scholarly journals Studies on platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in East Africans

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Crawford ◽  
I. L. Hansen ◽  
K. Somers
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adult Intussusception ◽  
Endomyocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Cardiac Condition ◽  
African Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Specific Abnormality

1. A study was done on the platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) from Africans in areas where endomyocardial fibrosis is common.2. There were only small differences between the mean platelet or blood 5HT in Europeans and plantain-eating Africans; the distribution of the results showed a wider scatter in the African community, including values outside the upper limits of normal but not within the range reported for carcinoid.3. Patients in hospital had lower platelet 5HT contents regardless of cardiac condition or disease than healthy Africans on similar diets, suggesting no specific abnormality related to platelet 5HT levels and endomyocardial fibrosis.4. A small number of radioactive studies suggested that only 1–4 % of oral 5HT may reach the platelets; a significant increase in platelet 5HT did occur after a plantain meal; the in-crease after a meal but not after oral 5HT may be explained by release of endogenous 5HT from the small intestine under the influence of the high bulk of the diet. Attention is drawn to the high incidence of adult intussusception and volvulus associated with such diets.

scholarly journals Comparison of Propofol and Thiopentone Anaesthesia (with Special Reference to Recovery Characteristics)

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Weightman ◽  
M. Zacharias
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Day Case Surgery ◽  
Pain On Injection ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Case Surgery ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
The Mean

Thiopentone and propofol were used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in unpremedicated patients undergoing minor gynaecological procedures. There were no significant differences in the induction and maintenance characteristics except for a high incidence of pain on injection and a greater fall in the mean systolic blood pressure associated with propofol in comparison with thiopentone. Propofol was associated with a quicker early recovery as well as a faster psychomotor recovery, as tested by a peg-board. However, complete psychomotor recovery was not achieved for up to three hours in some patients receiving propofol and so caution is advised regarding the early street fitness of patients receiving repeated doses of the drug for day case surgery.

scholarly journals 24-Hour Measurement of Gastric pH in Rural South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair M. Sammon ◽  
Eugene J. Ndebia ◽  
Ekambaram Umapathy ◽  
Jehu E. Iputo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Duodenogastric Reflux ◽  
Lower Oesophageal Sphincter ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Night Time ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
High Level

Background. Previous studies have established norms of 24-hour gastric pH profiles for western countries. This study was designed to establish the pattern for a rural African population with a high incidence of oesophageal cancer.Methods. After lower oesophageal manometry a probe was placed 10 cm distal to the lower oesophageal sphincter. We carried out 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of gastric pH on 59 healthy subjects. This was satisfactorily completed on 26 female and 18 male (age 21–64, median 35) subjects in the Transkei region of South Africa.Results. The mean 24 hour gastric pH was 2.84 and the mean night-time pH was 3.7. 40 volunteers recorded a night-time pH reaching over 4. 33 volunteers recorded a night-time pH over 7. Night-time alkalinisation was present for 136.4 minutes (25th centile 22.8, 75th centile 208.1) at pH4 or over, and 79.3 (2.5, 122.7) minutes at pH7 or over. Episodes of rapid alkaline rise were 17 (10, 47). 21.1% of these occurred while supine. 35 of 36 tested subjects were positive forH. pyloriIgG.Conclusion. Gastric alkalinisation is common in Transkei, at a higher pH than that reported in other studies, and is sustained longer. Nighttime alkalinisation is frequent. This suggests a high level of duodenogastric reflux.

scholarly journals Association between stress and bilateral symmetrical alopecia in free-ranging Formosan macaques in Mt. Longevity, Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chih Chen ◽  
Ai-Mei Chang ◽  
Ming-Shan Tsai ◽  
Yen-Hua Huang ◽  
Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Normal Hair ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSince 2013, a high incidence of bilateral symmetrical alopecia has been observed in free-ranging Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) in Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. We hypothesized that stress induces alopecia in this population. To verify our hypothesis, we evaluated the histopathological characteristics of skin biopsy and used a validated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analysis, which act as an indicator of stress experienced by the individual. Follicular densities were lower (2.1–3.0 mm2) in individuals with symmetrical alopecia than in those with normal hair conditions (4.7 mm2). Furthermore, anagen to catagen/telogen ratios were lower in individuals with alopecia (0–1.4) than in those with normal hair (4.0). The histopathological characteristics of alopecia were similar to those of telogen effluvium, which indicates that stress is one of the possible etiologies. On the basis of the analytical and biological validation of EIAs for FGM analysis, 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone was considered suitable for monitoring adrenocortical activity in both sexes of Formosan macaques. The mean concentrations (standard error; sample size) of 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone were 2.02 (0.17; n = 10) and 1.41 (0.10; n = 31) μg/g for individuals with and without alopecia, respectively. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression analysis show that 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone (p = 0.012) concentration was positively associated with alopecia. Thus, stress was the most likely to trigger symmetrical alopecia in Formosan macaques in Mt. Longevity. Although stress can decrease the fitness of an individual, considering the population status of Formosan macaques in Taiwan is stable and alopecia was only observed in our study area, which is isolated from other populations, the impact on the total population of Formosan macaque in Taiwan is limited. Nonetheless, stress-induced immunosuppression and alopecia might affect the local abundance and increase zoonosis risk due to frequent human–macaque contact in Mt. Longevity. Future studies are suggested to focus on the causative factor of stress and the effects of stress and alopecia on the health and welfare in the Formosan macaques.

THE EFFECT OF INGESTED CHLORTETRACYCLINE ON SOME HYDROLASES AND ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN GROWING PIGS: II. PROTEASE, AMYLASE, AND GELLULASE ACTIVITY OF THE CONTENTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AND OF THE CECUM; WEIGHTS OF SMALL INTESTINE AND MUCOSA

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Vonk ◽  
L. W. McElroy ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Four treatments, involving differences in method of feeding and interval between last feed and slaughter, were employed in a study of the effect of dietary chlortetracycline on protease, amylase, and cellulase activity in the intestinal and cecal contents of 16 pairs of weanling pigs. Most consistent results were obtained with six pairs which were limited pair-fed except for the final feeding during which feed was available ad libitum for a 4-hour period ending 18 hours before slaughter. The mean total activities of all three hydrolases in the contents of the small intestines and of the ceca of the antibiotic-fed animals of these six pairs were significantly greater than in those of the control animals. Expressed as activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, significantly higher values for protease and amylase, but not for cellulase, were observed in the pigs that had received chlortetracycline. When the combined results obtained from all 16 pairs of the experimental animals were analyzed, the results showed that on a basis of activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, ingested chlortetracycline was associated with significant increases in amylase and cellulase but not in protease activity. Protease, amylase, and cellulase activities per gram dry matter of cecal contents were higher for pigs fed the antibiotic than for their controls. The mean wet weight of the empty small intestine and the mean dry weight of the mucosa scraped from the anterior 3-meter section of the small intestine were lower for the chlortetracycline-fed animals, but the differences were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Morphoquantitative study of the submucous plexus (of Meissner) of the jejunum-ileum of young and old guinea pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo César Zanesco ◽  
Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Submucous Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Microscope

OBJECTIVE: To study the aging of submucous plexus of the small intestine (jejunum-ileum) of the guinea pigs from the quantitative, structural and ultrastructural perspective. METHOD: Chemical preparations of membrane of the jejunum-ileum of old and young animals with the use of light and electronic microscope. RESULTS: The ganglia of young animals presented between 1 and 56 neurons and the old animals presented from 1 to 30 neurons. The mean density of the ganglia by cm² in the young jejunum-ileum was of 551±36.89 and in the old one 413±11.86. The density of the neurons was 5011±291.11 neurons/cm² average in young animals and 2918±120.70 neurons/cm² in the old ones. The size of the neurons varied in both age groups. The collagen fibers in the ganglia of old animals they were condensed. Degenerated mitochondrias in the interior of the cell were frequent in the old animals. CONCLUSION: In submucous plexus of the jejunum-ileum there is a loss of 38% of the neurons with aging.

scholarly journals A CASE OF ADULT INTUSSUSCEPTION BY A LEIOMYOSARCOMA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE DIAGNOSED BY ANGIOGRAPHY

1999 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2122-2126
Author(s):  
Masaru KUROKAWA ◽  
Makoto HIRANO ◽  
Nozomu MURAKAMI ◽  
Yoshihiko ARANO ◽  
Shin NAGAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adult Intussusception

scholarly journals Case Report: Rare presentation of adult intussusception at Orotta National Referral Hospital, Eritrea

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Senay Iyassu ◽  
Million Abraha
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Adult Intussusception ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluid Levels ◽  
National Referral Hospital

A 38-year-old woman presented at Orotta National Referral Hospital emergency department in May 2017 with pain in the epigastric region and vomiting. Physical examination revealed no pertinent findings. Blood and urine tests were normal, and erect abdominal x-ray revealed a distended small intestine with multiple layers of “air-fluid levels”. CT scan and MRI were not done due to their temporary unavailability. During laparotomy a large mass of 20x20 cm in size was detected in the mid-jejunum of the small intestine. This leading tumor caused intussusception and coiling of the small intestine. As there are no typical symptoms of intussusception, it is very important to do CT scan for patients with long-standing abdominal pain and vomiting to achieve a definitive diagnosis of intussusception.

scholarly journals A case of adult intussusception caused by primary cancer in small intestine

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Toshimi Takahashi ◽  
Hiroshi Nakagawara ◽  
Takashi Miyata ◽  
Midori Nishio ◽  
Shunichi Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adult Intussusception ◽  
Primary Cancer

Association Between Stress and Bilateral Symmetrical Alopecia in Free-Ranging Formosan Macaques (Macaca Cyclopis) in A High-Population-Density Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chih Chen ◽  
Ai-Mei Chang ◽  
Ming-Shan Tsai ◽  
Yen-Hua Huang ◽  
Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Macaca Cyclopis ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Biological Validation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Normal Hair ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Since 2013, a high incidence of bilateral symmetrical alopecia has been observed in free-ranging Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) in Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. We hypothesized that stress induces alopecia in this population. To verify our hypothesis, we evaluated the histopathological characteristics of skin biopsy and used a validated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analysis, which act as an indicator of stress experienced by the individual. Follicular densities were lower (2.1–3.0 mm2) in individuals with symmetrical alopecia than in those with normal hair conditions (4.7 mm2). Furthermore, anagen to catagen/telogen ratios were lower in individuals with alopecia (0–1.4) than in those with normal hair (4.0). The histopathological characteristics of alopecia were similar to those of telogen effluvium, which indicates that stress is one of the possible etiologies. On the basis of the analytical and biological validation of EIAs for FGM analysis, 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone was considered suitable for monitoring adrenocortical activity in both sexes of Formosan macaques. The mean concentrations (standard error; sample size) of 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone were 2.02 (0.17; n = 10) and 1.41 (0.10; n = 31) μg/g for individuals with and without alopecia, respectively. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression analysis show that 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone (p = 0.012) concentration was positively associated with alopecia. Thus, stress was the most likely to trigger symmetrical alopecia in Formosan macaques in Mt. Longevity. Although stress can decrease the fitness of an individual, it should not impact the total population of Formosan macaque in Taiwan. Nonetheless, stress-induced immunosuppression might increase zoonosis risk due to frequent human–macaque contact in Mt. Longevity.

Abstract WP82: Transcranial Doppler Detection of Microembolic Signals During the Advancement and Deployment of Pipeline Embolization Devices in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Repair

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Hughes ◽  
Mark J Dannenbaum ◽  
Peng R Chen ◽  
Arthur L Day ◽  
Huimahn A Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Device Placement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Very High ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction: Pipeline embolization devices (PED) have become an essential tool in the endovascular treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. A high-density stent like device, the PED functions to redirect blood flow and facilitate the growth and remodeling of the artery. Postoperative ischemic stroke proves to be the most common neurological complication associated with treatment, ranging from about 3-6% with most occurring within 30 days. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring has been used in the past to evaluate similar procedures by measuring the occurrence of microembolic signals (MES). Due to the delivery and manipulation of the PED and its thrombotic nature, microembolic events have been postulated to form during device placement and contribute to thromboembolism. Our initial study is the first to detect and measure MES during a PED procedure. Methods: Patients undergoing endovascular PED treatment were simultaneously monitored with TCD. MES were detected, separated from artifacts, and counted for each step. Results: Embolic signals were detected in all patients and were highest during deployment. With 3 PED deployments in the paraophthalmic ICA of 2 patients, the mean MES during PED deployment was 515 +/- 46. Average emboli per second during deployment was 1.62 +/- 0.59 verses 0.30 +/- 0.12 emboli per second observed prior to microcatheter insertion and manipulation. Conclusion: A very high incidence of MES was observed during the procedure and PED deployment. The little success thus far in elucidating a possible mechanism to account for PED’s associated complications warrants more investigation. Determining the occurrence of MES might reveal insight into the relative safety of each step and on the formation of distal thromboembolisms.

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