scholarly journals CHR: An Integrated Software Tool for chilling requirements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Wanyu Xu ◽  
Ningning Gou ◽  
Lasu Bai ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Heat Requirement ◽  
Integrated Software ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Analyze Data

Abstract Background Bud dormancy in deciduous fruit trees enables plants to survive cold weather. The buds adopt dormant state and resume growth after satisfying the chilling requirements. Chilling requirements play a key role in flowering time. So far, several chilling models, including ≤ 7.2 °C model, the 0–7.2 °C model, Utah model, and Dynamic Model, have been developed; however, it is still time-consuming to determine the chilling requirements employing any model. This calls for efficient tools that can analyze data. Results In this study, we developed novel software Chilling and Heat Requirement (CHR), by flexibly integrating data conversions, model selection, calculations, statistical analysis, and plotting. Conclusion CHR is a tool for chilling requirements estimation, which will be very useful to researchers. It is very simple, easy, and user-friendly.

scholarly journals Bud endodormancy in deciduous fruit trees: advances and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinsong Yang ◽  
Yuhao Gao ◽  
Xinyue Wu ◽  
Takaya Moriguchi ◽  
Songling Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Regulatory Model ◽  
Vegetative Bud ◽  
New Cultivars

AbstractBud endodormancy is a complex physiological process that is indispensable for the survival, growth, and development of deciduous perennial plants. The timely release of endodormancy is essential for flowering and fruit production of deciduous fruit trees. A better understanding of the mechanism of endodormancy will be of great help in the artificial regulation of endodormancy to cope with climate change and in creating new cultivars with different chilling requirements. Studies in poplar have clarified the mechanism of vegetative bud endodormancy, but the endodormancy of floral buds in fruit trees needs further study. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of endodormancy induction, maintenance and release in floral buds of deciduous fruit trees. We also describe recent advances in quantitative trait loci analysis of chilling requirements in fruit trees. We discuss phytohormones, epigenetic regulation, and the detailed molecular network controlling endodormancy, centered on SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and Dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) genes during endodormancy maintenance and release. Combining previous studies and our observations, we propose a regulatory model for bud endodormancy and offer some perspectives for the future.

scholarly journals The Di2/pet variant in PETALOSA gene underlies a major heat requirement-related QTL for blooming date in peach (P. persica L. Batsch)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cirilli ◽  
Stefano Gattolin ◽  
Remo Chiozzotto ◽  
Irina Baccichet ◽  
Thierry Pascal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Environmental Stimulus ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Heat Requirement

Abstract Environmental adaptation of deciduous fruit trees largely depends on their ability to synchronize growth and development with seasonal climate change. Winter dormancy of flower buds is a key process to prevent frost damage and ensure reproductive success. Temperature is a crucial environmental stimulus largely influencing the timing of flowering, only occurring after fulfillment of certain temperature requirements. Nevertheless, genetic variation affecting chilling or heat-dependent dormancy release still remains largely unknown. In this study, a major QTL able to delay blooming date in peach by increasing heat-requirement was finely mapped in three segregating progenies, revealing a strict association with a genetic variant (petDEL) in a PETALOSA gene, previously shown to also affect flower morphology. Analysis of segregating genome-edited tobacco plants provided further evidence of the potential ability of PET-variations to delay flowering time. Potential applications of the petDEL variant for improving phenological traits in peach are discussed.

scholarly journals Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Abdel-Moety Salama ◽  
Ahmed Ezzat ◽  
Hassan El-Ramady ◽  
Shamel M. Alam-Eldein ◽  
Sameh Okba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Warm Winter ◽  
Winter Chill ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
The Tropics

Adequate chill is of great importance for successful production of deciduous fruit trees. However, temperate fruit trees grown under tropical and subtropical regions may face insufficient winter chill, which has a crucial role in dormancy and productivity. The objective of this review is to discuss the challenges for dormancy and chilling requirements of temperate fruit trees, especially in warm winter regions, under climate change conditions. After defining climate change and dormancy, the effects of climate change on various parameters of temperate fruit trees are described. Then, dormancy breaking chemicals and organic compounds, as well as some aspects of the mechanism of dormancy breaking, are demonstrated. After this, the relationships between dormancy and chilling requirements are delineated and challenging aspects of chilling requirements in climate change conditions and in warm winter environments are demonstrated. Experts have sought to develop models for estimating chilling requirements and dormancy breaking in order to improve the adaption of temperate fruit trees under tropical and subtropical environments. Some of these models and their uses are described in the final section of this review. In conclusion, global warming has led to chill deficit during winter, which may become a limiting factor in the near future for the growth of temperate fruit trees in the tropics and subtropics. With the increasing rate of climate change, improvements in some managing tools (e.g., discovering new, more effective dormancy breaking organic compounds; breeding new, climate-smart cultivars in order to solve problems associated with dormancy and chilling requirements; and improving dormancy and chilling forecasting models) have the potential to solve the challenges of dormancy and chilling requirements for temperate fruit tree production in warm winter fruit tree growing regions.

scholarly journals AssociationViewer: a scalable and integrated software tool for visualization of large-scale variation data in genomic context

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Martin ◽  
Armand Valsesia ◽  
Amalio Telenti ◽  
Ioannis Xenarios ◽  
Brian J. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Variation Data ◽  
Integrated Software ◽  
Scale Variation

Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Enormous Number

Abstract The correct design, analysis and interpretation of plant science experiments is imperative for continued improvements in agricultural production worldwide. The enormous number of design and analysis options available for correctly implementing, analyzing and interpreting research can be overwhelming. Statistical Analysis System (SAS®) is the most widely used statistical software in the world and SAS® OnDemand for Academics is now freely available for academic insttutions. This is a user-friendly guide to statistics using SAS® OnDemand for Academics, ideal for facilitating the design and analysis of plant science experiments. It presents the most frequently used statistical methods in an easy-to-follow and non-intimidating fashion, and teaches the appropriate use of SAS® within the context of plant science research. This book contains 21 chapters that covers experimental designs and data analysis protocols; is presented as a how-to guide with many examples; includes freely downloadable data sets; and examines key topics such as ANOVA, mean separation, non-parametric analysis and linear regression.

scholarly journals Nectar production of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
G. Kocsisné Molnár ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
The World ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Very High

Detailed studies were made on the nectar production of 44, 16 and 18 pear cultivars, respectively, in a cultivar collection of pear during three consecutive years with highly different weather in the blooming. Results clearly show that pear does not necessarily produce small amount of nectar as stated in the world literature. In fact, pear can produce extremely high amount of nectar sometimes much higher than other temperate zone fruit trees species but its nectar production is highly subjected to weather, first of all to air temperature. Low nectar production seems to be more frequent than high one and cold weather can prevent its nectar production at all. On the other hand, results corroborate to the earlier statements on the low sugar concentration of pear nectar. There is a highly significant negative correlation between the amount of nectar produced by pear flowers and its sugar concentration (r = -0.52, n = 291, p< 0.001 for 1996, r = -0.34, n = 197, p< 0.001 for 1998). Sugar concentration in individual flowers may be up, to 40% in exceptional cases but generally it is well below 20%. Very high figures for sugar concentration in pear nectar at the literature seem to be incomprehensible. In contrast of some earlier statement in the literature no real difference could be established in the nectar production of pear cultivars, based on much more measurements than in earlier studies. Very low sugar concentration in pear nectar can explain the fact that the overwhelming majority of honeybees are pollen gatherers at pear trees even in the case of exceptionally high nectar production.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of N-P-K-Ca-Mg dynamics in plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) var. Horvin under nursery conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-341
Author(s):  
Francisco Orduz-Ríos ◽  
Karen Victoria Suárez-Parra ◽  
Pablo Antonio Serrano-Cely ◽  
Pablo Cesar Serrano-Agudelo ◽  
Nicolás Forero-Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Tropical Highlands ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Nutritional Balance

Temperate fruit trees are a vital part of the economy of the Cundiboyacense highlands in Colombia. The nursery stage is important because it guarantees development at the final grow site. Little is known about the fertilization processes and nutritional dynamics of deciduous fruit trees in the early stages. This research aimed to evaluate the dynamics of N-P-K-Ca and Mg, along with SPAD units, in grafted plum (Prunus salicina) var. Horvin plants under the conditions of tropical highlands, which were evaluated at different growth points (cm), from grafting to transplant. The foliar N concentrations were the highest, followed by the K, P and Mg concentrations. Macronutrient concentrations in the first-stage of grafted nursery plants require nutritional balance for vegetative development and successful establishment at the definitive grow site.

scholarly journals SHAMAN: a user-friendly website for metataxonomic analysis from raw reads to statistical analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevenn Volant ◽  
Pierre Lechat ◽  
Perrine Woringer ◽  
Laurence Motreff ◽  
Christophe Malabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Interactive Visualizations ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract BackgroundComparing the composition of microbial communities among groups of interest (e.g., patients vs healthy individuals) is a central aspect in microbiome research. It typically involves sequencing, data processing, statistical analysis and graphical representation of the detected signatures. Such an analysis is normally obtained by using a set of different applications that require specific expertise for installation, data processing and in some case, programming skills. ResultsHere, we present SHAMAN, an interactive web application we developed in order to facilitate the use of (i) a bioinformatic workflow for metataxonomic analysis, (ii) a reliable statistical modelling and (iii) to provide among the largest panels of interactive visualizations as compared to the other options that are currently available. SHAMAN is specifically designed for non-expert users who may benefit from using an integrated version of the different analytic steps underlying a proper metagenomic analysis. The application is freely accessible at http://shaman.pasteur.fr/, and may also work as a standalone application with a Docker container (aghozlane/shaman), conda and R. The source code is written in R and is available at https://github.com/aghozlane/shaman. Using two datasets (a mock community sequencing and published 16S rRNA metagenomic data), we illustrate the strengths of SHAMAN in quickly performing a complete metataxonomic analysis. ConclusionsWe aim with SHAMAN to provide the scientific community with a platform that simplifies reproducible quantitative analysis of metagenomic data.

scholarly journals The effect of spring frosts on the nectar production and the bee visitation of fruit trees

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. Amtmann ◽  
F. Bakcsa ◽  
J. Iváncsics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Spring Frosts

Fruit tree species suffered very strong spring frosts in 1997 in Hungary. This caused partial or total damages at buds and flowers depending on site and time of blooming. It was demonstrated at a number of experiments that frost and cold weather also strongly affected the nectar production of surviving flowers. No or very little amount of nectar was measured in flowers first of all of early blooming fruit tree species (apricot) but also of pear and apple in some places. In spite of this fact intensive honeybee visitation was detected in the flowers of fruit trees that suffered partial frost damage only at those sites where honeybee colonies were placed in or at the experimental plantations and the lack of sufficient amount of nectar did not affected bee behaviour seriously on fruit flowers. This means that bad nectar production failed to affect bee visitation of fruit trees definitely. The reason for this was the fact that not only fruit trees but another early bee plants (wild plants, too) suffered frost damage. Accordingly, in lack of forage bees intensively searched for food at blooming fruit trees with some living flowers. Consequently, there was an acceptable yield at those plantations where bud and flower damage was not complete. Accordingly, intensive bee visitation (that is moving additional bee colonies to overpopulate fruit orchards with honeybees) can be an effective tool to decrease or eliminate the detrimental effect of spring frost on the yield of fruit trees where bud or fruit damage is not too high.  

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