scholarly journals The uptake of D-araboascorbic acid (D-isoascorbic acid) by guinea-pig tissues

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
R. J. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
No Conversion ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Supplement

1. Guinea-pigs on a low, controlled intake of ascorbic acid (0.3 mg/100 g body-weight) were given daily an oral supplement of L-ascorbic acid (AA) or of D-isoascorbic acid (isoAA) (both 1.5 mg/100 g body-weight). The AA was deposited in the tissues, the isoAA was not.2. Intramuscularly administered isoAA was deposited in the tissues but not to the same extent as equivalent amounts of intramuscularly administered AA.3. Paper chromatography confirmed that intramuscularly administered isoAA was deposited in the tissues as isoAA, i.e. there was no conversion into AA.4. It is concluded that in guinea-pigs (a)AA is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract much more readily than isoAA and (b)AA is either more readily abstracted from the blood or is more readily retained by the tissues or both, than is isoAA.

scholarly journals Vitamin C status, serum cholesterol levels and bile composition in the pregnant guinea-pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

1. Pregnant guinea-pigs receiving a low dose of L-ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/100 g body-weight per d) developed a hypercholesterolaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas no change in serum cholesterol levels was observed in pregnant animals receiving a higher dose of the vitamin (2 mg/100 g body-weight per d).2. Pregnancy in the group of guinea-pigs receiving the higher dose of L-ascorbic acid was associated with an increased biliary secretion of bile acids. No change was observed in the biliary secretion of bile acids in pregnant animals receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid, but these animals secreted significantly more cholesterol.3. Changes in the biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids in the pregnant guinea-pig according to L-ascorbic acid intake were reflected in the composition of the gall-bladder bile. Thus, the gall-bladder bile of guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid contained more cholesterol, while the gall-bladder bile of those animals receiving the higher dose of the vitamin had a higher content of bile acids.4. The increased cholesterol content of the gall-bladder of pregnant guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid resulted in decreased bile acid:cholesterol and phospholipid: cholesterol values, conditions predisposing to cholelithiasis.

Differential determination of D-isoascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid in guinea pig organs

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid

To test the theory that D-isoascorbic acid (IAA) was not retained by the organs of animals, guinea pigs were fed a synthetic diet containing ascorbic acid (AA) plus IAA. The incorporation of IAA and AA was determined by making use of the different rates of osazone formation of oxidized AA and IAA with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. It was found that the organs of the guinea pigs retained a significant quantity of IAA which replaced a corresponding quantity of AA. The incorporated IAA could, in turn, be replaced by AA when only AA was subsequently given in the diet.

The retention of ascorbic acid by guinea-pig tissues

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
R. J. Hurley ◽  
P. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Aqueous Humour ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid ◽  
The Brain

1. Male and female guinea-pigs with high tissue concentrations of L-xyloascorbic acid (ascorbic acid, AA) and male guinea-pigs with high tissue concentrations of D-araboascorbic acid (isoascorbic acid, isoAA) were given a scorbutogenic diet and the rates of depletino from various tissues were measured fro both isomers.2. The loss of AA from the brain and eye lens was considerably less rapid than the loss from the adrenal glands, spleen and aqueous humour. After 14nd on the AA-free diet the AA concentrations in the brain and eye lens were 24 and 27% respectively of the initial concentrations; the corresponding values for the aqueous humour, adrenal glands and spleen were 3,4 and 5%. There was no apparent sex difference in the rate of loss of AA.3. The loss of isoAA was much more rapid than that of AA in the spleen, adrenal glands and aqueous humour; in the brain and eye lens the depletion patterns of the two isomers were similar.

Vitamin C activity of D-isoascorbic acid for the guinea pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Pelletier ◽  
Claude Godin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid

Guinea pigs fed with a synthetic diet or a rabbit ration were depleted of vitamin C for 17 days. The scorbutic animals were treated daily during 2 months with 40 mg D-isoascorbic acid (IAA) or 2 mg L-ascorbic acid (AA). Both isomers restored the growth of the animals and caused the disappearance of scorbutic symptoms. For 3 weeks, the two diets gave similar response, after which the animals fed with the rabbit ration grew much less. Animals given IAA ate less and had smaller weight gains than those given AA; this effect was overcome by pair-feeding. Only a small proportion of administered IAA was recovered in the organs and in the urine. The total ascorbic acid content (AA and IAA) of the IAA-treated animals was less than that of the AA-treated animals. The low AA content of the organs of the IAA-treated animals indicated that IAA had no significant sparing action on AA.

The effects of furosemide and bumetanide on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thom ◽  
A. M. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Blue Dextran ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Lung Liquid ◽  
Secretion Rates

Lungs from fetal guinea pigs of 61 ± 3 days of gestation were supported in vitro for 3 h, and lung liquid secretion rates were measured by a dye dilution technique based on Blue Dextran 2000. Ten preparations that had received no treatment showed an average secretion rate of 1.12 ± 0.28 mL∙kg−1 body weight∙h−1 during the first hour, and there were no significant changes over the following 2 h. In studies of 54 fetal lungs, furosemide, bumetanide, control ethanol carrier, or saline alone were placed in the supporting medium during the middle hour of the 3-h incubations (ABA design). Furosemide at 10−3 M reduced secretion 83.4 ± 16.8%; at 10−4 and 10−5 M it produced smaller reductions. Bumetanide at 10−3 M usually produced reabsorption (129.9 ± 23.0% reduction), at 10−4 M it reduced secretion 30.9 ± 11.8%, but at 10−5 M it was ineffective. Control carrier and saline were without effect. The ability of the loop diuretics to produce reabsorption of fluid in some preparations suggests the unmasking of an active reabsorptive process. The results also suggest that lung liquid secretion in the fetal guinea pig, as in the sheep, is dependent on a Na+ and Cl− cotransport system.Key words: fetus, lung fluid, bumetanide, furosemide.

EFFECT OF HISTAMINE ON GASTRIC PEPSINOGEN, PEPSIN SECRETION, AND BLOOD PEPSINOGEN IN GUINEA PIGS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 729-732
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Pepsin Secretion ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Guinea Pig Stomach

The endocrine and exocrine activity of guinea pig stomach was measured by the determination of pepsinogen in gastric tissue and in plasma. Gastric juice pepsin was also studied.A significant increase of both pepsinogen and pepsin was found in animals treated with a dose of histamine (75 mg. per kg. of body weight). These results give further evidence that the zymogenic cells of gastric mucosa may be stimulated by histamine. The determination of pepsinogen in gastric tissue seems to permit a direct approach to the enzymatic function of zymogenic cells.

ON THE ANTIGENICITY OF INSULIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moloney ◽  
L. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Percentage Survival

On the basis of body weight, mice showed a higher percentage survival to large doses of insulin than did rabbits and these in turn were more resistant to insulin than guinea pigs. Antibodies to insulin were induced in five species of animals. Anti-insulins produced by the guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, and horse can each neutralize insulin extracted from the pancreas of the rabbit, sheep, horse, pig, ox, and monkey (Macacus rhesus), but none of the four can neutralize insulin extracted from guinea-pig pancreas. Guinea-pig anti-insulin can neutralize endogenous mouse insulin; horse anti-insulin cannot. The problem of the relative effectiveness of insulin as an antigen is discussed.

URINARY EXCRETION PRODUCTS OF MENADIONE (VITAMIN K3)

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. G. Hoskin ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks ◽  
L. B. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Vitamin K3 ◽  
Dosage Range

Radioactive vitamin K3 (2-methyl-C14-1,4-naphthoquinone) was administered to rats and the radioactive urinary products separated by paper chromatography and identified by ultraviolet absorption spectra and chemical analyses. Over the dosage range of 2.6 to 11.0 mgm. per kgm. of body weight, 2-methyl-C14-1,4-naphthoquinone was excreted, in order of decreasing relative concentrations as the diglucuronide (Product 1), the monosulphate (Product 2), and a third partially identified derivative of the vitamin (Product 3). Following the administration of vitamin K3, these products were excreted by normal rats, a dicoumarol-poisoned rat, and a guinea pig. The relative concentrations in the urine of Products 1 and 2 varied directly with the size of dose of vitamin K3. At these dosages, little or no vitamin K3 is excreted in urine as such.

Accretion of total protein and individual amino acids by organs and tissues of growing lambs and the ability of nitrogen balance techniques to quantitate protein retention

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MacRae ◽  
A. Walker ◽  
D. Brown ◽  
G. E. Lobley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total N ◽  
Comparative Slaughter ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

AbstractTwelve Suffolk-Finn Dorset lambs were reared from 25 to 40 or 25 to 55 kg body weight on either pelleted dried grass or a ration of pelleted grass plus barley (ratio 1:1) in a comparative slaughter experiment designed to determine the amounts of total nitrogen and individual amino acids accreted in different body components during growth. Nitrogen (N) balance measurements were determined frequently during this growth phase and accumulated N retentions were compared with the total N accretion determined by comparative slaughter. Total N and individual amino acids accumulated in carcass, wool, skin, offal and blood, head and feet, gastro-intestinal tract and liver were linearly related to body weight in all cases other than for cysteine in carcass. At 25 kg live weight, proportionately 0·52 of total body N was in carcass components, 0·115 in wool, 0·08 in skin, 0·10 in offal and blood, 0·095 in head and feet, 0·06 in the gastro-intestinal tract and 0·02 in liver. However as the animals grew from 25 to 55 kg, 0·256 of the total N accretion was in wool, which was rich in cysteine (98 g/kg total amino acid). Carcass accretion represented only 0·449 of total body N accretion. The N balance technique overestimated net protein accretion by 0·24 (s.e. 0·036).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document