Dt-Duiveltje

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
J.J. Zuidema ◽  
J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Complete Solution ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Word Processor ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Instructional Use ◽  
Spelling Checker

Dutch verb spelling is a rather complicated system of rival orthographic pre-scriptions. The spelling of Dutch verbs not only depends on their pronuncia-tion, but also on syntax and semantics. Pupils are often incapable of learning the system, even after many hours of verb spelling instruction. Investigations lead to the insight that a rule-oriented algorithmic method is more effective than traditional methods. But pupils still make a lot of errors. In this study we investigate how computers can improve verb-spelling performance of pupils. A first way could be the use of a word processor with an built-in spelling checker. Spelling checkers find errors in typed text, but existing spelling checkers cannot correct Dutch verbs automatically. Artificially Intelligent spelling checkers will do (but will be expensive for instructional use). A second way of improving spelling performance is the use of tutorial programs. We discuss algorithm-based instructional programs that introduce and train the verb spelling system and its underlying concepts. As a third way to improve spelling performance we introduce the instructional program DT-DUIVELTJE (DT-DEMON). DT-DEMON can be characterized as a half-automatic spelling checker for Dutch verbs. In most cases it can find and correct verb spellings automatically. In the remaining cases DT-DEMON asks the user one or two questions, in order to complete the analysis. The core of the program is a simulation of a human expert in verb spelling. An expert is supposed to find correct orthographic prescriptions as a result of very economic decisions, i.e. based on an analysis of lower-order language regularities. For instance, when the spelling of a verb can be found by analyzing letter sequences, a syntactic analysis can be omitted. In this way an expert writes far more verbs correctly as a result of automatic pattern recognition. Although the internal inference mechanism of DT-DEMON is one of pat-tern recognition, the dialogue with the user is rule-oriented. The program also knows the rule-oriented algorithm for verb spelling. A final remark about the way DT-DEMON internally processes, concerns the number of analyses performed. The program does not just stop searching when it finds a solution, but continues until all solutions are found. The number of successful redundant analyses is an indication of the degree of difficulty of the spelling problem. A lot of solutions means: easy; just one solution means: a less simple problem; not even one complete, automatically found solution means: pay attention, this is a difficult problem. DT-DEMON is suitable for instructional purposes once a pupil has learned the rules that govern verb spelling. The program works like an online spelling checker. When there is a difficult spelling problem, and the program cannot find a complete solution itself, it will ask the student for help. By doing so, it prevents errors due to premature automatization of spelling skills. The use of DT-DEMON is not restricted to precooked exercises, it can handle free language productions.

Learning to spell in second grade using the spelling checker

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M.T. Bosman ◽  
Martijn van Huygevoort ◽  
Joep T.A. Bakker ◽  
Ludo Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Second Graders ◽  
Word Processor ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Second Grade Students ◽  
Spelling Checker

The spelling process of Dutch second-grade students using the word processor was studied in three different feedback conditions. In the no-feedback condition, they merely had to type words without being told whether the spelling was correct or not. In one of the feedback conditions they were only told whether the word was spelled correctly, whereas in the other feedback condition they were given suggestions when words were spelled incorrectly. Students learned about the spelling of words without receiving feedback. Providing feedback, however, improved spelling performance substantially more than no-feedback. The nature of the feedback affected spelling performance of native and non-native Dutch words differently. Native Dutch words benefited more from suggestions than non-native words, and both word types benefited equally when no suggestions were provided. The quality of the suggestions provided by the spelling checker was substantially better in case of native Dutch words. Thus, Dutch second graders are capable of making efficient use of the spelling checker only in case of native Dutch words.

Linguistic issues in the development of ReGra: A grammar checker for Brazilian Portuguese

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALDO TEIXEIRA MARTINS ◽  
RICARDO HASEGAWA ◽  
MARIA DAS GRAÇAS VOLPE NUNES ◽  
GISELE MONTILHA ◽  
OSVALDO NOVAIS DE OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Word Processor ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Phrase Structure Grammar ◽  
Computational Performance

This paper presents a number of linguistic and computational issues identified during the implementation of a general use grammar checker for contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, ReGra, that has been incorporated in the word processor REDATOR by Itautec/Philco (Brazil). Two main strategies were employed in the implementation of correction rules: an error-driven, localist approach based on the identification of patterns indicative of grammatical mistakes; and a more generic approach that requires automatic syntactic analysis. In this discussion, particular emphasis is given to the development of a parser based on a phrase structure grammar comprising over 600 production rules. As for the computational performance, ReGra permits texts to be revised at a rate of ca. 200 words per second.

Conditions for exponential ergodicity and bounds for the decay parameter of a birth-death process

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Complete Solution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Rational Functions ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Decay Parameter ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Exponential Ergodicity ◽  
Birth Death

This paper is concerned with two problems in connection with exponential ergodicity for birth-death processes on a semi-infinite lattice of integers. The first is to determine from the birth and death rates whether exponential ergodicity prevails. We give some necessary and some sufficient conditions which suffice to settle the question for most processes encountered in practice. In particular, a complete solution is obtained for processes where, from some finite state n onwards, the birth and death rates are rational functions of n. The second, more difficult, problem is to evaluate the decay parameter of an exponentially ergodic birth-death process. Our contribution to the solution of this problem consists of a number of upper and lower bounds.

How well do pupils estimate answers?

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 436-440
Author(s):  
Charles J. Faulk
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Elementary Mathematics ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Current Emphasis

The current emphasis on mathematics in the elementary schools makes it more imperative that all elementary mathematics teachers emphasize quality in their teaching. Sueltz has said, “It is the teacher who sets the stage or creates an atmosphere or climate for learning; it is he who selects and adjusts methods of learning for a class, for group, and individuals; it is the teacher who selects the subject matter and the way in which it is learned.”1 A challenge is clearly indicated. How can the teacher meet this challenge? Beginning should be rather easy because the teacher works with the children who need help in this area. Knowing the needs and interests of boys and girls should enable teachers to make some of the decisions which Sueltz mentions. Keeping abreast of current developments in the field of elementary mathematics is a second way of meeting this challenge. Teachers who are not presently reading and studying will find that their background of training will not enable them to understand the professional literature within a year or so. A third way in which teachers can strengthen the instructional program in mathematics is through in-service education. In this manner the results of many experimental procedures which have proven successful may be discussed and incorporated into classroom procedures. Techniques and methods presently used may be reexamined to determine whether or not clarification, modification, deletion, or complete acceptance is most appropriate at this time.

Conditions for exponential ergodicity and bounds for the decay parameter of a birth-death process

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 514-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Complete Solution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Rational Functions ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Decay Parameter ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Exponential Ergodicity ◽  
Birth Death

This paper is concerned with two problems in connection with exponential ergodicity for birth-death processes on a semi-infinite lattice of integers. The first is to determine from the birth and death rates whether exponential ergodicity prevails. We give some necessary and some sufficient conditions which suffice to settle the question for most processes encountered in practice. In particular, a complete solution is obtained for processes where, from some finite state n onwards, the birth and death rates are rational functions of n. The second, more difficult, problem is to evaluate the decay parameter of an exponentially ergodic birth-death process. Our contribution to the solution of this problem consists of a number of upper and lower bounds.

scholarly journals Image-Based Face Detection and Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Gaurav Melkani and Dr. Sunil Maggu
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Face Detection And Recognition ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Face recognition from image or video is a popular topic in biometrics research. Many public places usually have surveillance cameras for video capture and these cameras have their significant value for security purpose. It is widely acknowledgedthatthefacerecognitionhaveplayedanimportant role in surveillance system as it doesn’t need the object’s cooperation. The actual advantages of face based identification over other biometrics are uniqueness and acceptance. As human face is a dynamic object having high degree of variability in its appearance, that makes face detection a difficult problem in computer vision. In this field, accuracy and speed of identification is a mainissue. The goal of this paper is to evaluate various face detection and recognition methods, provide complete solution for image based face detection and recognition with higher accuracy, better response rate as an initial step for video surveillance. Solution is proposed based on performed tests on various face rich databases in terms of subjects, pose, emotions, race andlight.

Multidisciplinarity in Transport Research and Education

2000 ◽  
Vol 1729 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Henk J. van Zuylen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Evolution Of Science ◽  
Transport Domain

The evolution of science has followed the path of specialization—a certain domain of knowledge within one discipline becomes a discipline in itself with its own paradigms and social structure of scientists and institutions. Multidisciplinarity is the reverse movement; progress is sought not in further specialization but in the integration of several approaches. This kind of research can take many forms. The simplest form of multidisciplinary problem solving is to split problems into subproblems and then solve each subproblem in a monodisciplinary fashion. Another way is to integrate the monodisciplinary contributions into a single, complete solution. A third way is to apply the paradigms of one discipline to enhance the problem-solving potential of another. Research in the domain of transportation is well suited to the different forms of the multidisciplinary approach. Many problems in transportation have aspects in the domains of disciplines ranging from pure engineering to psychology and ethics. Furthermore, only a few practical transportation problems can be solved satisfactorily without the cooperation of many disciplines. Finally, many examples within the domain of transportation show that completely new areas of knowledge have been developed by the integration of elements from other disciplines. Multidisciplinarity for the education of transport and traffic professionals is essential for the healthy development of the transport domain.

Population Balances Involving Aggregation and Breakage Through Homotopy Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Dutta ◽  
Zehra Pınar ◽  
Denis Constales ◽  
Turgut Öziş
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Approximate Analytical Solutions ◽  
Homotopy Analysis ◽  
Population Balances

Abstract Homotopy techniques in nonlinear problems are getting increasingly popular in engineering practice. The main reason is because the homotopy method deforms continuously a difficult problem under study into a simple problem, which then can be easy to solve. This study explores several homotopy approaches to obtain semi- or approximate analytical solutions for various cases involving mechanistic phenomena such as aggregation and breakage. The well-established approximate analytical methods namely, the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), and the more recent forms of homotopy approaches such as the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) and the Homotopy Analysis Transform Method (HATM) have been used to solve using a general mathematical framework based on population balances. In this study, several test cases have been discussed such as conditions in which the aggregation kernel is not only constant, but also sum or product dependent. Furthermore cases involving pure breakage, pure aggregation and a combined aggregation-breakage have been studied to understand the sensitivity of these homotopy-based methods in solving PBM. In all these cases, the solutions have been analytically studied and compared with literature. Using symbolic computation and carefully chosen perturbation parameters, the approximate analytical solutions are compared with each other and with the available analytical solution. A convergence analysis of the solution methods is made in comparison to the available solution. The case studies indicate that OHAM performs slightly better than both HATM and HPM in solving nonlinear equations such as the PBEs.

The Relation Between Linguistic Awareness Skills and Spelling in Adults: A Comparison Among Scoring Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1253
Author(s):  
Victoria S. Henbest ◽  
Lisa Fitton ◽  
Krystal L. Werfel ◽  
Kenn Apel
Keyword(s):  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Syntactic Awareness ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Linguistic Awareness ◽  
Average Readers

Purpose Spelling is a skill that relies on an individual's linguistic awareness, the ability to overtly manipulate language. The ability to accurately spell is important for academic and career success into adulthood. The spelling skills of adults have received some attention in the literature, but there is limited information regarding which approach for analyzing adults' spelling is optimal for guiding instruction or intervention for those who struggle. Thus, we aimed to examine the concurrent validity of four different scoring methods for measuring adults' spellings (a dichotomous scoring method and three continuous methods) and to determine whether adults' linguistic awareness skills differentially predict spelling outcomes based on the scoring method employed. Method Sixty undergraduate college students who were determined to be average readers as measured by a word reading and contextual word reading task were administered a spelling task as well as morphological, orthographic, phonemic, and syntactic awareness tasks. Results All four scoring methods were highly correlated suggesting high concurrent validity among the measures. Two linguistic awareness skills, morphological awareness and syntactic awareness, predicted spelling performance on both the dichotomous and continuous scoring methods. Contrastively, phonemic awareness and orthographic awareness predicted spelling performance only when spelling was scored using a continuous measure error analysis. Conclusions The results of this study confirm that multiple linguistic awareness skills are important for spelling in adults who are average readers. The results also highlight the need for using continuous measures of spelling when planning intervention or instruction, particularly in the areas of orthographic and phonemic awareness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document