FOLIAGE: RESULTS OF A COMMON-GARDEN EXPERIMENT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HISTORY OF THE TERRESTRIAL SILICA CYCLE

10.1130/abs/2017am-304822 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan P. Wilson ◽

◽

Nicholas M. Munves

Keyword(s):

Common Garden ◽

Common Garden Experiment ◽

History Of ◽

Silica Cycle

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Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-12-5871-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 5871-5883 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. A. Melbourne ◽

J. Griffin ◽

D. N. Schmidt ◽

E. J. Rayfield

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Finite Element ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Geometric Model ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Coralline Algae ◽

Rocky Shores ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Scan Data ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Coralline algae are important habitat formers found on all rocky shores. While the impact of future ocean acidification on the physiological performance of the species has been well studied, little research has focused on potential changes in structural integrity in response to climate change. A previous study using 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) suggested increased vulnerability to fracture (by wave action or boring) in algae grown under high CO2 conditions. To assess how realistically 2-D simplified models represent structural performance, a series of increasingly biologically accurate 3-D FE models that represent different aspects of coralline algal growth were developed. Simplified geometric 3-D models of the genus Lithothamnion were compared to models created from computed tomography (CT) scan data of the same genus. The biologically accurate model and the simplified geometric model representing individual cells had similar average stresses and stress distributions, emphasising the importance of the cell walls in dissipating the stress throughout the structure. In contrast models without the accurate representation of the cell geometry resulted in larger stress and strain results. Our more complex 3-D model reiterated the potential of climate change to diminish the structural integrity of the organism. This suggests that under future environmental conditions the weakening of the coralline algal skeleton along with increased external pressures (wave and bioerosion) may negatively influence the ability for coralline algae to maintain a habitat able to sustain high levels of biodiversity.

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Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467421000043 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jessica S. Ambriz ◽

Clementina González ◽

Eduardo Cuevas

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Sex Ratios ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Common Garden ◽

Common Garden Experiment ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Reproductive Biomass ◽

Common Garden Experiments ◽

Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

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Relationship between dental and periodontal health status and the salivary microbiome: bacterial diversity, co-occurrence networks and predictive models

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79875-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Relvas ◽

A. Regueira-Iglesias ◽

C. Balsa-Castro ◽

F. Salazar ◽

J. J. Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Predictive Models ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Core Microbiome ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe present study used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess the impact on salivary microbiome of different grades of dental and periodontal disease and the combination of both (hereinafter referred to as oral disease), in terms of bacterial diversity, co-occurrence network patterns and predictive models. Our scale of overall oral health was used to produce a convenience sample of 81 patients from 270 who were initially recruited. Saliva samples were collected from each participant. Sequencing was performed in Illumina MiSeq with 2 × 300 bp reads, while the raw reads were processed according to the Mothur pipeline. The statistical analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data at the species level was conducted using the phyloseq, DESeq2, Microbiome, SpiecEasi, igraph, MixOmics packages. The simultaneous presence of dental and periodontal pathology has a potentiating effect on the richness and diversity of the salivary microbiota. The structure of the bacterial community in oral health differs from that present in dental, periodontal or oral disease, especially in high grades. Supragingival dental parameters influence the microbiota’s abundance more than subgingival periodontal parameters, with the former making a greater contribution to the impact that oral health has on the salivary microbiome. The possible keystone OTUs are different in the oral health and disease, and even these vary between dental and periodontal disease: half of them belongs to the core microbiome and are independent of the abundance parameters. The salivary microbiome, involving a considerable number of OTUs, shows an excellent discriminatory potential for distinguishing different grades of dental, periodontal or oral disease; considering the number of predictive OTUs, the best model is that which predicts the combined dental and periodontal status.

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