The beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii): an ancient threat to sugar beet crops in Central Europe has become an invisible actor.

2021 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Matthias Daub
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Abstract The beet cyst nematode (BCN) was one of the first discovered plant parasitic nematodes. Heterodera schachtii was observed in 1859 in Halle in Central Germany by the botanist Herman Schacht and described later by Adolf Schmidt in 1871, who named this cyst nematode species after its original discoverer. Partly due to the lack of knowledge about the effect of sugar beet monocultures on the population build-up of BCN, this nematode had a devastating impact on sugar production in 1876 that led to the shutdown of 24 sugar factories in Germany. This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of H. schachtii. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Improving the management of plant parasitic nematodes in banana: integration of technologies and responding to the demand of the consumers and markets.

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Luis Ernesto Pocasangre Enamorado
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Radopholus similis infesting bananas. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

The shifting sands of banana nematode communities under mixed cropping conditions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Danny Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of plant parasitic nematodes infesting bananas. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Litchi and guava nematode challenges in South Africa: can we change nematode communities and minimize the problems?

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Mieke S. Daneel ◽  
Willem P. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Lychee (Litchi chinensis) and guava (Psidium guajava) are both subtropical crops planted in limited areas of South Africa. Lychee cultivation is estimated at around 1800 ha, with many of the orchards being more than 25 years old. This has brought about its own problems, including nematode and fungal infections that together may result in poor vigour, yield losses and, eventually, tree death. This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of plant parasitic nematodes infesting lychee and guava. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Mitigating a galling problem in California's carrot production.

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
J. Ole Becker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Meloidogyne incognita infesting carrots in California, USA. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Integrated nematode management of Ditylenchus dipsaci in onion: a nematode in a world all on its own.

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Pella Brinkman ◽  
Misghina Goitom Teklu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Management Optimization

Abstract Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is one of the few plant parasitic nematode species infesting above-ground plant parts. It can be transmitted through infested planting material and seed, survive longer periods in the soil, has a broad host range and a relatively short life cycle and high multiplication rate. Further, it is able to cause substantial post-harvest losses in stored onions, making it a difficult nematode to manage. This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of D. dipsaci. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Integrated nematode management of Pratylenchus penetrans in onion: a versatile approach to control a versatile nematode.

2021 ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Johnny Visser
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Pratylenchus penetrans infesting onion. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Pratylenchus vulnus going nuts in California.

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Andreas Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Pratylenchus Vulnus ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Pratylenchus vulnus infesting nut crops in California, USA. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

scholarly journals Effect of Winter Oilseed Rape Cropping on the Development of the Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode, Heterodera schachtii, and Control of Volunteer Plants as a Trap Crop Method

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Daub Matthias
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Beet Cyst Nematode

The integration of oilseed rape (OSR) into sugar beet rotation systems is restricted due to the very good host status of OSR for the beet cyst nematode (BCN) Heterodera schachtii. In contrast to sugar beet, the cultivation of winter OSR covers a longer period, but at a lower soil temperature regime. Thus, presumably one or two generations of BCN may develop during the cultivation of winter OSR, resulting in moderate multiplication rates of 1–2 in the present study. This multiplication rate was year-dependent, but not affected by different sowing times. For the first time, the present study identified volunteer OSR emerging in high densities post-harvest as a major risk for a high multiplication of BCN at optimum temperatures. The emergence of BCN females with offspring was observed very early, resulting in a significant population increase before 350-degree days (>8 °C) in inoculation experiments and in field investigations. Conducting treatment trials with glyphosate to control volunteer OSR in micro-plots and field experiments confirmed effective suppression of BCN reproduction when growth of volunteer OSR was interrupted at 250–350-degree days. Thus, data gained from BCN reproduction studies under controlled and field conditions provided a unique basis for the development of a trap crop method. The degree day model has been successfully implemented as part of an open access management tool.

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