MODULATION EFFECT OF MOTOR ACTIVITY ON LIMBIC AREAS: AN fMRI STUDY

Neural activation of the motor cortex has been consistently reported to be evoked in the emotion processing of facial expressions, but it is poorly understood whether and how the motor system influences the activity of limbic areas during participants’ perceived emotional expressions. In this study, we proposed that motor activations evoked by emotional processing influence the activations in limbic areas such as amygdala during the perception of facial expressions. To examine this issue, a masked priming paradigm was adopted in our fMRI experiment, which could modulate the activation within the motor cortex when healthy participants perceived sad or happy facial expressions. We found that the first presented stimulus (masked prime) in each trial reduced the activations in the premotor cortex and inferior frontal gyrus when the movement of facial muscles implied by the arrows on the prime stimulus was consistent with that implied by the target face expressions (compatible condition), but increased the activations in these two areas when the movements implied by the arrows and the target face expressions were inconsistent (incompatible condition). The superior temporal gyrus, middle cingulate gyrus and amygdala also showed similar response tendency to that in motor cortex. Moreover, psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis showed that both right middle cingulate gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyrus were closely linked to the premotor cortex with inferior frontal gyrus during the incompatible trials compared with the compatible trials. Together with this result and the significant activation correlations between the motor cortex and the limbic areas, this work revealed the modulation effect of motor cortex on brain regions related to emotion perception, suggesting that motor representation of facial movements can affect emotion experience. Our results provide new evidence for the functional role of motor system in the perception of facial emotions, and could contribute to the understanding of the deficit in social interaction for patients with autism or schizophrenia.

Mental representations of immigrants encode racialized expectations of socio-structural positions

Illegalized immigrants are mentally associated with specific visual expectations (e.g., dark-skinned threats) and classifications (e.g., Latin American, Syrian, poor, economic drains). However, these findings provide only partial accounts of how migrant illegality is represented: visual representations could shift depending on the various societal positions or categories illegalized immigrants occupy. We therefore introduce a factorial cross-categorical reverse correlation design where online participants (N = 480) visualized immigrants simultaneously associated with certain documentation statuses (documented or undocumented), economic circumstances (job or welfare), and nationalities (Mexican, Irish, Chinese, or Nigerian). The resulting images and evaluations by naïve samples (N = 345) highlighted that: 1) illegality is not always visually encoded as darker skin, 2) affective face expressions hint at racialized expectations of European vs. non-European immigrants’ societal positions in the U.S., and 3) disaggregation of a target category is critical for understanding the relationship between categorical and visual mental representations.

Face, Expression and Gesture Recognition and Compilation in Database Using Machine Learning

In today's scenario, numbers of crimes have increased day by day. At many public places government has placed many CCTV cameras so police can get that CCTV footage to identify the suspects but sometimes it becomes difficult to recognize the criminals So here we have come up with a solution to make this process smooth, easier than the traditional one. The system which automates all the suspect recognition process and provides better solutions to reduce the increasing rate of crimes. We plan to design a system to capture face, expressions and gestures of the targeted people (Criminals) through distributed CCTV System and are maintaining it in a database along with time and location stamp. The compiled database will be used to identify suspects from video clips of crime related CCTV footage captured series of CCTV Systems located on routes and close to scene of crime. This research discusses the various types of methodologies that can be used to identify the suspects which are captured in CCTV footage and convert it into useful information for further analysis of particular crime cases.

Ekspresi Wajah Manusia dalam Menanggapi Kehidupan Sebagai Ide Pada Penciptaan Karya Seni Grafis

This work is titled ‘Human Face Expressions in Responding to Life as an Idea on the Creation of Graphic Art Work’. Facial expressions that arise from a person, originated from the interaction of what he sees and what is stored in his mind. In the work that is made, the visual expression of the human face drawn is more focused on Ninik Mamak. Ninik Mamak or better known as the headman is the adat leader (functional adat) in Minangkabau. Ninik Mamak's position is as a holder of sako datuk (datuak) for generations according to maternal lineage in the matrilineal system. The creator chose ninik mamak as an object on the theme raised. The work created is the result of borrowing figures from a number of ninik mamak faces in Minangkabau. Ninik mamak or better known by the name of the ruler is the traditional leader in Minangkabau. Mamin ninik's position as holder of sako datuk (datuak) is hereditary according to maternal lineage in the matrilineal system. Facial expressions born from mamak ninik will later create a response when facing a social conflict that occurs in life. Where culture and customs in Minangkabau began to erode by the development of modern times. This is aimed at introspection and awareness to the public of negative social behavior through mamak ninik's facial expressions and figures in Minangkabau. Cultivation of graphic art created using hardboard cut, hand coloring, and mixed media techniques.

Facial expression recognition on a quantum computer

We address the problem of facial expression recognition and show a possible solution using a quantum machine learning approach. In order to define an efficient classifier for a given dataset, our approach substantially exploits quantum interference. By representing face expressions via graphs, we define a classifier as a quantum circuit that manipulates the graphs adjacency matrices encoded into the amplitudes of some appropriately defined quantum states. We discuss the accuracy of the quantum classifier evaluated on the quantum simulator available on the IBM Quantum Experience cloud platform, and compare it with the accuracy of one of the best classical classifier.

The face of future: Face expressions during future thinking

Future thinking, which is the ability to project oneself forward in time to pre-experience an event, is intimately associated with emotions. We investigated whether emotional future thinking can activate emotional facial expressions. We invited 43 participants to imagine future scenarios, cued by the words “happy,” “sad,” and “city.” Future thinking was video recorded and analysed with a facial analysis software to classify whether facial expressions (i.e., happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, disgusted, and neutral facial expression) of participants were neutral or emotional. Analysis demonstrated higher levels of happy facial expressions during future thinking cued by the word “happy” than “sad” or “city.” In contrast, higher levels of sad facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “sad” than “happy” or “city.” Higher levels of neutral facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “city” than “happy” or “sad.” In the three conditions, the neutral facial expressions were high compared with happy and sad facial expressions. Together, emotional future thinking, at least for future scenarios cued by “happy” and “sad,” seems to trigger the corresponding facial expression. Our study provides an original physiological window into the subjective emotional experience during future thinking.