The potato granule bound starch synthase chloroplast transit peptide directs recombinant proteins to plastids

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Hoppmann ◽  
Stefano D.i. Fiore ◽  
Sabine Zimmermann ◽  
Neil Emans ◽  
Thomas Rademacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide ◽  
Potato Granule ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

scholarly journals Nature of the Periplastidial Pathway of Starch Synthesis in the Cryptophyte Guillardia theta

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Deschamps ◽  
Ilka Haferkamp ◽  
David Dauvillée ◽  
Sophie Haebel ◽  
Martin Steup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Chain Length Distribution ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Guillardia Theta ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

ABSTRACT The nature of the periplastidial pathway of starch biosynthesis was investigated with the model cryptophyte Guillardia theta. The storage polysaccharide granules were shown to be composed of both amylose and amylopectin fractions with a chain length distribution and crystalline organization very similar to those of starch from green algae and land plants. Most starch granules displayed a shape consistent with biosynthesis occurring around the pyrenoid through the rhodoplast membranes. A protein with significant similarity to the amylose-synthesizing granule-bound starch synthase 1 from green plants was found as the major polypeptide bound to the polysaccharide matrix. N-terminal sequencing of the mature protein proved that the precursor protein carries a nonfunctional transit peptide in its bipartite topogenic signal sequence which is cleaved without yielding transport of the enzyme across the two inner plastid membranes. The enzyme was shown to display similar affinities for ADP and UDP-glucose, while the V max measured with UDP-glucose was twofold higher. The granule-bound starch synthase from Guillardia theta was demonstrated to be responsible for the synthesis of long glucan chains and therefore to be the functional equivalent of the amylose-synthesizing enzyme of green plants. Preliminary characterization of the starch pathway suggests that Guillardia theta utilizes a UDP-glucose-based pathway to synthesize starch.

scholarly journals Programmed chloroplast destruction during leaf senescence involves 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX)

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 3383-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Springer ◽  
ChulHee Kang ◽  
Sachin Rustgi ◽  
Diter von Wettstein ◽  
Christiane Reinbothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pathogen Defense ◽  
Chloroplast Transit Peptide ◽  
Selective Destruction ◽  
Plastid Envelope ◽  
Volatile Aldehydes

Leaf senescence is the terminal stage in the development of perennial plants. Massive physiological changes occur that lead to the shut down of photosynthesis and a cessation of growth. Leaf senescence involves the selective destruction of the chloroplast as the site of photosynthesis. Here, we show that 13-lipoxygenase (13-LOX) accomplishes a key role in the destruction of chloroplasts in senescing plants and propose a critical role of its NH2-terminal chloroplast transit peptide. The 13-LOX enzyme identified here accumulated in the plastid envelope and catalyzed the dioxygenation of unsaturated membrane fatty acids, leading to a selective destruction of the chloroplast and the release of stromal constituents. Because 13-LOX pathway products comprise compounds involved in insect deterrence and pathogen defense (volatile aldehydes and oxylipins), a mechanism of unmolested nitrogen and carbon relocation is suggested that occurs from leaves to seeds and roots during fall.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of mutant granule-bound starch synthase-I (waxy1) gene in diverse waxy maize inbreds

3 Biotech ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Hossain ◽  
Rashmi Chhabra ◽  
Elangbam L. Devi ◽  
Rajkumar U. Zunjare ◽  
Sunil K. Jaiswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Waxy Maize ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

scholarly journals Diversity of granule bound starch synthase i coding sequence within selected wild and cultivated Triticeae

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
J. Ovesná ◽  
M.-C. Nguyen ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
V. Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

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scholarly journals A null allele of granule bound starch synthase (Wx-B1) may be one of the major genes controlling chapatti softness

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246095
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Chunduri ◽  
Natasha Sharma ◽  
Monika Garg
Keyword(s):  
Null Allele ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase ◽  
Tearing Strength

Chapatti (unleavened flatbread) is a staple food in northern India and neighboring countries but the genetics behind its processing quality are poorly understood. To understand the genes determining chapatti quality, differentially expressed genes were selected from microarray data of contrasting chapatti cultivars. From the gene and trait association studies, a null allele of granule bound starch synthase (GBSS; Wx-B1) was found to be associated with low amylose content and good chapatti quality. For validation, near-isogenic lines (NILs) of this allele were created by marker assisted backcross (MAB) breeding. Background screening indicated 88.2 to 96.7% background recovery in 16 selected BC3F5 NILs. Processing quality and sensory evaluation of selected NILs indicated improvement in chapatti making quality. Traits that showed improvement were mouthfeel, tearing strength and softness indicating that the Wx-B1 may be one of the major genes controlling chapatti softness.

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