Metonymic and metaphoric meaning extensions of Chinese FACE and its collocations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-123
Author(s):  
Zhengjun Lin ◽  
Shengxi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Health State ◽  
Conventional Meaning ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Chinese Face ◽  
Face Expressions ◽  
Chinese Linguistics

Abstract This paper studies the extension of conventional meanings of Chinese FACE expressions in their collocations as well as the collocations themselves through metonymy and metaphor. The data with five FACE expressions included are sampled from the corpus of Center for Chinese Linguistics at Peking University. The conventional meaning of these five FACE expressions is ‘the surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear’. The conventional meaning of FACE in its collocations is metonymically extended to ‘facial expression, emotion, attitude, person, health state, affection, sense of honor, etc.’, and metaphorically to ‘the front space or part of something, a part, a side or an aspect of something, the surface or the exposed layer of something, the geometric plane in math or scope/range of something, etc.’. When Chinese FACE is collocated with other words, its meanings are also extended through metonymy-metonymy chains, metonymy-metaphor continuums and metonymy-metaphor combinations. The meanings of Chinese FACE collocations (phrases) are mainly metonymically extended when used in certain contexts.

The face of future: Face expressions during future thinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199299
Author(s):  
Mohamad El Haj ◽  
Emin Altintas ◽  
Ahmed A Moustafa ◽  
Abdel Halim Boudoukha
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Expressions

Future thinking, which is the ability to project oneself forward in time to pre-experience an event, is intimately associated with emotions. We investigated whether emotional future thinking can activate emotional facial expressions. We invited 43 participants to imagine future scenarios, cued by the words “happy,” “sad,” and “city.” Future thinking was video recorded and analysed with a facial analysis software to classify whether facial expressions (i.e., happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, disgusted, and neutral facial expression) of participants were neutral or emotional. Analysis demonstrated higher levels of happy facial expressions during future thinking cued by the word “happy” than “sad” or “city.” In contrast, higher levels of sad facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “sad” than “happy” or “city.” Higher levels of neutral facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “city” than “happy” or “sad.” In the three conditions, the neutral facial expressions were high compared with happy and sad facial expressions. Together, emotional future thinking, at least for future scenarios cued by “happy” and “sad,” seems to trigger the corresponding facial expression. Our study provides an original physiological window into the subjective emotional experience during future thinking.

scholarly journals Facial expression recognition on a quantum computer

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Mengoni ◽  
Massimiliano Incudini ◽  
Alessandra Di Pierro
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Quantum Circuit ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Quantum Simulator ◽  
Face Expressions

AbstractWe address the problem of facial expression recognition and show a possible solution using a quantum machine learning approach. In order to define an efficient classifier for a given dataset, our approach substantially exploits quantum interference. By representing face expressions via graphs, we define a classifier as a quantum circuit that manipulates the graphs adjacency matrices encoded into the amplitudes of some appropriately defined quantum states. We discuss the accuracy of the quantum classifier evaluated on the quantum simulator available on the IBM Quantum Experience cloud platform, and compare it with the accuracy of one of the best classical classifier.

scholarly journals Facial Expression Detector using a Five-Layered Convolutional Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4526-4530
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Face Expression ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Face Biometrics ◽  
Face Expressions ◽  
Financial Aspect

A face is a very important aspect in communication. Often, it is through face expressions that people understand what another person is trying to convey or in what mood he/she is saying it in. It also helps in realising what a person’s mental or emotional state is at a particular moment of time.Thus, recognising a facial expression is essential in day to day communication. Our proposed model implements a facial expression recogniser that categorises a face expression into one of the seven expressions: Happy, Sad, Angry, Surprised, Fearful, Neutral andDisgusted. The model uses Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) having five layers. The model gives an immediate representation ofthe predicted expression by displaying an emoji associated with. Not just that, our model will also show the percentage of each of the seven expressions so that the understanding of the expression is better.A face expression recogniser can be used in areas face biometrics, forensics and security system. Not only that, it can be used in a commercial or financial aspect by judging customer interests. Also, ararely used application of such an application is to aid Autistic people in communication.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

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