244 Algae taste preference of Chlorella sp. from dairy wastewater by weaned dairy calves

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the taste preference of calves fed Chlorella sp. microalgae produced from dairy lagoon wastewater. The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN, dairy during May 2019. Six Holstein and crossbred dairy heifer calves were fed 0 (control), 30, and 60 g of Chlorella sp. daily in a sequential elimination study. For the 7-d experiment, day 1 to 2 were for diet adaptation and day 3 to 4 were for data collection. During the final 3 days, the primarily consumed treatment was removed to determine the second preferred treatment. The microalgae used in this study was isolated from the dairy wastewater lagoon. The microalgae biomass was produced using outdoor hanging bag bioreactors with Chlorella sp. to recycle the dairy wastewater. The biomass was sterilized and kept frozen at -4°C until fed to calves. Calves were housed individually in hutches with outdoor access under solar panels, with free-choice water. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was calculated to rank the consumption of the treatments from most to least preferred using JMP 14.3 statistical software. Pairwise comparisons and Tukey adjustment were applied to evaluate the difference between the treatments for total intake. Calves consumed more (P < 0.05) dry matter from control grain (3.4 kg/d) compared to 30 g microalgae grain (2.42 kg/d) and 60 g microalgae grain (1.56 kg/d) during the first 2-d period. During the second 2-d (d 3 and 4) segment, dry matter intake was reduced (P < 0.05) for the 60 g microalgae treatment compared to the control and 30 g microalgae treatment. Five of six calves in this study always ranked the control treatment first (P < 0.05) when given a choice, and ranked the 30 g microalgae second choice. Results indicated that microalgae maybe added to calf starter grains without any adverse effects; however, calves preferred calf starter grains without microalgae.

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Dry matter intake observed and predicted by the nutritional systems NRC and BR-Corte for feedlot nelore heifers fed with human feed products

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 3157

Author(s):

Simone Pedro da Silva ◽

Carina Ubirajara de Faria ◽

Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Cunha ◽

Aline Maria Soares Ferreira ◽

Jean Marcos Castro Paula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Diet ◽

Lower Growth ◽

The Difference ◽

Average Body

We aimed to evaluate the effects of using a concentrated ration containing industrialised human food on the productive parameters of Nellore heifers in confinement, in addition to comparing the dry matter intake (DMI) observed with that predicted by the nutritional systems BR-Corte and NRC, in order to determine which system makes the most accurate predictions for heifers of the breed Nelore in feedlots. Twenty-four Nelore heifers, with an average age of 24 months and average body weight (BW) of 350 kg, were used over the 70 days of the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two treatments and housed in partially covered stalls equipped with an automatic Growsafe® Systems feeding system. Animals in the control group (CONT) received a concentrated ration containing ground corn, soybean meal, urea, and mineral nucleus. In the residual treatment (RES) group, heifers received concentrated feed containing products from the human diet. The difference between the treatments was the concentrated ration; in the control treatment, the energy source used was maize, whereas in the residue treatment, the energy sources were corn chips, coconut candies, and ground coffee. Corn silage was included as forage for both treatments. The forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio was 84:16. The predicted intake was estimated according to the nutritional systems NRC (2000, 2016) and BR-Corte (VALADARES FILHO et al., 2010, 2016). The average DMI observed of the heifers was 7.46 kg day-1. Heifers fed with human feed residue had a higher dry matter intake (DMI) and higher ether extract intake (EEI) than animals fed with the control feed. In addition, heifers that received human feed products showed a lower average daily weight gain (DWG) of 1.08 kg day-1 than animals fed the control treatment with an average DWG of 1.24 kg day-1. The predicted dry matter intake by NRC 2000 was an overestimate by 9.78 % and by BR-Corte 2010 was an overestimate by 5.5 %. The NRC 2016 and BR-Corte 2016 underestimated the intake of heifers by 18.9 % and 7.1 %, respectively. It was concluded that growing Nelore heifers fed with human feed products, with a F:C ratio of 84:16, present a higher DMI and lower growth performance and feed efficiency than heifers fed the control diet. The DMI predicting models for Nellore heifers proposed by BR-Corte are more adequate than the NRC models.

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Taste preference of Chlorella sp. algae from dairy wastewater by weaned dairy calves

JDS Communications ◽

10.3168/jdsc.2020-0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

S.C. Luzzi ◽

R.D. Gardner ◽

B.J. Heins

Keyword(s):

Taste Preference ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Chlorella Sp

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Consumo de materia seca en un sistema silvopastoril de Tithonia diversifolia en trópico alto

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/ma.v28i2.23561 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Estefania Mejia Diaz ◽

Liliana Mahecha Ledesma ◽

Joaquín Angulo Arizala

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Silvopastoral System ◽

Grazing Behavior ◽

Two Systems ◽

Coefficient Of Concordance ◽

The Difference

The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of dry matter forage (CMSf) by grazing holstein cows. The research was conducted in northern Antioquia highlands; a silvopastoral system with Tithonia diversifolia and Cenchrsus clandestinum (SSP) and a monoculture C. clandestinum were used. Were estimated the CMSf by different methodologies and kikuyu:wild sunflower consumption relation, also the interchangeability of two methodologies was determined. There were two conducted trials, in the first trail SSP was used without browsing of wild sun ower and monoculture; in the second trial the same system was applied, with the difference that for the SSP animals browsed the shrubby by themselves. Twelve random infant holstein cows were used in the two systems. CMSf was estimated by indicators (I), agronomic (A) and grazing behavior (C) methods, method I was the reference. In trial I more CMSf was observed in the SSP, with an average of 14.7 kg/day (p<0.05); trial II showed no difference in the CMSf, with an average of 13.3 kg/day (p>0.005). The kikuyu:wild sunflower consumption relation was 95:5. The correlation coefficient of concordance between the methods I and C near to 0 shown that they are not interchangeable. The results suggest that the SSP evaluated supplied sufficient forage to ensure optimal CMSf.

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Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.481a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 481a-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Rangappa ◽

H.L. Bhardwaj

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Broad Leaf ◽

Yield Difference ◽

Optimum N Rate ◽

N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

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Effect of Sulphur and GA3 on the Growth and Yield of Onion

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16749 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MHA Rashid

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Four Levels ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Almost All ◽

Bulb Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of sulphur and GA3 on the growth and yield performance of onion cv. BARI Peaj-1. The experiment included four levels of sulphur viz., 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha and four concentrations of GA3 viz., 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 ppm. The experimental findings revealed that sulphur and GA3 had significant influence on plant height, number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter and length, individual bulb weight, splitted and rotten bulb, bulb dry matter content and bulb yield. The highest bulb yield (13.85 t/ha) was recorded from 30 kg S/ha, while the lowest bulb yield (11.20 t/ha) was obtained from control. Most of the parameters showed increasing trend with the higher concentration of GA3. Application of GA3 @ 100 ppm gave the maximum bulb yield (15.23 t/ha), while the minimum value (10.10 t/ha) was observed from control. Almost all the parameters were significantly influenced by combined treatments of sulphur and GA3 except bulb length of onion. The maximum bulb dry matter content (13.50%) and bulb yield (17.10 t/ha) were produced from the application of sulphur @ 30 kg/ha with 100ppm GA3, while the minimum bulb dry matter content (9.23%) and bulb yield (9.33 t/ha) were recorded from control treatment of sulphur with GA3.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16749 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 57 - 63, 2010

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Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Nutrient with the Chemical Fertilizer of Super Swing and Whey in some Growth Parameters and Concentration of Certain Nutrients of Transplants of Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L.

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2019.177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 282-290

Author(s):

Nada A. El-Qatrani

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Sour Orange ◽

Stem Number ◽

High Concentration ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Foliar Nutrient ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Metabolic Performance

This study was carried out in the nursery of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during 2018 growing season. Completely randomized blocks design (C.R.B.D.) was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of super swing (0, 0.5 and 1) g.l-1 and whey (0, 50 and 75) % and their interactions to enhance the growth parameters and chemical characteristics of Sour orange transplants. The results showed a significant increase in most of the measured growth parameters of transplants treated with high concentration of foliar spraying to both fertilizers. Application of super swing at 1 g.l-1 with whey at 75% together significantly increased the height of plant, the number of leaves, leaf area, the diameter of stem, number of flowers, the leaves content of both nitrogen and potassium, percentage of dry matter, and content of chlorophyll. Whereas, control treatment was significantly increased the water content compared to other treatments. Addition of growth-enhancing compounds such as super swing and whey extract to the plant can improve the metabolic performance and enhances the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.

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IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH INHIBITORS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i6.1484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1431-1440

Author(s):

N. M. Abood ◽

E. M. SHALAL ◽

M. I. HAMDAN

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Growth Inhibitors ◽

Plant Growth Inhibitors

Field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2019 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on growth and yield of several sorghum varieties .Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replications was used. The main plot consists of three growth inhibitors (Cycocel, Ethiphon, and Mebiquat), which were added at stages six and eight leaf stage, in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only), the sub plot was included three cultivars (Mabrouk, Buhooth 70 and Giza 113). The results showed in both seasons significant interaction between cultivars and growth inhibitors in most of the studied traits. The plants of the variety Giza 113 sprayed with Ethiphon recorded the lowest period of reaching physiological maturity, the highest average dry matter yield, and the highest weight of 1000 grains (89.00 days, 17.32 ton ha-1, and 39.33 gm) respectively. The same variety recorded the highest content of chlorophyll in the leaves and the highest grain yield due to the effect of Mebiquat (49.50 spad, 3.93 ton ha-1. The cultivar Buhooth 70 with the effect of Cycocel achieved the highest average of dry matter yield of 33.27 ton ha-1.

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EFFECTS OF THE TEMPERATURE ON THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF MONO-CRYSTALLINE AND POLY-CRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANELS

SINERGI ◽

10.22441/sinergi.2020.1.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hamzah Eteruddin ◽

Atmam Atmam ◽

David Setiawan ◽

Yanuar Z. Arief

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Solar Module ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

The Difference

People can make solar energy alternative energy by employing solar panels to generate electricity. The utilization of solar energy on a solar panel to generate electricity is affected by the weather and the duration of the radiation, and they will affect the solar panel’s temperature. There are various types of solar panels that can be found on the market today, including Mono-Crystalline and Poly-Crystalline. The difference in the material used needs to be observed in terms of temperature changes in the solar module. Our study’s findings showed that a change in the temperature would impact the solar panel’s output voltage, and the solar panel’s output voltage would change when it was connected to the load although the measured temperatures were almost the same.

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Dead Cover and Agronomic Characteristics of Cowpea

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n10p175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Vilson de Souza Rocha ◽

Ajax de Sousa Ferreira ◽

Bruna Nogueira Leite ◽

Carla Coelho Ferreira ◽

Karla Gabrielle Dutra Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Low Income ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Number Of Seeds

Dead cover, or mulch, consisting of plant residues, plays an important role for the success of diverse agricultural crops, working as an insulating layer protecting the soil from daytime temperature variations and maintaining the soil moist and rich in organic matter. Cowpea is a source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Its importance in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions of the country is associated with economic and social aspects, since it is an important food for low-income populations, supplying their nutritional needs. This study was carried out under greenhouse conditions in Manaus, state of Amazonas, with the purpose of assessing the effect of different dead covers on the agronomic characteristics of cowpea cultivars. It consisted of a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. The treatments comprised four cowpea cultivars (BRS Caldeirão, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Guariba and BRS Tracuateua) and three species of cover plants (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna pruriens) and one control treatment, without soil cover, in a total of 16 treatments, with four replications and two plants per experimental unit. Analysis of variance was applied to the data, and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott’s test at 5% probability level. The following characteristics were examined: number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, weight of shoot dry matter, and grain yield. Mulching provided better results for all characteristics assessed in the four cultivars when compared to the control. BRS Caldeirão is the recommended cultivar for the state of Amazonas and the other regions with similar edaphoclimatic characteristics (high air temperature, rainfall, air humidity, and low-fertility tropical soils) because it exhibited the greatest number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, shoot dry matter, and the highest average grain yield (Freire Filho et al., 2011; Souza et al., 2016).

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