Evidentiality in illness narratives

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Figueras Bates
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
Epistemic Stance ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Narratives of severe mental illness can be regarded as the discursive efforts of a healthy self to restore a sense of selfhood disrupted by the illness. Focusing on a sample of 87 unsolicited online illness narratives of eating disorders in Spanish, this article explores how narrators deployed evidential constructions introduced by the perception verb “ver” (to see) to manage identity in the autobiographical telling. The analysis revealed that “ver” indexed information as coming from different sources (perception, mental states, inference). This evidential material was discursively evaluated (via the adoption of a specific epistemic stance) and applied to construe conflicting versions of self in the eating disorder narratives. Resorting to the evidential marking, narrators could rhetorically negotiate the transition from their perceptual self, created during the illness, to their cognitive self, elaborated in the recovery.

Prevalence of dental disorders among people with mental illness: An umbrella review

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110422
Author(s):  
Jisu Choi ◽  
Josh Price ◽  
Samuel Ryder ◽  
Dan Siskind ◽  
Marco Solmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: Psychiatric patients have increased rates of comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease, especially decay, despite risk factors including lifestyle and psychotropic side effects such as xerostomia. We therefore undertook an umbrella review of all meta-analyses on the association between mental illness and oral health. Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and CINAHL. Articles were independently assessed. Outcomes were caries, periodontal disease, erosion, and partial or total tooth loss (edentulism), measured where possible with standardised measures such as the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces. Quality was assessed in line with National Institutes of Health guidelines. Results: We identified 11 meta-analyses. The most information and strongest association was between dental decay and severe mental illness or substance use, as well as erosion and eating disorders. Depressive, anxiety and eating disorders were also associated with caries, but the datasets were small. People with severe mental illness had nearly three times the odds of having lost all their teeth than the general community (odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.73, 4.57]) and those with depression between 1.17 and 1.32. Findings for periodontal disease were more equivocal, possibly because of study heterogeneity. Conclusion: Mental health clinicians should screen for oral diseases when treating those with mental illness and facilitate referral to affordable dental clinics when indicated. Prevention should be a priority, including the promotion of dental care, as well as the management of xerostomia when psychopharmacologic agents are prescribed.

scholarly journals HerStory: Narrative Journeys of Young Black Women with Eating Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
stephanie hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Young Black Women

<p></p><p>Little is known of eating disorder (ED) pathology in Black females. It has long been perceived that Black females do not struggle with EDs; yet growing research suggests the opposite in this sub-population. This study explored ED development in three young Black women and uncovered adolescent experiential factors that were significant in their ED journeys. In the form of narrative inquiry, triangulation of interviews, observations, and abstracts were used to restory their ED accounts and glean a deeper understanding of their personal journeys. Findings revealed that preadolescence was a pivotal period when body image became a prominent focus rooted in social criticism that grew more powerful than their self-images could bear, adversely affecting their self-concept as Black girls. Trauma, sociocultural and sociopolitical variables, and comorbid psychological illnesses were instrumental in their ED developments and placed unhealthy emphasis on their bodies and mental states. Conclusions include 1) childhood experiences presented salient triggers for the development of EDs; 2) cultural distinctions influenced ED practices; 3) EDs were systems of control; and 4) salient factors prevented early intervention of EDs. Black women are coming forward to share experiences of conflict and hope to help further understand ED pathology in the Black community.</p><br><p></p>

scholarly journals Mind-mindedness and maternal responsiveness in infant–mother interactions in mothers with severe mental illness

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1861-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pawlby ◽  
C. Fernyhough ◽  
E. Meins ◽  
C. M. Pariante ◽  
G. Seneviratne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Mother And Baby Unit

BackgroundPrevious cross-diagnosis studies of interaction between mothers with severe mental illness and their babies have concluded that mothers with schizophrenia have deficits in interaction, but these studies have not included healthy controls.MethodIn-patients on a mother and baby unit, with diagnoses of schizophrenia (n=15), depressive mood disorders with or without psychosis (n=23), or mood disorders where mania was the predominant feature, with or without psychosis (n=12), were observed interacting with their infants on admission and discharge. Mothers' mind-mindedness and other measures of the quality of maternal and infant behaviour were coded. Findings from this sample were compared with those from healthy mothers and their infants (n=49).ResultsCompared with healthy controls, on admission depressed mothers were marginally less likely to comment appropriately on their infants' mental states. Both the depressed and mania groups were more likely to touch their babies and engage in attention-seeking behaviours. Interactional behaviours of mothers in the schizophrenia group were not markedly different from healthy controls. On discharge there were fewer differences between the clinical and healthy groups, although the depressed group continued to engage in more attention-seeking and touching behaviour and the mania group continued to touch their infants more. Only mothers in the schizophrenia group showed changes in interactional behaviours between admission and discharge, talking more to their infants.ConclusionsThe findings challenge previous conclusions that mothers with schizophrenia have deficits in their interactions with their babies, and demonstrate that mothers with severe mental illness are able to respond appropriately to their infants' cues.

scholarly journals Food for thought: A dissonance between healthcare utilization costs and research funding for eating disorders in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Stone ◽  
Gina Dimitropoulos ◽  
Frank MacMaster
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Affected Individual ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Life Threatening

In this commentary, we present the premise that, in Canada, mental illness research specific to eating disorders is predominantly underfunded, and many Canadians are suffering the consequences of it. We highlight three main drivers underlying this issue: 1) the increasingly common yet potentially life-threatening nature of eating disorders, with an onset usually during adolescence; 2) the challenges and costs to treating eating disorders, with a discussion of current hospital-related costs across Canada; and 3) the glaring discrepancy between the money spent on eating disorder diagnoses/treatment and the funding dollars granted for eating disorder research in Canada (i.e. only $0.70 per affected Canadian in 2018). Research funding per affected individual for other psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions are used as comparisons (e.g. $50.17 per affected Canadian with schizophrenia). We suggest that it is time to revolutionize treatment for individuals with eating disorders and use our resources in a more efficient and effective manner, using current neuroimaging and neuromodulation methods as promising examples. We conclude by emphasizing the need for increased research funding in the field of eating disorders in Canada, as the current research-related investments hinder progress in developing neuroscientifically-sound treatments for these populations.

scholarly journals Disclosing an Eating Disorder: A Situational Analysis of Online Accounts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Williams ◽  
Shelly Russell-Mayhew ◽  
Alana Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Disclosing a mental illness can be difficult, especially for those affected by eating disorders. Individuals impacted by eating disorders often worry that disclosing their situation may lead to fear, judgment, and stigmatization. Online eating disorder communities have become increasingly popular, hosting thousands of users worldwide, and may be safe places for individuals with eating disorders to communicate and connect. In this postmodern study, we utilized situational analysis to examine online accounts on publically accessible websites where individuals discussed disclosing eating disorders. Situational Analysis utilizes illustrative mapping techniques to demonstrate the complexity of the situation of inquiry, allowing researchers to highlight heterogeneities. Our findings demonstrated (a) the fight that frequently occurs after an eating disorder disclosure, (b) the notion that eating disorders are a monstrous issue, and (c) stigmatization one experiences after disclosing and when considering to disclose. This study has potential to inform educational recommendations given to the public about disclosures and stigma in regard to eating disorders, as well as earlier identification and treatment outcomes for individuals with eating disorders.

scholarly journals HerStory: Narrative Journeys of Young Black Women with Eating Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
stephanie hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Young Black Women

<p></p><p>Little is known of eating disorder (ED) pathology in Black females. It has long been perceived that Black females do not struggle with EDs; yet growing research suggests the opposite in this sub-population. This study explored ED development in three young Black women and uncovered adolescent experiential factors that were significant in their ED journeys. In the form of narrative inquiry, triangulation of interviews, observations, and abstracts were used to restory their ED accounts and glean a deeper understanding of their personal journeys. Findings revealed that preadolescence was a pivotal period when body image became a prominent focus rooted in social criticism that grew more powerful than their self-images could bear, adversely affecting their self-concept as Black girls. Trauma, sociocultural and sociopolitical variables, and comorbid psychological illnesses were instrumental in their ED developments and placed unhealthy emphasis on their bodies and mental states. Conclusions include 1) childhood experiences presented salient triggers for the development of EDs; 2) cultural distinctions influenced ED practices; 3) EDs were systems of control; and 4) salient factors prevented early intervention of EDs. Black women are coming forward to share experiences of conflict and hope to help further understand ED pathology in the Black community.</p><br><p></p>

Internal Structure of the Spanish Adaptation of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Elosua ◽  
Alicia López-Jáuregui
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
High Internal Consistency

In this study the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 was adapted to Spanish and analyzed the internal psychometric properties of the test in a clinical sample of females with eating disorders. The results showed a high internal consistency of the scores as well as high temporal stability. The factor structure of the scale composites was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results supported the existence of a second-order structure beyond the psychological composites. The second-order factor showed high correlation with the factor related to eating disorders. Overall, the Spanish version of the EDI-3 showed good psychometric qualities in terms of internal consistency, temporal stability and internal structure.

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