Concepts for understanding fruit trees

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Tree Physiology ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Deciduous Fruit

Abstract This book presents a clear set of integrative concepts for understanding the overall physiology and growth of temperate deciduous fruit trees. The emphasis is on overarching principles rather than detailed descriptions of tree physiology or difference among numerous species of fruit trees. Although the focus is on deciduous fruit trees, many aspects apply to evergreen fruit trees and trees that grow naturally in unmanaged situations.

scholarly journals Blooming under Mediterranean Climate: Estimating Cultivar-Specific Chill and Heat Requirements of Almond and Apple Trees Using a Statistical Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Díez-Palet ◽  
Inmaculada Funes ◽  
Robert Savé ◽  
Carmen Biel ◽  
Felicidad de Herralde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Growing Degree Hours ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Heat Requirements ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Chill Portions

Climate change, and specifically global temperature increase, is expected to alter plant phenology. Temperate deciduous fruit trees have cultivar-specific chill and heat requirements to break dormancy and bloom. In this study, we aimed to estimate chill and heat requirements (in chill portions, CP, and growing degree hours, GDH, respectively) of 25 almond (30–36 years) and 12 apple (14–26 years) cultivars grown under a Mediterranean climate. The set included early and late blooming genotypes. Long-term phenological and temperature records were analyzed by means of partial least squares (PLS) regression. The main difference between early and late genotypes was chill requirement, ranging from 8.40 CP of early genotypes to 55.41 CP of extra-late genotypes. However, as chill requirements are quite easily attained by all almond cultivars in this study, year-to-year variations in actual blooming dates for each genotype are governed by variability of mean forcing temperatures. In contrast, different chill and heat combinations resulted in similar mean blooming dates for the studied apple cultivars. Mean temperature in both chilling and forcing phases determined their blooming time in the location studied. Overlaps and gaps between both phases were obtained. Despite some limitations, the PLS analysis has proven to be a useful tool to define both chilling and forcing phases. Nevertheless, since the delineation of these phases determine the total amount of CP and GDH, further efforts are needed to investigate the transition of these phases.

Understanding the long-term storage sink.

2022 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
T. M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Similar to short-term starch storage in the chloroplasts of the leaves that serves to buffer growth of organs from carbohydrate shortages due to diurnal patterns of photosynthesis related to daily patterns of light and darkness, trees also have long-term storage capacity to enable them to supply the minimal respiratory needs of tissues during the winter and resume growth in the spring when trees are still leafless. This long-term storage of carbohydrates and some minerals occurs primarily in the phloem and xylem tissue of the branches, trunk and roots. While active phloem tissue has higher concentrations of stored carbohydrates than xylem tissue, the mass of active xylem storage tissue is many times the mass of the active phloem tissue. Thus, xylem tissue comprises the largest storage compartment of temperate deciduous fruit trees. This chapter deals with understanding the long-term storage sink in fruit trees.

scholarly journals Evaluation of N-P-K-Ca-Mg dynamics in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) var. Horvin under nursery conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-341
Author(s):  
Francisco Orduz-Ríos ◽  
Karen Victoria Suárez-Parra ◽  
Pablo Antonio Serrano-Cely ◽  
Pablo Cesar Serrano-Agudelo ◽  
Nicolás Forero-Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Tropical Highlands ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Nutritional Balance

Temperate fruit trees are a vital part of the economy of the Cundiboyacense highlands in Colombia. The nursery stage is important because it guarantees development at the final grow site. Little is known about the fertilization processes and nutritional dynamics of deciduous fruit trees in the early stages. This research aimed to evaluate the dynamics of N-P-K-Ca and Mg, along with SPAD units, in grafted plum (Prunus salicina) var. Horvin plants under the conditions of tropical highlands, which were evaluated at different growth points (cm), from grafting to transplant. The foliar N concentrations were the highest, followed by the K, P and Mg concentrations. Macronutrient concentrations in the first-stage of grafted nursery plants require nutritional balance for vegetative development and successful establishment at the definitive grow site.

scholarly journals CHR: An Integrated Software Tool for chilling requirements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Wanyu Xu ◽  
Ningning Gou ◽  
Lasu Bai ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Heat Requirement ◽  
Integrated Software ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Analyze Data

Abstract Background Bud dormancy in deciduous fruit trees enables plants to survive cold weather. The buds adopt dormant state and resume growth after satisfying the chilling requirements. Chilling requirements play a key role in flowering time. So far, several chilling models, including ≤ 7.2 °C model, the 0–7.2 °C model, Utah model, and Dynamic Model, have been developed; however, it is still time-consuming to determine the chilling requirements employing any model. This calls for efficient tools that can analyze data. Results In this study, we developed novel software Chilling and Heat Requirement (CHR), by flexibly integrating data conversions, model selection, calculations, statistical analysis, and plotting. Conclusion CHR is a tool for chilling requirements estimation, which will be very useful to researchers. It is very simple, easy, and user-friendly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Definitive Water Status Using the ‘Water Stress Indicator Sheet’ in Deciduous Fruit Trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihisa Morinaga ◽  
Kenichiro Koga ◽  
Hiroto Iga ◽  
Naoto Endo ◽  
Yuichiro Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Deciduous Fruit

Radiocesium transfer into the fruit of deciduous fruit trees contaminated during dormancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Sato ◽  
Daisuke Takata ◽  
Keitaro Tanoi ◽  
Tsutomu Ohtsuki ◽  
Yasuyuki Muramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Deciduous Fruit
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