Adrenal responsiveness of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) to intravenously administered ACTH

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Säkkinen ◽  
J. Tornberg ◽  
P. J. Goddard ◽  
E. Eloranta ◽  
E. Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
The Difference

AbstractPlasma cortisol concentrations were determined from the blood of eight mature female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) after an intravenous injection of either saline (control) or 100, 250 or 500 μg of synthetic ACTH. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after the injections. The aims were to determine the appropriate dose of ACTH for adrenal stimulation tests, to define the dose level of ACTH which elicited a maximal cortisol response and to describe the range of blood cortisol concentrations for reference when evaluating the stress responses of reindeer.The mean plasma cortisol concentrations (s.e.) at the zero sample times (t0) of the control and the ACTH treatments varied between 93·4 (11·8) and 132·5 (18·1) nmol/l. The total plasma cortisol response (area under curve, AUC, nmol/l × min) increased with increasing dose of ACTH (P < 0·001). The AUC of the control treatment was significantly smaller than of the ACTH treatments (P < 0·001). The highest dose of ACTH (500 μg) gave a significantly bigger AUC than the lowest dose (100 μg) (P = 0·008). The maximal plasma cortisol concentrations (CMAX) were achieved within 60 min of the ACTH injections. The ranges of individual CMAX were 59·0 to 136·8 nmol/l for the control treatment, and 110·0 to 252·0, 152·0 to 247·5 and 135·1 to 257·1 nmol/l for 100, 250 and 500 μg ACTH, respectively. The difference in CMAX was significant between the control treatment and the ACTH treatments (P < 0·001) but not between the different doses of ACTH. The plasma cortisol concentrations at the end of the observation period at t180 were not significantly affected by the ACTH treatment (P > 0·05).In conclusion, the 100-μg dose of ACTH was sufficient to produce a significant cortisol response compared with the control treatment. Increasing the dose did not increase the maximal response, but tended to elongate the response profile. The blood sampling frequency used in the study was found suitable for detection of the cortisol response in reindeer.

Lifetime patterns in adult female mass, reproduction, and offspring mass in semidomestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Rönnegård ◽  
Pär Forslund ◽  
Öje Danell
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Females

The objective of our investigation was to examine relationships between lifetime patterns of female mass, calving incidence, and offspring mass in semidomestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). The analyses were made on data recorded from 1986 to 1997 on semidomestic reindeer in the herding district of Ruvhten Sijte in Sweden. A female rearing a calf was shown to weigh 3.1 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± SE) less in winter than a female not rearing a calf. The difference in calving incidence between females rearing a calf in the previous year and those not rearing a calf in the previous year was small, but there was a tendency for old females to have a decreased calving incidence if they had reared a calf in the previous year. The average calving percentage for adult females was 73%. Calf masses were affected by both the mother's mass and her age. The regression coefficient of calf autumn mass on female mass the previous winter was 0.26 ± 0.02. Mothers aged 2–4 years had calves that weighed less than calves of older mothers. The average difference in autumn mass between male and female calves was 2.9 ± 0.2 kg, but the difference was less for calves with mothers aged 2–4 years. We obtained lifetime patterns of female mass, calving incidence, and offspring mass. We also gave an organized structure of relationships between these traits.

Effects of tail docking and castration on stress responses in lambs and the influence of prenatal glucocorticoid treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaofu Li ◽  
Ilias Nitsos ◽  
Graeme R. Polglase ◽  
John P. Newnham ◽  
John R. G. Challis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
In Pregnancy

It is common practice in Australian agriculture to remove the tails of lambs to prevent infection and to castrate males to prevent behavioural problems and unwanted reproduction. We have studied the pain and stress responses to these interventions by measuring changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and β-endorphin levels. Further, we have evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to dexamethasone, which is known to affect the developing HPA axis. In control animals that had received prenatal saline treatment, plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) levels increased after the interventions in both females and males. Plasma β-endorphin levels also increased after the interventions, but the responses were less consistent. Prenatal dexamethasone exposure early in pregnancy (dexamethasone 0.14 mg kg–1 ewe weight injection commenced on day 40 of pregnancy for four consecutive intramuscular injections at 12-hourly intervals) blunted the cortisol response to tail docking in female offspring, but not to combined tail docking and castration in males. It had no effect on ACTH or β-endorphin responses in either sex. These findings describe the stress responses to these common agricultural interventions and suggest that long-term development of the HPA axis in females is altered by prenatal exposure to dexamethasone.

scholarly journals The Effect of Blood Sampling on Plasma Cortisol in Female Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L)

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
J.E. Sire ◽  
A. Blom ◽  
Ø.V. Sjaastad ◽  
E. Ropstad ◽  
T.A. Bergdahl Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus

Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol and (β-endorphin concentrations in ewes subjected to laparoscopy and its associated handling procedures

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Haresign ◽  
R. J. Williams ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
R. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Intra Uterine Insemination

AbstractTwo experiments were performed to monitor the stress responses of sheep to intra-uterine insemination by laparoscopy and its associated handling procedures. The results of experiment 1 indicated that both restraint alone and full laparoscopic intra-uterine insemination in animals which had been sedated with 0·2 mg/kg diazepam promoted similar, significant (P < 0·001) short-lived increase in heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations, but there was no effect of treatment on plasma β-endorphin concentrations. Experiment 2 compared restraint and full laparoscopy, with and without sedation in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The heart rate and cortisol responses following restraint and full laparoscopy were not significantly different, although laparoscopy tended (P = 0·06) to increase the duration of the heart rate response. Sedation with diazepam significantly (P<0·05) increased the duration of the heart rate response but attenuated (P < 0·05) the amplitude of the cortisol response. These results indicate that laparoscopic intra-uterine insemination does cause sheep to mount a typical stress response, but that most of this is attributable to the restraint required to effect insemination. However, the magnitude of the stress responses recorded were much lower than those reported to follow many other husbandry procedures.

scholarly journals 244 Algae taste preference of Chlorella sp. from dairy wastewater by weaned dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
Bradley J Heins ◽  
Siane C Luzzi ◽  
Robert D Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the taste preference of calves fed Chlorella sp. microalgae produced from dairy lagoon wastewater. The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN, dairy during May 2019. Six Holstein and crossbred dairy heifer calves were fed 0 (control), 30, and 60 g of Chlorella sp. daily in a sequential elimination study. For the 7-d experiment, day 1 to 2 were for diet adaptation and day 3 to 4 were for data collection. During the final 3 days, the primarily consumed treatment was removed to determine the second preferred treatment. The microalgae used in this study was isolated from the dairy wastewater lagoon. The microalgae biomass was produced using outdoor hanging bag bioreactors with Chlorella sp. to recycle the dairy wastewater. The biomass was sterilized and kept frozen at -4°C until fed to calves. Calves were housed individually in hutches with outdoor access under solar panels, with free-choice water. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was calculated to rank the consumption of the treatments from most to least preferred using JMP 14.3 statistical software. Pairwise comparisons and Tukey adjustment were applied to evaluate the difference between the treatments for total intake. Calves consumed more (P &lt; 0.05) dry matter from control grain (3.4 kg/d) compared to 30 g microalgae grain (2.42 kg/d) and 60 g microalgae grain (1.56 kg/d) during the first 2-d period. During the second 2-d (d 3 and 4) segment, dry matter intake was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) for the 60 g microalgae treatment compared to the control and 30 g microalgae treatment. Five of six calves in this study always ranked the control treatment first (P &lt; 0.05) when given a choice, and ranked the 30 g microalgae second choice. Results indicated that microalgae maybe added to calf starter grains without any adverse effects; however, calves preferred calf starter grains without microalgae.

scholarly journals Clinical outbreak of babesiosis caused by Babesia capreoli in captive reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Bos ◽  
Fokko C. Klip ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Els M. Broens ◽  
Marja J.L. Kik
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus
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