Description of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia yushimai sp. n. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a major pest of soybean and findings of host alternation

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yukawa ◽  
N. Uechi ◽  
M. Horikiri ◽  
M. Tuda
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Host Alternation ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Distributional Information ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Major Pest

AbstractThe soybean pod gall midge is an important pest of soybean in Japan and is known to occur also in Indonesia and China. This gall midge is described from Japan as Asphondylia yushimaisp. n. and is clearly distinguished from its congeners by the arrangement of the lower frontal horns of the pupa and the sequence of the mtDNA COI region. It is concluded that Prunus zippeliana Miquel is a winter host of the soybean pod gall midge since haplotypes of the soybean pod gall midge coincide with those of the Prunus fruit gall midge that produces fruit galls on P. zippeliana. In addition, phenological and distributional information on the two gall midges and on their host plants supports the identification of the winter host. In Japan, the soybean pod gall midge overwinters as a first instar in the fruit galls on P. zippeliana and emerges as an adult from the galls in May. In summer and autumn, the soybean pod gall midge has two or more generations in the pods of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill or wild fabaceous and caesalpiniaceous plants. Thus host alternation by A. yushimai is confirmed. This is the second finding of host alternation by a species of Asphondylia, the first instance being that of Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal) in Cyprus.

scholarly journals Hidden Diversity—A New Speciose Gall Midge Genus (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Associated with Succulent Aizoaceae in South Africa

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Netta Dorchin ◽  
Stephany van Munster ◽  
Cornelia Klak ◽  
Rauri C. K. Bowie ◽  
Jonathan F. Colville
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
High Degree

Aizoaceae (Caryophyllales) constitute one of the major floral components of the unique Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), with more than 1700 species and 70% endemism. Within succulent Aizoaceae, the subfamily Ruschioideae is the most speciose and rapidly diversifying clade, offering potential niches for the diversification of specialized herbivorous insects. Nevertheless, insect diversity on these plants has not been studied to date, and knowledge of gall-inducing insects in the Afrotropics is generally scarce. Our recent observations indicate that succulent Aizoaceae in the GCFR support a rich and largely unstudied community of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Here, we provide a first report of their diversity with a description of a new genus, Ruschiola Dorchin, and ten new species, based on morphological and molecular analyses of material collected during a three-year targeted survey across major GCFR vegetation types. A high degree of morphological uniformity in Ruschiola suggests recent diversification and necessitated the use of molecular data and laboratory rearing from host plants to verify species boundaries and host ranges.

scholarly journals The first record of the yew gall midge Taxomyia taxi (Inchbald, 1861) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Polish Carpathians, southern Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Jan Bodziarczyk ◽  
Marcin Widlak ◽  
Malwina Siwy
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
First Record ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
First Time

Abstract The yew gall midge Taxomyia taxi has been found for the first time in the Polish Carpathians. The site lies in the “Yews in Mogilno” (“Cisy w Mogilnie”) nature reserve in the western part of the Beskid Niski (Low Beskid) Mountains. The species occurs over an area of ca. 37 ha, mostly in the northern, lowest-lying parts of the reserve. 19.4% of the inspected specimens of the European yew were found to exhibit signs of feeding by gall midges. Most of the infested yews (86.7%) were barren, 8.2% were females and 5.1% males. The yew gall midges displayed no clear preferences in relation to the health status of the host plants, although yews with a healthier photosynthetic apparatus were selected more often.

scholarly journals First characterization of a taxonomically well‑resolved trophic network composed by host plants and gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Neotropical region

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216134
Author(s):  
Walter Santos de Araújo ◽  
Valéria Cid Maia
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Topological Descriptors ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Trophic Network

In the present study we described the structure of a trophic network composed by gall-midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and their host plants in the Restinga of Barra de Maricá (Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Species data were retrieved from literature and different topological descriptors (links per species, connectance, and modularity of interactions) were used. All gall-midge species were monophages, with connectance of 2.8% of the 2,016 possible interactions. The network of host plants and gall midges had low number of links per species and high modularity, which indicates high specificity and specialization of plant-galling interactions in the area. This is the first characterization of a trophic network with good taxonomic resolution for the Neotropical gall midges.

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

scholarly journals Cecidomyiidae (Diptera, Insecta): richness of species and distribution in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Cid Maia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Fauna Composition ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: Most Neotropical species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) have been described from Brazil, but a list of species with occurrence in the country has never been published. Little is known about their distribution and richness in the Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Additionally, a list of host plant species has never been gathered. The present study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and provides an overview of this family in Brazil. For this, data were obtained mainly from the literature, but also from the Cecidomyiidae collection of Museu Nacional and two herbaria (RB and R). Based on the site "Flora do Brasil 2020", botanical names were updated and plant species origin and distribution were verified. A total of 265 gall midge species have been recorded in Brazil, most from the Atlantic Forest (183), followed by Cerrado (60), and Amazon Forest (29). The other phytogeographic domains shelter from five to ten species. Phytophagous gall midges occur on 128 plant species of 52 families, almost all native, being 43 endemic to Brazil (21 endemic to Atlantic Forest, five to Cerrado, and one to Amazon). Although, the taxonomical knowledge is focused on the Atlantic Forest, each domain has its own fauna composition and these informations can be useful for environmental conservational purposes. About 58% of the Brazilian fauna are known only from the type-locality. In order to fill these gaps, it is necessary and important to collect in uninvestigated areas.

scholarly journals Pseudasphondylia tominagai, a new gall midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing flower bud galls on Eleutherococcus spinosus (Araliaceae) in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Elsayed ◽  
Junichi Yukawa ◽  
Makoto Tokuda
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
A New Species

The genus Pseudasphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini: Asphondyliina) comprises ten Palearctic, Oriental and Australian species associated with various hosts belonging to at least ten plant families. A new species, Pseudasphondyliatominagai Elsayed & Tokuda n. sp., that induces flower bud galls on Eleutherococcusspinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu (Araliaceae) is described. This species is considered to alternate between host plants seasonally. A key to males of known Pseudasphondylia species is provided.

scholarly journals Extract of Nicotiana tabacum as a potential control agent of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souvic Sarker ◽  
Un Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Important Pest

Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of stone and pome fruits. Growers usually depend on chemical insecticides to control this pest, but demand for more environmentally-friendly means of controlling pests is increasing. At least 77 plant extracts have been reported to be effective against other lepidopterans, but their acute toxicity against G. molesta has rarely been studied. Among these 77 materials, we assessed the residual toxicity of 32 extracts against first instar larvae (

scholarly journals Fuller Rose Beetle, Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamba Gyeltshen ◽  
Amanda Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Fruit Part

EENY-375, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Jamba Gyeltshen and Amanda Hodges, describes this economically important pest of ornamentals and fruit. Part of the Featured Creatures series, this publication covers the synonymy, distribution, description, biology, host plants, damage, management, and selected references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, May 2006. EENY-375/IN678: Fuller Rose Beetle, Naupactus godmanni (Crotch) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (ufl.edu)

Biological responses of Tetranychus urticae to five pepper cultivars at two phenological stages of host plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khodayari ◽  
Maryam Hashemian Shalilvand
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Important Pest

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Control of this pest is usually dependent on chemical pesticides. The use of resistant plant cultivars in conjugation with other control tactics generates more effective and long lasting results in management of many pests. In this study we used two-sex life table to evaluate the performance of T. urticae on five pepper cultivars (11983, ES4, Hashemi, Mahali and USL) before and after blooming of host plants. The results showed that the immature time, adult longevity and fecundity differed significantly among cultivars. Before blooming on 11983, the values for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.0645 and 1.066 day-1 respectively, which were significantly the lowest; the highest r and λ values was recorded on ES4 which were 0.1347 and 1.144 day-1 respectively. After blooming there was no significant difference in these values among cultivars except for Mahali in which these values were significantly the highest (0.0751 and 1.078 day-1 respectively). Comparing between the phenological stages of host plants (before and after blooming) indicated that after blooming all of the tested pepper cultivars were more resistant to T. urticae. In summary, among the different cultivars tested, the most suitable was ES4 and the least suitable was 11983 before blooming of host plants. After blooming the suitability of host plants changed and decreased significantly.

Taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous, meliponiphilous and rhizophilous soft scale genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2709 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKUMASA KONDO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
World Species ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Instar

The present study revises the soft scale insects of the genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae), which comprises a group of New World species associated with ants or bees or of hypogeal habit. It includes 17 species, of which 10 species are new to science. The study is based on the external, mostly cuticular morphology of the adult females and first-instar nymphs. Taxonomic keys based on adult females and known first-instar nymphs are provided. For each species a description or redescription is given, followed by information on its distribution, host plants, and known biological information including associated ants or bees. The new species described are Cryptostigma chacoensis sp. nov., C. gullanae sp. nov., C. jonmartini sp. nov., C. longinoi sp. nov., C. melissophilum sp. nov., C. mexicanum sp. nov., C. philwardi , sp. nov. C. rhizophilum sp. nov., C. serratum sp. nov., and C. tuberculosum sp. nov. Neolecanium urichi (Cockerell) is transferred to Cryptostigma as C. urichi (Cockerell) comb. nov., and C. quinquepori (Newstead) is synonymized with Cryptostigma urichi, comb. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Cryptostigma saundersi Laing, Lecanium silveirai Hempel, Lecanium urichi Cockerell and Akermes quinquepori Newstead. Cryptostigma inquilina (Newstead) is amended to C. inquilinum in order to match the neutral ending “stigma”. The following names are treated as nomina nuda: Cryptostigma jamaicensis and Lecanopsis jamaicensis (Ben-Dov, 1993: 97).

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