scholarly journals Exogenous and endogenous nitrogen flow rates and level of protein hydrolysis in the human jejunum after [15N]milk and [15N]yoghurt ingestion

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarie Gaudichon ◽  
Sylvain Mahé ◽  
Nils Roos ◽  
Robert Benamouzig ◽  
Catherine Luengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Jejunal Tube ◽  
High Level ◽  
Milk Ingestion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Milk and yoghurt proteins were 15N-labelled in order to measure the flow rate of exogenous N during digestion in the human intestine. After fasting overnight, sixteen healthy volunteers, each with a naso-jejunal tube, ingested either [15N]milk (n 7) or [15N]yoghurt (n 9). Jejunal samples were collected every 20 min for 4 h. A significant stimulation of endogenous N secretion was observed during the 20–60 min period after yoghurt ingestion and the 20–40 min period after milk ingestion. The endogenous N flows over a 4 h period did not differ between the groups (44·3 (SEM 6·5) mmol for milk and 63·5 (SEM 5·9) mmol for yoghurt). The flow rates of exogenous N indicated a delayed gastric emptying of the yoghurt N compared with N from milk. The jejunal non-protein N (NPN) flow rate increased significantly after milk and yoghurt ingestion due to an increase in the exogenous NPN flow rate. The NPN fraction of exogenous N ranged between 40 and 80%. The net gastro-jejunal absorption of exogenous N did not differ significantly between milk (56·7 (SEM 8·5)%) and yoghurt (50·9 (SEM 7)%). The high level of exogenous N hydrolysis is in accordance with the good digestibility of milk products. Fermentation modifies only the gastric emptying rate of N and does not affect the level of diet hydrolysis, the endogenous N stimulation or the digestibility rate.

scholarly journals Electrogastrography in Delayed Gastric Emptying

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Badriul Hegar ◽  
Yvan Vandenplas
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Gastric Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Enteric Nerves ◽  
Gastric Muscle ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractions

Disorders of gastric motility are generally manifested by an abnormal rate of gastric emptying. The emptying process of the stomach is very complex, and knowledge is limited to the observation that gastric emptying rate is a highly variable phenomenon, and that delayed gastric emptying is frequently the case. The advances in the knowledge of the physiology of gastric muscle and enteric nerves, and the recognition of the patterns of organization of smooth muscle contractions gave a new input to the study of gastric motility. The gastric emptying can be monitored in various ways, such as manometry, scintigraphy, or electrogastrography (EGG). Recently, EGG has received more attention. There is correlation between the EGG signal obtained from body surface electrodes and signals obtained directly from electrodes locates in the gastric muscle (serosal records). Some studies showed an association between EGG-findings and gastric motility disorders, and indicate that EGG is a reliable, non-invasive, useful method to detect gastric myoelectric activity.

scholarly journals Mechanoregulation of BK channel activity in the mammalian cortical collecting duct: role of protein kinases A and C

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. F904-F915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Yuan Wei ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Wen-Hui Wang ◽  
Thomas R. Kleyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
Slow Flow ◽  
Cortical Collecting Duct ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Calphostin C ◽  
Flow Stimulation ◽  
Slow Flow Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of

Flow-stimulated net K secretion ( JK) in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) is mediated by an iberiotoxin (IBX)-sensitive BK channel, and requires an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The α-subunit of the reconstituted BK channel is phosphorylated by PKA and PKC. To test whether the BK channel in the native CCD is regulated by these kinases, JK and net Na absorption ( JNa) were measured at slow (∼1) and fast (∼5 nl·min−1·mm−1) flow rates in rabbit CCDs microperfused in the presence of mPKI, an inhibitor of PKA; calphostin C, which inhibits diacylglycerol binding proteins, including PKC; or bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) and Gö6976, inhibitors of classic and novel PKC isoforms, added to luminal (L) and/or basolateral (B) solutions. L but not B mPKI increased JK in CCDs perfused at a slow flow rate; a subsequent increase in flow rate augmented JK modestly. B mPKI alone or with L inhibitor abolished flow stimulation of JK. Similarly, L calphostin C increased JK in CCDs perfused at slow flow rates, as did calphostin C in both L and B solutions. The observation that IBX inhibited the L mPKI- and calphostin C-mediated increases in JK at slow flow rates implicated the BK channel in this K flux, a notion suggested by patch-clamp analysis of principal cells. The kinase inhibited by calphostin C was not PKC as L and/or B BIM and Gö6976 failed to enhance JK at the slow flow rate. However, addition of these PKC inhibitors to the B solution alone or with L inhibitor blocked flow stimulation of JK. Interpretation of these results in light of the effects of these inhibitors on the flow-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i suggests that the principal cell apical BK channel is tonically inhibited by PKA and that flow stimulation of JK in the CCD is PKA and PKC dependent. The specific targets of the kinases remain to be identified.

Nozzle Passage Endwall Effectiveness Values with Various Combustor Coolant Flow Rates - Part 1: Flowfield Velocity and Coolant Concentration Measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Kedar P. Nawathe ◽  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Enci Lin ◽  
Yong Kim ◽  
Terrence Simon
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Coolant Flow ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Physics ◽  
High Level

Abstract The stators of the first stage of a gas turbine are exposed to severe temperatures. The coolant streams introduced to prevent the stators from thermal damage further complicate the highly three-dimensional vane passage flow. Recent results have shown that the coolant streams injected for cooling the combustor also influence the flow physics and the cooling effectiveness in the first-stage stator vanes passage. However, the effects of changing the mass flow rate of these combustor coolant streams on the passage flowfield have not been studied. As understanding the coolant transport is necessary for analyzing changes in cooling effectiveness in the vane passage, detailed aerodynamic and thermal measurements along the whole vane passage are required. This two-part paper presents such measurements taken for a variety of combustor coolant and endwall film coolant flow rates. The experiments were conducted in a low-Mach-number facility with engine-representative Reynolds numbers and large-scale high-level turbulence. The objective of the first part is to describe the flow that influences endwall and vane surface cooling effectiveness distributions, which are presented in the second part. The measurements show changes in the passage flowfield due to changes in both combustor coolant and endwall film coolant flow rates. Overall, the flow-physics remains largely unaffected by changes in coolant flow rates except in the endwall-vane surfaces region where the combustor coolant flow rate dominates changes in coolant transport. This is shown to have a high impact on endwall and vane surface cooling.

Delayed gastric emptying rate in Type 1 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gassan Darwiche ◽  
Lars-Olof Almér ◽  
Ola Björgell ◽  
Carry Cederholm ◽  
Paul Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate

Prevention of Early Delayed Gastric Emptying after High-Level Esophagogastrostomy by “Pyloric Digital Fracture”

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2837-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Deng ◽  
Qun-You Tan ◽  
Yao-Guang Jiang ◽  
Yun-Ping Zhao ◽  
Jing-Hai Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
High Level

Acceleration of gastric emptying with electrical stimulation in a canine model of gastroparesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. G826-G834 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Bellahsene ◽  
C. D. Lind ◽  
B. D. Schirmer ◽  
O. L. Updike ◽  
R. W. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Intrinsic Frequency ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Stimulation Of

We investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of the stomach on gastric emptying and the electrical activity of the stomach in 10 dogs. A model of gastroparesis was developed in five dogs using truncal vagotomy combined with injections of glucagon. Glucagon also induced electrical dysrhythmias. Bipolar electrodes were implanted in the stomach and the duodenum for electrical stimulation and for recording electrogastrograms. Gastric emptying of an isotope-labeled solid meal was assessed for 2 h. External electrical stimulation was delivered to the corpus of the stomach at its own physiological frequency to investigate whether it could restore normal gastric emptying. Such stimulation had no significant effect on gastric emptying in intact animals (45 vs. 43%: retention of isotope after 2 h) or when only vagotomy was performed (78 vs. 66%), but it significantly accelerated gastric emptying in animals with vagotomy and glucagon (from 86 to 68%). From this model of delayed gastric emptying, we suggest that electrical stimulation of the stomach at its own intrinsic frequency may recoordinate uncoupled slow wave activity induced by glucagon after vagotomy thus improving the rate of gastric emptying.

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